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1、语态语态十二、语态 考点一考点一 被被动语态动语态的的应应用用 语语态态是是动动词词的的一一种种形形式式,表表示示主主语语和和谓谓语语的的关关系系。当当主主语语是是动动作作的的执执行行者者时时用用主主动动语语态态(某某人人做做某某事事);当当主主语语是是动动作作的承受者的承受者时时,用被,用被动语态动语态(某事被某人做)。(某事被某人做)。一、各种一、各种时态时态的被的被动语态动语态 被被动动语语态态由由“主主语语+be+及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词”构构成成,助助动动词词有有时态时态、人称和数的、人称和数的变变化。化。结结构构例句例句一般一般现现在在时时:主主语语+am/is/are
2、+过过去分去分词词The classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天都打教室每天都打扫扫。一般一般过过去去时时:主主语语+was/were+过过去分去分词词Our school was built in 1998.我我们们的学校在的学校在1998年建造。年建造。一般将来一般将来时时:主主语语+shall/will+be+过过去分去分词词The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运运动动会明天会明天举举行。行。现现在在进进行行时时:主主语语+am/is/are+being+过过去去分分词词The car is being rep
3、aired.这辆这辆汽汽车车正在修理中。正在修理中。过过去去进进行行时时:主主语语+was/were+being+过过去去分分词词The machine was being painted then.那那时时那台机器正那台机器正在上油漆。在上油漆。结结构构例句例句现现在完成在完成时时:主主语语+has/have+been+过过去去分分词词The bank has been built.银银行已行已经经建成了。建成了。过过去完成去完成时时:主主语语+had+been+过过去分去分词词I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here.在在来来
4、这这儿儿之之前前我我已已经经被被邀邀请请访访问问日日本了。本了。过过去去将将来来时时:主主语语+should/would+be+过过去分去分词词Ann told me she would be sent to America.安告安告诉诉我她将被派往美国。我她将被派往美国。含含有有情情态态动动词词的的被被动动语语态态:主主语语+情情态动词态动词+be+过过去分去分词词The bike cant be put here.这辆这辆自行自行车车不能被放在不能被放在这这里。里。二、主二、主动语态变动语态变被被动语态动语态的方法的方法 第第一一步步:先先确确定定主主动动句句的的主主、谓谓、宾宾,找找出出
5、其其中中的的谓谓语语动动词词。第第二二步步:把把主主动动句句中中谓谓语语动动词词后后面面的的宾宾语语变变为为被被动动句句的的主主语语,若,若宾语宾语是人称代是人称代词词,应应把把宾宾格格变为变为主格。主格。第第三三步步:把把主主动动句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词变变为为“助助动动词词be+及及物物动动词词的的过过去分去分词词”,但,但时态时态不能改不能改变变。第第四四步步:把把主主动动句句中中谓谓语语动动词词前前面面的的主主语语变变为为被被动动句句中中介介词词by的的宾宾语语(没没必必要要说说出出动动作作的的执执行行者者时时可可省省略略),若若主主语语是是人称代人称代词时词时,应应把主格把主格变
6、为宾变为宾格。格。考点二考点二 被被动语态动语态的几种特殊形式的几种特殊形式 1.主主 动动 句句 中中 感感 官官 动动 词词 see/hear/watch/feel等等 和和 使使 役役 动动 词词make/let/have等等后后跟跟省省略略to的的动动词词不不定定式式,变变为为被被动动语语态态时时应应加上不定式符号加上不定式符号to。例如:。例如:We saw an alien get out of the UFO.An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.【温馨提示温馨提示】后后接接现现在在分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词变变为为被被
7、动动语语态态时时,宾宾补补部部分分不不变变。对对比:比:We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.2.谓语动词谓语动词后接双后接双宾语宾语(直接(直接宾语宾语和和间间接接宾语宾语)时时,(1)把)把间间接接宾语变为宾语变为主主语语,直接,直接宾语宾语不不变变。例如:。例如:He gave me a new book.间间接接宾语宾语 直接直接宾语宾语I was given a new book by him.(2)把直接把直接宾语变宾语变主主语语,间间接接宾语
8、宾语不不变变。例如:。例如:He gave me a new book.间间接接宾语宾语 直接直接宾语宾语A new book was given to me by him.3.句中句中谓语谓语是是动词动词短短语时语时,变为变为被被动语态时动语态时要注意其要注意其完整性。完整性。Jack turned on the TV just now.The TV was turned on by Jack just now.4.带带有有复复合合宾宾语语的的动动词词变变为为被被动动语语态态时时,只只须须把把宾宾语语变变为为被被动动语语态态的的主主语语,而而宾宾语语补补足足语语仍仍保保留留在在原原处处,作作
9、主主语语补补足足语语。例例如:如:Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.5.主主动动表被表被动动(1)feel,look,sound,smell,taste等等系系动动词词的的主主动动语语态态表表示示被被动动含含义义。例如:。例如:The dishes smell so delicious.菜菜闻闻起来真香。起来真香。Your idea sounds better.你的主意听起来更好。你的主意听起来更好。(2)有有
10、些些动动词词,如如sell,cut,drive,wash,clean,write,open,lock等等,作作为为不及物不及物动词时动词时可以用主可以用主动语态动语态表示被表示被动动含含义义。例如:。例如:Books of Harry Potter sell well.哈利哈利波特波特系列的系列的书书很很畅销畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的我的钢钢笔写起字来很流笔写起字来很流畅畅。(3)sth.need/want/require doing相当于相当于sth.need/want/require to be done(不定式的被不定式的被动结动结构构)。例如:。例如:Yo
11、ur room needs cleaning.=Your room needs to be cleaned.你你的房的房间间需要打需要打扫扫了。了。(4)be worth doing(值值得做得做)中的中的doing表示被表示被动动含含义义。The movie is worth watching by everyone.这这部部电电影影值值得所有人看一看。得所有人看一看。6.不用被不用被动语态动语态的情况的情况(1)系系动词动词、不及物、不及物动词动词或某些或某些动词动词短短语语没有被没有被动语态动语态。例如:例如:come true;fall asleep;keep quiet;take p
12、lace等;等;(2)主主动动句的句的宾语宾语是不定式或是不定式或doing时时不能用作被不能用作被动语态动语态的主的主语语;(3)反身代反身代词词或或each other不能作被不能作被动语态动语态的主的主语语。7.被被动语态动语态与系表与系表结结构的区构的区别别“be+p.p.”表示表示动动作作时时是被是被动语态动语态;“be+p.p.”表示主表示主语语所所处处的状的状态时态时是系表是系表结结构。构。(1)含含有有“by+宾宾语语”结结构构强强调调动动作作执执行行者者,此此时时为为被被动动语语态态。例例如:如:The window is broken.窗窗户户坏了。(系表坏了。(系表结结构
13、)构)The window is broken by me.窗窗户户是我打破的。(被是我打破的。(被动语态动语态)(2)句中有地点、句中有地点、频频率或率或时间时间状状语时语时,一般是被,一般是被动语态动语态。例如:。例如:The door was closed.门门是关着的。(系表是关着的。(系表结结构)构)The door was closed at 9:00.九点九点钟钟关的关的门门。(被。(被动语态动语态)(3)系表系表结结构中常用介构中常用介词词搭配,被搭配,被动语态动语态中没有介中没有介词词搭配。例如:搭配。例如:Were worried about the boy.我我们们担心那
14、个男孩。担心那个男孩。(4)系表系表结结构的构的过过去分去分词词可以被副可以被副词词修修饰饰。例如:。例如:Im really surprised at the news.我我对这对这个消息真的感到很惊个消息真的感到很惊讶讶。(5)系系表表结结构构通通常常只只有有一一般般现现在在时时和和一一般般过过去去时时,而而被被动动语语态态可可用用于多种于多种时态时态。单项选择单项选择1.(2012黔黔西西南南州州中中考考)A football match between class two and class three _ tomorrow afternoon.A.is held B.was held
15、C.must be held D.will be held【解解析析】选选D。由由时时间间状状语语tomorrow afternoon可可知知时时态态为为一一般般将将来来时时,再再由由主主语语A football match与与hold之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系可可知用被动语态,故选知用被动语态,故选D。2.(2012六六盘盘水水中中考考)Look at that sign.Smoking _ here.A.isnt allowed B.doesnt allowC.arent allowed D.dont allow【解解析析】选选A。句句意意:看看那那个个标标识识。这这儿儿不不准准吸吸
16、烟烟。smoking与与allow之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系,smoking是是动动名名词词,作作主主语语时时谓谓语语动动词用单数,故选词用单数,故选A。3.(2011重重庆庆中中考考)Im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year.A.plant B.plantedC.were planted D.are planted【解解析析】选选C。many trees与与plant之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系,故故用用被被动动语语态态,再再由由时时间间状状语语last year“去去年年”可可知知时时态态为为一一般般过过去去时
17、时,故选故选C。4.(2011济济南中考)南中考)Lets play computer games this evening.It _ good.A.sounds B.feels C.tastes D.smells【解解析析】选选A。考考查查feel、look、sound、smell、taste等等系系动动词词的的主主动动语语态态表表示示被被动动含含义义。句句意意:让让我我们们今今天天晚晚上上玩玩电电脑脑游戏吧!游戏吧!听起来好极了。故选听起来好极了。故选A。5.(2011宁宁波波中中考考)There was a big earthquake in Japan,but luckily many
18、 people _.A.save B.savedC.are saved D.were saved【解解析析】选选D。由由主主语语和和谓谓语语动动词词是是被被动动关关系系可可知知语语态态为为被被动动语语态态,再再由由“There was.”可可知知是是过过去去时时,因因此此用用一一般般过过去去时时的被动语态,故选的被动语态,故选D。6.(2011贵贵阳阳中中考考)Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September.A.will hold B.will be heldC.will be hol
19、d【解解析析】选选B。一一般般将将来来时时的的被被动动语语态态结结构构为为“will be+动动词词的过去分词的过去分词”。故选。故选B。7.(2011兰兰州州中中考考)In many places in China,the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government.A.is taking good careB.are taken good care ofC.is taking good care ofD.are taken good care【解解析析】选选B。句句意意:在在中中国国的的许许多多地地方方
20、,超超过过90岁岁的的老老人人不不仅仅被被他他们们的的家家人人好好好好照照顾顾着着,而而且且也也被被政政府府照照顾顾着着。the old“老老人人”,指指一一类类人人,作作主主语语时时谓谓语语动动词词用用复复数数形形式式,故故排排除除A、C,被被动动语语态态中中的的动动作作须须是是及及物物动动词词或或带带介介词词的的不不及及物物动动词词,故选故选B。8.(2011呼呼和和浩浩特特中中考考)At last the boy was made _ and began to laugh.A.stop crying B.to stop to cryC.to stop crying D.stop to c
21、ry【解解析析】选选C。句句意意:最最后后这这个个男男孩孩被被弄弄得得停停止止了了哭哭,开开始始笑笑了了。make,have,see 等等动动词词的的复复合合结结构构在在变变为为被被动动语语态态时时要要把主动语态中省略的把主动语态中省略的to还原;还原;stop doing“停止做停止做”。故选。故选C。9.(2012黄黄石石中中考考)You should have to stay behind if your homework _ before five oclock.A.isnt done B.wont be doneC.doesnt do D.wasnt done【解解析析】选选A。homework与与do之之间间存存在在被被动动关关系系,故故用用被被动动语语态态,再再由由if引引导导的的条条件件状状语语从从句句用用一一般般现现在在时时表表将将来来可可知知答答案案为为A。10.(2011长长沙中考)沙中考)May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,it _ by my sister just now.A.was broken B.is broken C.broke【解解析析】选选A。根根据据句句意意可可知知是是被被动动语语态态,又又因因时时间间状状语语为为just now,故选,故选A。