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1、外研必修五外研必修五-Module5-Grammar-状状语从句从句状语从句 What are“Adverbial Clauses”?在主从复合句中修饰主语中的在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句状语从句”。分类如下：。分类如下：状语从句状语从句1.时间时间状语从句状语从句2.地点地点状语从句状语从句3.原因原因状语从句状语从句4.条件条件状语从句状语从句5.让步让步状语从句状语从句6.目的目的状语从句状语从句7.结果结果状语从句状语从句8.方式方式状语从句状语从句9.比较比较状语从句状语从句1)常用连词如下：常用连词如下：as,wh
2、en,while,till/until,not till/until,before,since,after等。等。1.时间时间状语从句状语从句e.g.I wont know where he is until I get a letter from him.Till 只能用只能用于肯定句中，于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。句，也可以用于否定句。Its/will be+一段时间一段时间 before+一一般现在时般现在时 表示过了多久才表示过了多久才Its/will（not)be+一段时间一段时间 before+一般现在时一般现在时 表示没过多表示没过多久
3、就久就it s been+一段时间一段时间 since+一般一般过去时过去时 It will be a long time before we meet again.It has been 20 years since we first saw each other.2)一些表示时间的一些表示时间的名词词组名词词组也可引也可引导时间状语从句。如：导时间状语从句。如：the moment,the minute,（一（一就）就）next time（下次）（下次）,every/each time（每次）。（每次）。e.g.The moment he comes,I will tell him.3).
4、介词也可以引导状语从句。如介词也可以引导状语从句。如since,before,after。I would like to invite you to do several exercise before coming to our key points.4)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly 等副词也可引等副词也可引导状语从句。表示导状语从句。表示“一一就就”。As soon as I reach home,I will tell him the news.5)a.hardly when b.scarcely when/before c.no s
5、ooner than 都相当于都相当于as soon as，用以引导时间状语，用以引导时间状语从句。注意：当从句。注意：当 hardly,scarcely及及no sooner位于句首时位于句首时,从句中从句中的主谓要倒装。的主谓要倒装。e.g.No sooner had she gone than it happened.1.I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone.A.while B.afterC.In case D.the minute2.How long do you t
6、hink it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers?A.when B.untilC.before D.since3._ the day went on,the weather got worse.A.With B.since C.As D.While4.He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.while5.Hardly _ into the village _ it beg
7、an to rain.A.we had got;when B.we got;thanC.had we got;when D.did we get;than2.地点地点状语从句状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 where或或wherever(在任何地方在任何地方)引导。引导。e.g.a.Just stay where you are.b.Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.1.When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unc
8、lear to him.A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in which2.If you are travelling _ the customs are totally different from your own,you may feel a cultural shock.A.in the place B.whichC.in which D.where3.原因原因状语从句状语从句原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的或状态所发生的原因原因。引导这种从句。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：常用的连接词是：because,
9、since,as,for,now that 及及 considering等。等。e.g.He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f.He might be ill,for he didnt come to school.表示表示“直接直接”原因原因。表示表示“间接的推断间接的推断”原因原因.不可出现在句首。不可出现在句首。1.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_ this was a memory she especially treasu
10、red.A.as B.if C.when D.where2.Some people believe that _ oil is running out,the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.A./B.though C.for D.since4.条件条件状语从句状语从句 条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unles
11、s (除非除非),as/so long as(只要只要),on condition(只要只要),in case(假使假使),providing/provided(that),supposing（that）（假若，倘使），（假若，倘使），on condition that(条件是）条件是）等。等。e.g.a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time.b.We should serve the people as/so long as we live.1.We will be able to get there on time,_
12、our car doesnt break down on the road.A.as soon as B.as far asC.as long as D.as well as2.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.A.whether B.untilC.if D.unless3._ you have tried it,you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A.Unless B.BecauseC.Although D.W
13、hen4.The official soon realized that,_,things would get worse.unless dealt with properlyif not properly dealing with itunless properly dealt withif dealt not properly with5.让步让步状语从句状语从句在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：语引导：though,although,even if,even though,while,n
14、o matter who/,however，as等。等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。有时插在主句中间。1.Though/althoughThough/Although he was old,he worked hard.=He was old but he worked hard.注意一个典型的中国错误：注意一个典型的中国错误：though/although 切不可与切不可与but连用。连用。2.as谓语动词的倒装：Try as he would,he could not remember a word of it.(=No matter
15、how he would try)Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.Hate him as we may,we must admit his greatness.Try as you may,you will never succeed状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加加very,much等修饰语）等修饰语）Much as I admire him as a writer,I do not like him as a man.Much as he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy
16、 it.Hard as I studied,I could not catch up with them.表语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之表语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加前加very,much等修饰语）等修饰语）Child as he is,he know a lot.3.whilewhile引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导的让步状语从它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如：句只能前置，位于句首，如：While you may be right,I cant altogether agree.While I admit that the pr
17、oblems are difficult,I dont agree that they cannot be solved4.whetherorwhetheror引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：这种从句也称这种从句也称“选择条件选择条件-让步状语从句让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：，可位于主句之前或之后，如：Whether he drives or(whether he)flies,he will be here on time.Whether you like it or not,youll have to do it.Whether or not it rains,Im g
18、iving a party tomorrow.Whether it rains or snows,I will go tonight.She had to go,whether or not she wanted it.5.whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever由连接代词由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句：Whoever(=no matter who)is unwilling to go,I will go.(whoever 既相当于连接词短语既相当于连接词短语no matter
19、 连接主句连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词与从句，又相当于疑问代词who)Whomever(=no matter whom)you are dealing with,this method is no good.Whatever(=no matter what)happens,keep calm.Whichever(=no matter which)you choose,we have no objection.whatever 或或whichever由连接形容词由连接形容词whatever 或或whichever 引导的让引导的让步状语从句，如：步状语从句，如：Whatever(=no ma
20、tter what)difficulties may arise,we must and can overcome them one by one.(whatever 既相当于既相当于no matter 连连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰修饰名词名词difficulties。)Whichever(=no matter which)room is assigned to him,he will have no objection.Whichever method you use,the result is much the same.however
21、,wherever 或或whenever由连接副词由连接副词however,wherever 或或whenever 引引导的让步状语从句。导的让步状语从句。例如：例如：However(=no matter how)difficult the task may be,we will fulfil it on time.(however 既相当于既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰修饰 difficult。)Wherever(=no matter where)they went,they were warmly welcome
22、d.Whenever Im unhappy,he cheers me up.The dog follows me wherever I go.6.even though和和 though even though(=even if)引导的从引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使即使”、“纵然纵然”；Most of us ignore the food advice,even if/even though we know it to be true.1._ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like th
23、e person.A.While B.since C.Before D.Unless2.The workers are determined to go through with their railway project,_ the expenses have risen.A.as long as B.even thoughC.now that D.as though3._,he knows more than other children of his age.A.However young child he isB.Child as he isC.No matter how young
24、child isD.What a young child he is4.I really want the match,however much _.A.does it cost B.costs itC.will it cost D.it costs5._ we have finished the course,we shall start doing more revision work.A.For now B.Now thatC.By now D.until6._,the idea off having to work under a woman defeated him.A.Wantin
25、g the job very muchB.Although wanting the job badlyC.Though he wanted the job very muchD.He wanted the job badly6.目的状语从句目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that 用于正式文体中，所引用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。从句可于主句前或后。so thata.较常用，一般用于主句后较常用，一般用于主句后,有有时可分开，时可分开，so 有时可省有时可省;从句中从句中要有情态动词要有情态动词，否则，否则,就成为下就成为下一种句型：一种句
26、型：b.无无情态动词则引导情态动词则引导结果状语结果状语从句。从句。for fear that;in case;lest(以免以免)等。等。e.g.a.Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better.b.I shall write it down lest I should forget.注意：注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用用so as to do 或或 in order to do e.g.He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.H
27、e ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.7.结果状语从句结果状语从句结果结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由状语从句常位于主句之后，由so,so that,such that;so that 等引导。等引导。e.g.a.So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him.b.The bus broke down so that we had to walk home.c.He got to the station finally,only to find the train had
28、 left.8.方式状语从句方式状语从句描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as,just as,as if,as though,according to 等等。e.g.a.We must do as the Party tells us.b.Leave the things as they are.c.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.d.It sounds as if it is raining.9.比较状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句常
29、由下列词语引导：比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：as as,not so/as as,morethan,less than,the more+adj./adv.,the more+adj./adv.e.g.a.He is not so/as healthy as his brother.b.They jumped up and down as hard as they could.c.John is less clever than Peter.1.Roses need special care _ they can live through winter.A.because B.so that
30、C.even if D.as2.If things are left _ they are,the problems will never be settled,Im afraid.A.how B.as C.what D.where3.Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _ directed.A.like B.so C.which D.as4.I dare not go there _ my parents will see me.A.in c
31、ase of B.for fear ofC.in order that D.for fear that让步状语从句让步状语从句 让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管尽管”或或“即使即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说退一步说”的感觉。的感觉。使用的连词使用的连词引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,while,as;even if,even though;whether.or.;no matter+疑问词，
32、疑问词疑问词，疑问词-ever，regardless of+名词名词/名词短语名词短语/名词从句，名词从句，despite，in spite of。切记切记although不可与不可与but连用连用1.though,although表示表示“虽然，纵然虽然，纵然”之意之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，较常使用，although比比though正式，二者都可与正式，二者都可与yet,still或或nevertheless连用，但不能与连用，但不能与but连用。例如：连用。例如：Tho
33、ugh/Though he was worn out,(still)he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet)he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。用法：用法：值得注意的是，值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：可位于主句之前或主句之后。例
34、如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。2.2.as,though表示表示“虽然虽然但是但是”，“纵使纵使”。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不不可以这样用。可以这样用。Object as you may,I ll go(=T
35、hough/Although you may object,I ll go.)纵使你反对，我也要去。纵使你反对，我也要去。Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.(=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was,he knew what was theright thing to do.（=Though he was a child,he knew what was
36、 the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。Fast as you read,you can t finish the book so soon.纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。3 3.even if,even though 表示表示“即使即使”，“纵使纵使”这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常可互这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而从句含有强烈的假定性，而e
37、ven though引导让步引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。We ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor,she loves him.(=He may be poor,yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor,she
38、loves him.(=He is poor,yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。4.4.whether.or.表示表示“不论是否不论是否”，“不管是不管是还是还是”之意。之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。向或结果。You ll have to attend the ceremony whether you re free or busy.不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼
39、。Whether you believe it or not,it s true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。无论你是否相信，这都是真的。5.5.“no matter+疑问词疑问词 ”或或“疑问词疑问词-ever”的含的含义为义为“都都；不管；不管都都”，它们引，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。导的让步状语从句可以互换。No matter what happened,he would not mind.(=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的 No matter who you are,you m
40、ust keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。但但“no matter+疑问词疑问词 ”结构只能引导让步状语结构只能引导让步状语 从句而从句而“疑问词疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。还可以引导名词性从句。Whatever(=No matt er what)you say,I won t believe you.(Whatever 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。Ill eat whatever(no m
41、atter what)you give me.(whatever引导宾语从句引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就你给我吃什么，我就 吃什么。吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome.(Whoever 引导主语从句引导主语从句)不管谁来都受到欢迎。不管谁来都受到欢迎。此外，有时此外，有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：一般要位于句首。例如：While I like the color,I don t like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。Read the sent
42、ences and say which underlined clause is(a)time,(b)condition,or(c)concession.1.If you go into a school or university anywhere,the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.2.Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics,they will be w
43、earing Li Ning tracksuits.3.But even if he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport,Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.Keys:1 b 2 a 3 cas soon as before ever since until whenever while1.I want to stay _ the match has finished.2._he was a boy,Pele had a dream.3.Yao Ming
44、 scored _ the first minute had passed.4.The phone rang _ I was getting changed.5.It was clear who the winner would be _ the race started.6._ I see a volleyball match I want to join in!untilEver sincebeforewhileas soon asWhenever Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.Grammar 2:
45、the prepositions Example:I spoke to a girl who has brown eyes.I spoke to a girl with brown eyes.from in on witha girl _ a Li Ning tracksuit a journalist _ a national channel a child _blue eyesa young man _ a bikeinfromwithonRewrite the sentences with prepositional phrases.1.Did you see the boy whos
46、wearing the David Beckham shirt?2.A student who was wearing Nike trainers stood at the door.Did you see the boy in the David Beckham shirt?A student with Nike trainers on stood at the door.3.I dont know the girl whos got long hair and blue eyes.4.“Look at that boy.”“The one riding the motorbike?”“Lo
47、ok at that boy.”“The one on the motorbike”I dont know the girl with long hair and blue eyes.5.A man carrying a baseball bat walked into the room.6.An official who works at the ministry came to speak to us.A man with a baseball bat walked into the room.An official from the ministry came to speak to us.7.I was stopped by a man wearing a blue suit.8.Thats my friend whos a member of the local sports club.Thats my friend whos in the local sports club.I was stopped by a man in a blue suit.Homework Finish the grammar exercises in the Workbook.Goodbye!谢谢观赏谢谢观赏