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1、2023届河南省郑州外国语学校高三1月调研4英语试题一、阅读理解The Secure ChildM.DStanley Greenspan, M.D. CHILDPublisher: Da Capo Press; ReprintPrint list price: ? 5.99Kindle price: ? 2. 99, save ?3.00In this book, Stanley Greenspan offers a set of guiding principles to help parents of children - from preschoolers to teenagers 一
2、so that they feel secure in their homes, their?schools, and in the society at large. He also explains childrens behavior that signals reaction to stress and fears and gives parents concrete suggestions to help children handle their anxieties.Building Healthy MindsBy Stanley Greenspan, M.D. &Nancy Le
3、wisPublisher: Da Capo PressPrint list price: ?7.99Kindle price: ? 4.49, save ?3.50The book applies Dr. Greenspans developmental theories to a childs everyday life with practical, delightful observations and advice. Every parent wants to raise a bright, happy and moral child, but until Stanley Greens
4、pan did much research on the building blocks of such qualities, no one could show parents how and when these qualities begin. In this book Dr. Greenspan identifies the six key experiences that make it possible for children to reach their full potential.The Learning TreeBy Stanley Greenspan, M.D. , N
5、ancy Thorndike GreenspanPublisher: Da Capo PressPrint list price: 711.99Kindle price: ? 7. 99, save ?4.00Using the metaphor （隐口俞）of a tree, Dr. Stanley Greenspan explains that the roots represent how children take in the world through what they hear, see, smell, and touch. The trunk represents think
6、ing skills through which children grow both academically and socially. The branches childrens basic abilities to read, write, do math, and organize their work. Both parents and early learning professionals will especially welcome the partA. So is the severity ofB. However severe isC. As severe isD.
7、Such is the severity of58. We will do everything we can to help anybody, his background is, to go as far as his talents will take him.A. whereverB. howeverC. whicheverD. whateverNo wonder some people dont show sympathy for the victim of the accident. She have observedthe traffic rules.A. mustB. shou
8、ldC. needD. wouldand out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped the beautifulscenery.A. Exhausting; to admireB. Exhausting; admiringC. Exhausted; to admireD. Exhausted; admiring五、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式。The hardships involved in building the Great Wall are beyon
9、d imagination. Large numbers of people had to leave their homes and families to go to the north, 61 they worked hard for years. Of the legends about the Great Wall, the story of Lady Meng Jiang is the most 62 (move). Lady Meng Jiang lived during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin. After her husba
10、nd 63( call) up to build the Great Wall, she missedhim so much 64 she traveled many miles to see him but only 65 (tell) that her husband had died and was buried under the Wall. She was 66( extreme) sad and cried for three days and nightsuntil the Great Wall fell down one section after another.Over t
11、he past centuries, the Great Wall 67 (become) a symbol of unity and 68 (strong) for Chinese people. It symbolizes that the great achievement can be made with 69 common will and joined effort. For example, the national anthem, composed during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, called
12、on people to build our new Great Wall 70 our flesh and blood1*.六、告知信/通知71.由于疫情(Covid-19)原因，你所在国际学校原定下周举行的生命科学周(Life Sciences Week)将 改为网上进行。你受学生会委托写一则英文通知。内容包括：L变更原因；2.具体活动；3.期待参与。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考答案:【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本着名书籍的相关内容。1.细节理解题。根据 The Secure Child 部分“Kindle price: ?2. 99,
13、save ?3.00 （Kindle 价格：2.99 英镑，节 省 3.00 英镑广、Building Healthy Minds 部分“Kindle price:? 4.49, save ?3.50 （Kindle 价格:4.49 英镑,节 省 3.50 英镑）、The Learning Tree 部分“Kindle price: ? 7. 99, save ?4.00 （Kindle 价格:7.99 英镑，节省 4.00 英镑）”以及 The Challenging Child 部分“Kindle price: ? 4. 24, save ?1.75 （Kindle 价格：4.24 英镑，
14、节省 1.75 英镑）”可知，四本书中，The Learning Tree的Kindle版本节省的钱最多。故选B项。2 .细节理解题。根据 The Secure Child 部分“He also explains childrens behavior that signals reaction to stress and fears and gives parents concrete suggestions to help children handle their anxieties.（他还解释了孩子对压 力和恐惧的反应，并为家长提供了帮助孩子处理焦虑的具体建议）、Building Hea
15、lthy Minds部分“The branches childrens basic abilities to read, write, do math, and organize their work. The book applies Dr. Greenspans developmental theories to a childs everyday life with practical, delightful observations and advice.（这本书将格林斯潘博士的发展理论运用到孩子的日常生活中，并提供了实用、有趣的观察和建议广、 The Learning Tree 部分
16、“Both parents and early learning professionals will especially welcome the part on finding and dealing with learning problems early.（这些课程培养了孩子们阅读、写作、数学和组织工作的基 本能力。家长和早期学习专业人士都特别欢迎尽早发现和处理学习问题户以及The Challenging Child部分 Stanley Greenspan, M. D.，is the first to show parents how to match their parenting
17、to the challenges of their particular child.（斯坦利?格林斯潘医学博士是第一位向父母展示如何将父母的养育方式与孩子的挑战相 匹配的人）”可知，四本书的共同之处在于都针对孩子的教育提出了一些建议。故选C项。3 .细节理解题。根据 Building Healthy Minds 部分“Every parent wants to raise a bright, happy and moral child, but until Stanley Greenspan did much research on the building blocks of such
18、qualities, no one could show parents how and when these qualities begin.（每个父母都想培养一个聪明、快乐、有道德的孩子，但直到斯 坦利格林斯潘对这些品质的构成要素进行了大量研究，没有人能向父母展示这些品质是如何开始的以及 何时开始的户可知，斯坦利格林斯潘进行了大量研究，以他的研究为基础，写了 Building Healthy Minds 这本书。故选D项。4 . B?5. D?6. C?7. A【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是中国人，但是出生在美国，因此受两种文化的影响，这让他不 知道自己属于中国文化还是美国文化。4
19、.细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句For a long time, I was comfortable with being from two cultures. I was fluent in Chinglish.”可知，在很长一段时间里，我对两种文化感到很舒服；我能流利地说“中式英语工 据 此可知，作者一开始对自己的身份感到很自信，故选B。5 .推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句During Chinese events when I was in China , the host would sometimes make fun of America . My relatives would
20、 look at me and laugh , asking me how I felt并结合该 段其他内容和第三段内容可知，在中国，人们会拿美国开玩笑，并问“我”的感受；据此可推知，在中国 作者被他的亲戚看成美国人，所以在离开中国时他感觉自己不太像中国人，故选D。6 .细节理解题。根据第五段尾句Its moments like these when I realize that sometimes my appearance makes it hard for me to seem fully American.”可知，正是像这样的时刻，我意识到有时候我的外表让我很难显得 完全是一个美国人。
21、据此可知，是作者的外貌让机场的那位男士不断地问作者来自哪里，故选C。7 .主旨大意题。通读全文可知，虽然作者是中国人，但是出生在美国，能流利地说“中式英语”，作者熟 悉两种文化，曾经对此感到自豪；但是长大后，他的中国亲戚拿美国开玩笑，并问他的感受，作者感到 很不舒服;在美国，作者告诉他人我出生在美国时，外貌让他们有点儿不相信。因此，作者不知道自己属 于中国文化还是美国文化，这让他很困惑。因此A项“在文化上无家可归”最能概括本文主旨。故选A。 8. D?9. C?10. B?ll. C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对于从热情的赞扬到冷冰冰的现金不同的外部奖励如何影响动 机和创造力，不同的人
22、持不同的观点。8 .细节理解题。根据第一段Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.（心理学家对于从热情的赞扬到冷冰冰的现金不同的外部奖励如 何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，心理学家在对待外部奖励对学生成绩的影响这个问题的态度 上存在分歧。故选D项。9 .推理判断题。根据第三段“If kids know they9re working for a reward and can focus
23、 on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,（如果孩子们知道他们在为奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一项 相对具有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力）以及But ifs easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards.（但对表现不佳的人给 予奖励或仓U造过 多的奖励欲望，会很容易扼杀创造力广可知，罗伯特艾森伯格认为，给学生们真正应得的奖励最能提高 他们的
24、创造力。故选C项。10 .词句猜测题。根据第五段“In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.（特拉华州心理学家称，在低年级，使用所谓的 token eco
25、nomics,即学生处理具有挑战性的问题，并获得价值奖励的绩效积分，这表明了提高努力和创造力的 前景）”可知，token economics指的是学生处理问题并获得绩效积分的奖励机制，与systems of rewarding students同义。故选B项。11 .推理判断题。根据第段“Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.（心理学家对于从热情的赞扬到冷冰冰的现金不同的外部奖励如 何影响
26、动机和创造力持相反的观点）、第二段The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators.（后一种观点获得了许多支持者，尤其是在教育工作者中）“、第四段Eisenberger hold the view that a teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students.（艾森伯格认为，一个
27、教师如果不断地引起人们对奖励的关注，或者为了 普通的成绩而给出高分，最终会导致学生们缺乏灵感）”以及第五段“In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.（特
28、拉华州心 理学家称，在低年级，使用所谓的token economics,即学生处理具有挑战性的问题，并获得价值奖励的 绩效积分，这表明了提高努力和创造力的前景广可知，作者介绍了不同专家持有的不同观点，只是客观 说明，并没有掺杂个人的看法，因此作者对此话题持有客观态度。故选C项。12 . A?13. D?14. B?15. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于细菌和真菌如何应对气候变化的研究。研究发现，在 气候温和的地区微生物的降解能力最佳。此外，微生物的来源地也会影响其降解量。12 .细节理解题。根据第一段“Bacteria and fungi might call to mind
29、the images of diseases and spoiled food, but they also do a lot of good.（细菌和真菌可能会让人想起疾病和变质食物的形象，但它们也有很多好处）” 可知，在作者看来，细菌和真菌有利亦有弊，是一把“双刃剑:故选A。13 .词句猜测题。根据第五段“The amount of grass decayed by the caged microbes was measured at 6, 12, and 18 months.（在6个月、12个月和18个月时，笼中微生物decayed的草量被测量厂以及倒数第二段“The study con
30、firmed previous results that sites with moderate climates saw the most rot and therefore were the most effective places for nutrient recycling.（这项研究证实了先前的结果，即气候温和的地区腐烂最严重，因此 是最有效的养分回收场所广可知，划线词与rot相呼应，句子表示“被笼中微生物腐烂的草量”，划线词表 示腐烂，与Gradually destroyed同义。故选Do.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For example, when moved into th
31、e drier bushes, grassland-sourced microbes outperformed the bush residents by as much as 40 percent例如，当进入较干燥的灌木丛中时,来 自草原的微生物比灌木丛中的微生物高出40%）”可推知，来自其他地区的微生物可能会比某地土生土长 的微生物有更高的降解能力，即表现可能会更为突出。故选B。14 .主旨大意题。根据第三段“The study is a first step toward understanding the vulnerability of these ecosystems to cli
32、mate change这项研究是了解这些生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性的第一步）”以及倒数第 二段“The study confirmed previous results that sites with moderate climates saw the most rot and thereforewere the most effective places for nutrient recycling.（这项研究证实了先前的结果，即气候温和的地区腐烂最 严重，因此是最有效的养分回收场所厂以及文章内容可知，该研究主要探讨的是气候对微生物的影响促 使营养物质循环的微生物可能感知温度变化”可以作为文
33、章标题。故选Bo16. B?17. F?18. D?19. E?20. C【导语】这是一篇说明文。漂亮的女人都希望要个女孩，所以男人很少有帅的，美丽对于女人更有利。 16. 由后面的句子“But science may have just proved them right - because beautiful women are more likely to have daughters than their plainer counterparts, according to a study.（但是科学可能已经证明他们是正确的 因为根据一项研究，漂亮的女人比相貌平平的女人更有可能生女儿。
34、户可知，研究表明漂亮的女人 比相貌平平的女人更有可能生女儿，所以帅气的男人是比较少的，由此可推知，单身女孩很难找到帅气 男生，B项“单身女孩总是抱怨，帅气的男人很难找到。”符合，其中Single girls和下文them相呼应，故 选B。17. 由后面的句子“Yasmin Le Bon is signed to the same modelling agency as daughter Amber, and Jerry Halls daughters Elizabeth and Georgia Jagger have both taken to the catwalk.（Yasmin Le B
35、on 和她的女儿 Amber 签 约了同一家模特经纪公司，Jerry Hall的女儿Elizabeth和Georgia Jagger都走上了 T台。厂可以知道，此 处用例子说明了许多模特的女儿跟随她们的妈妈，也成为了模特，F项“这也可以解释为什么许多模特的 女儿都追随着她们迷人的脚步。”符合，引起下文，故选F。18. 由上文“Dr Satoshi Kanazawa, of the London School of Economics, analysed data from a survey of 17,000 babies born in Britain in March 1958 and t
36、racked them throughout their lives（伦敦政治经济学院的金泽聪博 士分析了 1958年3月在英国出生的17000名婴儿的调查数据，并跟踪了他们的一生厂描写了一项研究调 查了 17000 名婴儿，并跟踪了他们一生，后面的句子“When they reached 45, they were asked about the gender of any children they had.（当他们至!j 了 45岁时: 他们被问及他们所有孩子的性别。厂描写了这些婴 儿在45岁时所接受的调查，由此可知，空处应该描述这些婴儿小时候所接受的调查，D项“7岁时，他 们的吸引力由
37、老师评定。”符合，故选D。19. 由前面的句子“Those rated as attractive were equally likely to have a son or daughter as their first child - but the unattractive sorts were more likely to have a son.（那些被认为有吸引力的人同样有可能有一个儿子或 女儿作为他们的第一个孩子，但是没有吸引力的人更有可能有一个儿子。厂可以知道漂亮的女人更有可 能生女孩，E项“换句话说，漂亮的女人更有可能生女儿。”符合，解释说明了上文，故选E。20. 由前面的句子“
38、Dr Kanazawa believes that parents tend to produce children who benefit from their own features.（金泽博士认为，父母倾向于生出受益于自身特征的孩子。厂可知，父母倾向于生出受益于自身 特征的孩子，美丽对于女人而言比男人更有利，C项“美貌对女人比对男人更有好处。”符合，故选C。21. C?22. A?23. B?24. D?25. B?26. C?27. D?28. B?29. A?30. C?31. D?32. D?33. D?34. C?35. C?36. A?37. C?38. B?39. A?40
39、. A【导语】这是一篇应用文。这是作者写给邻居的感谢信，作者情真意切地表达了自己对邻居的感激之情。21 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的房子是这一排房子里最好的那幢房子的尽头有一棵老苹果树， 在房子建起来之前就在那里了。A. universe宇宙；B. field田野；C. row 一排、街；D. valley山谷。根敏，You have the best house in the?1可知，此处应指“这一排房子里最好的“，row符合语境。故选C项。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的房子是这一排房子里最好的那幢房子的尽头有一棵老苹果树， 在房子建起来之前就在那里了。A. built建造；B. a
40、ppeared出现；C.painted粉刷；D. removed搬迁、迁 移。根据the one at the end that has an old apple tree that was there before the houses were?2.可知, 此处应指“在房子建起来之前。built符合语境。故选A项。23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：苹果树的遗产是伟大的，你总是与我和我的孩子们分享你的果实。A. divided 分开、分散；B. shared 分享；C. provided 提供；D. delivered 递送、发表。根据下文“As a single parent facing
41、a tight?6, I welcome the healthy food of什ee”可知,此处应指总是与我们“分享”你的果实，shared 符合语境。故选B项。24 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：它在9月到1月间结果，是一种珍贵的资源。A. picks取、采摘；B. obtains 获得；C. harvests 收获、收害U； D. bears 运送、结果。根据“It?4?fruit from September to January, which is a?5?resource.”可知，此处应指“在9月到1月间结果”,bears符合语境。故选D项。25 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在9月到
42、1月间结果，是一种珍贵的资源。A. natural自然的；B.precious 宝贵的、珍贵的；C. unique独特的、独一无二的；D.unforgettable难以忘怀的。根据上文“The legacy of the apple tree is great, and youve always?3?your fruit with me and my children.”可知，苹果树的遗产 是伟大的，由此可知，这是一种“珍贵的”资源，precious符合语境。故选B项。26 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个预算紧张的单亲父母，我欢迎免费的健康食品，让我和孩子们 连续几个月吃甜点。A. iss
43、ue议题、事件；B. schedule计划表、进度表；C. budget预算；D. relationship 关系。根据后面的“【welcome the healthy food of free”可知，欢迎免费的健康食物，说明经济预算紧张， budget符合语境。故选C项。27 .考查短语辨析。句意：作为一个预算紧张的单亲父母，我欢迎免费的健康食品，让我和孩子们连续 几个月吃甜点。A. at most至多；B. on average平均；C. at all究竟；D. on end连续地。根据keeping me and my children in dessert fare for month
44、s?7 可知,此处应指“连续几个月“，on end符合语境。故选D项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：你说大部分时间你都在挣扎于是否把苹果带回家，因为家里人不愿意花 功夫清洗和准备苹果。A. desired渴望；B.struggled挣扎;C.agreed同意；D. forgot忘记。根据“because people didnt want to?9?the work to clean and prepare them”可知，家里人不愿意清洗和准备苹 果，由此可推知，此处指“挣扎于是否带回家，struggled符合语境。故选B项。29 .考查短语辨析。句意：你说大部分时间你都在挣扎于是否把苹果
45、带回家，因为家里人不愿意花功夫 清洗和准备苹果。A. put in提出、投入时间、种植；B. put off推迟、阻止；C.put down着陆、写下；D. put up 提供、提高、举起。根据because people didnt want to?9?the work to clean and prepare them”可知，此处指不愿“投入时间”来清洗和准备，put in符合语境。故选A项。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经开始计算，如果我从超市买了你给我的苹果，要花多少钱。A. remember 记住；B. guess 猜测;C. calculate 计算；D. recall 记起
46、、回忆起。根据后面的how much it would cost”可知，此处指“计算”要花多少钱，calculate符合语境。故选C项。31 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：我曾经开始计算，如果我从超市买了你给我的苹果，要花多少钱。A. though 虽然、尽管；B. otherwise否则、不然；C. anyway无论如何、不管怎样；D. instead相反。根据“I once started to?10?how much it would cost if I had bought the apples you gave me from thesupermarket?11.”可知，此处是假设从超市
47、买的苹果，而不是免费的，与前面“免费”为相反相 对的逻辑关系，应用insteado故选D项。32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到这将是一种我负担不起的奢侈品时，我停了下来。A. bargain 讨价还价；B. resist阻挡、抵制；C. possess拥有、持有；D. afford买得起、承担得起。根据前面的“it would have been a luxury”可知，此处指“负担不起”的奢侈品，afford符合语境。故选D项。33 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了你苹果派作为圣诞礼物，但这远远不够。A. proper正确的、合 适的、适当的；B. easy 容易的；C. perf
48、ect 完美的；D. enough 足够的。根据“I gave you apple pie as a Christmas thank you, but there9s no way that was?13.”可知，虽然给了苹果派作为圣诞礼物，但这远远“不 够，enough符合语境。故选D项。34 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，你的苹果已经变成了美味的苹果酱和自制派的主要部分， 赢得了我家人的心和胃。A. common共同的、常见的、普遍的；B. sour酸的、不友善的、脾气坏的；C. delicious 美味的；D. cheap 便宜的。根据后面的apple sauce and the main part in the homemade pie that?15?the hearts and stomachs of my family.“可知，此处指“美味的”苹果酱和自制J派，delicious 符合语境。故选C项。35 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，你的苹果已经变成了美味的苹果酱和自制派的主要部分，赢 得了我家人的心和胃。A. froze冻结、凝固；B. stole偷窃、盗窃；C. won赢得；D. melted融化。根据“Over the years your apples have b