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1、第 1 页 共 10 页 材材 料料 力力 学学 考考 试试 卷卷 课 程 名 称 考试学期 得分 适 用 专 业 48 学时 考 试 形 式 闭卷 考试时间长度 120 分钟 一、填空题(共一、填空题(共 7 7 小题小题,计,计 2020 分)分)1、图示桁架在给定荷载作用下的零力杆包括()。For the given loading,determine the zero-force members in the truss shown.(3分)2、材料力学对杆件的受力和变形进行研究时所作的基本假设有()、()、()和()。Enumerate the basic hypotheses as
2、sumed in the study of mechanics of materials.(4 分)3、三种材料的应力-应变曲线如图所示,从图中可以看出:()材料强度高,()材料刚度大,()材料塑性好。Based on the stress-strain curves for three material types shown,determine the one representing the highest strength limit,largest stiffness and best plastic performance,respectively.(3 分)密 封 线 学号 姓名
3、 第 2 页 共 10 页 4、图示销钉受轴向拉力P作用,则销钉内的剪切应力等于(),支承面上的挤压应力为()。Determine the shearing and bearing stress developed in the pin shown.(2 分)5、若将圆形截面杆的直径增加一倍,则杆的拉伸(压缩)刚度、扭转刚度和弯曲刚度分别变为原来的()、()和()倍。How many times will the tension/compression,torsion and bending rigidity of a circular cross-sectional bar become,r
4、espectively,if its diameter is doubled.(3分)6、用挠曲线近似微分方程()E IwMx 求解挠曲线时,适用的坐标系有哪些?()Determine the applicable coordinate system(s)of the bending deflection formula:()E IwMx .(2 分)第 3 页 共 10 页 (a)(b)(c)(d)7、圆形截面梁在横力弯曲状态下的弯曲切应力在()位置取最大值,该值为截面平均切应力的()倍。Determine the location of the largest bending shear
5、stress for a circular cross-sectional beam under transverse loading.How many times of this stress becomes when compared with the cross-sectional average.(3 分)第 4 页 共 10 页 二、试求图示屋顶桁架中杆CE、DE和DF中的内力,并指明是拉伸还是压缩。A Pratt roof truss is loaded as shown.Determine the force in members CE,DE and DF.State wheth
6、er each member is in tension or compression.(10 分)第 5 页 共 10 页 三、如图所示,杆 ABC 和 CDE 在 C 点铰接,并由四根连接杆 AG、BF、DI和 EH 支撑,试求图示荷载作用下这四根连接杆内的内力。Members ABC and CDE are pin-connected at C and supported by four links AG,BF,DI and EH.For the loading shown,determine the force in each link.(10 分)第 6 页 共 10 页 四、聚酯树
7、脂的拉压应力应变曲线如右图所示,左图中的刚性杆 AC 由该材料制成的杆 AB(直径 40 mm)和 CD(直径 80 mm)共同支撑,试求当 P=80 kN时刚性杆 AC 的倾斜角。The stress-stain diagram for a polyester resin is given in the figure.If the rigid beam AC is supported by a strut AB and post CD made from this material,determine the angle of tilt of the beam when P=80 kN.Th
8、e diameter of the strut is 40 mm and the diameter of the post is 80 mm.(10 分)第 7 页 共 10 页 五、一拉伸试件应力应变图的弹性部分如下图所示,已知试件测试前直径为 13 mm,标记长度为 50 mm,试求当轴向拉力 P=20 kN 时杆件的直径和标记长度,设试件材料的泊松系数为 0.4。The elastic portion of the stress-strain diagram for a steel alloy is shown in the figure.The specimen from which
9、it was obtained had an original diameter of 13 mm and a gauge length of 50 mm.If a load of P=20 kN is applied to the specimen,determine its diameter and gauge length.Take Poissons ratio as 0.4.(10 分)第 8 页 共 10 页 六、图示钢轴直径 50 mm,试求轴中最大扭转切应力,并作图表示扭转角随截面位置的变化函数关系。设钢轴剪切模量为 75 GPa。The steel shaft has a di
10、ameter of 50 mm and is subjected to the distributed and concentrated loadings shown.Determine the absolute maximum shear stress in the shaft and plot a graph of the angle of twist of the shaft versus x.The shear modulus G=75 GPa.(12 分)第 9 页 共 10 页 七、试求图示T形梁的剪力图、弯矩图和最大弯曲正应力。设截面尺寸 a=180 mm。The beam is
11、 subjected to the loading shown.If its cross-sectional dimension a=180 mm,determine the diagrams of shearing forces and bending moments,and the absolute maximum bending normal stress developed in the beam.(13 分)第 10 页 共 10 页 八、试求图示外伸梁截面 D 的挠度和截面 A 的转角,设EI为常数。For the beam and loading shown,determine the deflection at section D and the slope at section A.EI is constant.(15 分)