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1、智海专接本 阅卷师资 小班面授 批改作文 成绩保证认识英语句式一、 宾语从句that (引导主语、宾语、同位语和表语从句)Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. 而且,他不禁想到,如果发生意外,要是附近没船,通过无线电能联系到最近的人也是在885英哩处的一个小岛上。It is
2、 well known that many of our problems everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. 众所周知,我们的很多问题实际上是所有情况:从代沟到高离婚率到精神病至少部分原因是由于缺少相互交流。Educators report that the generation growing up with tel
3、evision can barely write an English sentence, even at the college level. 教育学家发现从小到大看电视长大的这一代人,即使大学水平,也几乎不会写通顺的英语句子。(真题解析)1. Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours. (D)( 2011年全国职称英语考试综合类A级)A spend B take C last D stand 2. Anderson left the table,remarking that he had some work to do . (B)
4、 ( 2011年全国职称英语考试综合类A级)A doubting B saying C thinking D knowing 3. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source. (A) ( 2011年全国职称英语考试综合类A级)A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged 4. The doctor said that I had to eliminate alcohol. (A) (2010河北职称英语考试理工类C级)A cu
5、t out B cut on C cut in D cut up 5. They assured us that _ was waiting for they were there to share it.(B)(1991年1月大学英语四级考试)A) whatB) whateverC) itD) whoever(B)6. Many people think that the standards of public _ have declined.(A)(1996年6月大学英语四级考试)A) moralityB) rightnessC) awarenessD) mentality7. _ I a
6、dmit that there are problems, I dont think that they cannot be solved.(D)(1996年6月大学英语四级考试)A) UnlessB) UntilC) AsD) While(D)8. By _ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.(D)(1997年6月大学英语四级考试)A) coarseB) rudeC) crudeD) rough(D)9. I could see that my w
7、ife was _ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not. (B)(1997年6月大学英语四级考试)A) adequate forB) intent onC) short ofD) deficient in(B)10. Parents have a legal _ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. (C)(1997年6月大学英语四级考试)A) impulseB) influenc
8、eC) obligationD) sympathy(C)11. Some people think that a _ translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation. (A)(1998年6月大学英语四级考试)A) literalB) literaryC) liberalD) linear(A)12. John said that he didnt quite _ and asked me to repeat what I had said. (C)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) s
9、natch upB) summon upC) catch onD) watch out(C)13. When he tried to make a _, he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention. (C)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) complaintB) claimC) reservationD) decision(C)14. The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _ the
10、consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported. (C)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)15. I think that I committed a _ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question. (A)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) blunderB) revengeC) reproachD) scandal(A)16. The town planning commission said that their fi
11、nancial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _.(B)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) efficiencyB) revenuesC) privilegesD) validity(B)17. The doctors dont _ that he will live much longer. (B)(2000年1月大学英语四级考试)A) articulateB) anticipateC) manifestD) monitor(B)18. His _ was telling him t
12、hat something was wrong. (A)(2000年1月大学英语四级考试)A) intuitionB) hypothesisC) inspirationD) sentiment(A)19. The suspect _ that he had not been in the neighbourhood at the time of the crime. (A)(2000年6月大学英语四级考试)A) advocatedB) allegedC) addressedD) announced(B)20. This clearly shows that crops and weeds ha
13、ve quite a number of _ in common. (A)(2006年12月大学英语四级考试)A) traitsB) tracesC) tracksD) trails(A)21. To label their produce as organic, farmers have to obtain a certificate showing that no _ chemicals have been used to kill pests on the farm for two years. (A)(2006年12月大学英语四级考试)A) toxicB) tragicC) nomin
14、alD) notorious(A)22. Researchers have found that happiness doesnt appear to be anyones; the capacity for joy is a _talent you develop largely for yourself. (C)(2006年12月大学英语四级考试)A) disposalB) domainC) heritageD) hostage(C)23. Psychologists suggest that children who are shy are more _ to develop depre
15、ssion and anxiety later in life. (C)(2006年12月大学英语四级考试)A) eligibleB) engagedC) proneD) prospective(C)24. _I knew him better, I discovered that my impression had been right. (B)(2002年全国成人高考)A. Which B. As C. Until D. Unless25. Henry never said that he was good at maths, _ he? (B)(2003年全国成人高考)A. wasB.
16、didC. didntD. wasnt二、 定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,两者均由关系代词或关系副词来引导修饰主句中作为先行词的一个名词、代词或整个句子。关系代词或关系副词除作引导词之外,还在从句中担任一定的语法成分。常见的关系词有:A. 关系代词:that, who, which, whose, whom, as,but等B. 关系副词:when, where, why,that,as等。1用关系代词引导。例如:There is no rule in the world but has exceptions. 世上凡有规则必有例外。There is no mother
17、 in the world but loves her own children.The meeting which was held at our university was a success.那次在我校开的会获得了成功。We all look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.我们都展望着科学工作者发现更多的宇宙秘密的那一天。There are some days that well spend visiting Hong Kong.注:1. 关系代词 who
18、, whom 用于先行词是人的后面;2. which 用于先行词是物的后面;that和 whose则两者均可。例如:They are the worker students that designed the new-type machine.他们是设计这种新机器的工人学员。The house, whose roof the roof of which was blown off, has been repaired. 屋顶被刮掉的房子已经修好了。3. 关系代词that, which, who(m) 在从句中作宾语常被省略掉。例如:This is the book (that/which) I
19、 bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。4. 关系代词that 在指人或物时,与which和 who(m) 同义,但当所修饰的先行词是all, little, much或与thing 构成的不定代词时;先行词被形容词最高级、序数词和only, last等修饰时,只能用关系代词 that而不能用关系代词 which 或who(m)。 (that也常被省略掉),例如:Thats all (that) I want to say. 我想说的就是这些.This is the only example (that) they know. 他们所知道的例子只有这一个。Is there
20、anything special that is needed by the experiment tomorrow?5用介词+关系代词引导。例如:Isnt he the man with whom you visited the exhibition yesterday?他不就是昨天和你一起去参观展览会的那个人吗?The world in which we live is in constant motion. 我们生活的世界处在不断的运动中。注:关系代词前的介词必须根据词的搭配关系而定,这种结构在意义上有时就相当于一个关系副词。如at/on/in/during + which=when;
21、at/in/+which=where; for + which=why。例如:The farm on which (where) I work is not far from here. 我工作的那个农场离这里不远。 The reason for which (why) he was late was that he missed the bus.他上课迟到的原因是他没赶上车。注:1.关系代词that 和who 引导的定语从句不能作介词的宾语,但当介词移到句子的末尾时,则可用who和 that,并可被省略掉。例如:This is the room where Luxun once lived.
22、This is the room that Luxun once lived in.This is the room in which Luxun once lived.This is the room Luxun once lived in.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。2. 用名词/代词+of + which / whom 引导。(此结构多于非限制性定语从句中表示部分与整体的关系)例如:Light is the fastest thing in the world, the speed of which is 300,000 kilometers per second.光是世界上传播最快的东西
23、,其速度每秒可达三十万公里。There are 30 desks in our classroom, most of which are new.我们教室里有30张桌子,其中大部分都是新的。3. 用介词 + which + 名词引导。例如:It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.日日夜夜在下雨,在这个时候这条船撞成了碎片。Both her husband and she had lost their jobs, in which case her whole family was
24、 forced to beg for a living. 二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和主句是一个整体,如把定语从句去掉后其句子所表达的意义不成立或者不清楚。因此,不能用逗号分开, 并且可以使用任何关系词。而非限制性定语从句和主句的关系较松散,它只是对所修饰的先行词起补充说明作用,常用逗号分开,并且,先行词指人时只能用关系代词 who 引导,先行词指物或整个句子时,只能用 which(as) ,不能用that。翻译时非限制性定语从句常译为一个独立的句子。例如:Man cannot live on the moon, where there is no air or
25、water.人不能在月球上生存,那里没有空气和水。I have sent her all the books, which have pictures in them.我已把所有的书籍都送给了她,这些书上有画。Both farmers and workers can not support the capitalist system, who are the very people cruelly exploited and oppressed by the capitalists.三、关系代词which和as区别1as作为关系代词常和the same, such, as many, as m
26、uch等连用,而 which 不可。例如:He is not the same as he was. 他和过去不同了。I hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我希望能得到一个象他正在用的那种工具。You may use as much money as you need. 你需要用多少钱就可以用多少钱。There are as many book as are needed. 凡是需要的书都有了。2虽然as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句都可以修饰整个句子,但which引导的定语从句只能位于句末,而as引导的定语从句置于句首、句中或句末都可。此
27、外,as也可用作关系副词。例如: As is often the case, we have overfulfilled the production plan. 象往常情况一样,我们又超额完成了生产计划。This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating.正如所料,这台机器已停止运转。He succeeded in performing the experiment, as we expected. She drove her father mad by various means, which made all of us v
28、ery angry.He answered with the same simplicity as he asked. 他回答问题和提问题都是同样的直率简洁。(真题示例)1. The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. (C) (2010河北职称英语考试理工类C级)A encouraged B enforcedC entitled D expected 2. Those who lie and cheat will never _ it.(C)(1991年1月大学英语四
29、级考试)A) get on withB) get back toC) get away withD) get off with(C)3. Julie is one of those women who always _ the latest fashions.(D)(1991年1月大学英语四级考试)A) look afterB) keep up withC) run forD) go in for(D)4. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very _.(B)(1991年1月大学英语四级考试)A)
30、 obscureB) upsettingC) distantD) inferior(A)5. Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, _ have been mentioned in previous pages. (D)(1991年6大学英语四级考试)A) a few of itB) a few of thatC) a few of themD) a few of which6. In sharp _ to John, who is frank. Henry is too sophisticated. (1992年1月
31、英语四级考试)A) conflictB) contrastC) comparisonD) contradiction()7. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given travelling _.(B)(1993年6月大学英语四级考试)A) incomeB) allowancesC) wagesD) pay(B)8. Louis was asked to _ the man who stole her purse.(D)(1993年6月大学英语四级考试)A) confirmB) recognizeC) claimD)
32、 identify(D)9. The bus that _ outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.(B)(1993年6月大学英语四级考试)A) held backB) pulled upC) got downD) set forth(B)10. Colin married my sister and I married his brother, _ makes Colin and me double in-laws.(B)(1996年6月大学英语四级考试)A) whatB) whichC) thatD) it(B)11. T
33、here are not many teachers who are strong _ of traditional methods in English teaching.(C)(1997年1月大学英语四级考试)A) sponsorsB) contributorsC) advocatesD) performers(C)12. The education _ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.(C)(1997年1月大学英语四级考试)A) allowanceB
34、) reservationC) budgetD) finance(C)13. Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really _ of the reality that they represent. (A)(1998年1月大学英语四级考试)A) reflectionsB) demonstrationsC) illuminationsD) reproductions(A)14. Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _ at many sur
35、vival skills. (A)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) proficientB) persistentC) consistentD) sufficient(A)15. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so _ that they can disappear at any moment. (D)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) trivialB) fatalC) tentativeD) feeble(D)16. The goal is to make higher education availa
36、ble to everyone who is willing and capable _ his financial situation. (C)(1999年1月大学英语四级考试)A) with respect toB) in accord withC) regardless ofD) in terms of(C)17. Online schools, which _ the needs of different people, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative. (C)(2006年6月大学英语四级考试)
37、A) stir upB) switch onC) cater toD) consent to(C)18. The parents of Lindsay, 13, an _ tennis player who spends eight hours a day on the court, admit that a regular school is not an option for their daughter. (C)(2006年6月大学英语四级考试)A) exoticB) equivalentC) eliteD) esthetic(C)19. The lady recently found
38、a brother who was thought _ ten years before. (D)(2001年河北专接本考试)A. being killed B. have been killed C. to be killed D. to have been killed20. Hes really a _ man, who always does unusual things. (C)(2003年河北专接本考试)A. considerableB. responsibleC. remarkableD. available21. He was in a traffic jam, _ made
39、him late for school. (B)(2003年河北专接本考试)A. that B. which C. whatD. how22. The university of Michigan, which was _ in 1817, is located in Ann Arbor. (C)(2005年河北专接本考试)A. foundB. findC. foundedD. being found23. The Yangtze is the longest river in China, _which some more bridges have been built in the pas
40、t few years. (D)(2005年河北专接本考试)A. ontoB. throughC. aboveD. over24. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. (D)(2007年河北专接本考试) A. of whom B. whom C. of whose C. whose25. He failed in his exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough. (D)(2008年河北专接本考试) A. that B. which he C. what
41、D. which三、 主语从句一般情况下由that引出,在句子中做主语。(真题示例)1. _ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.(D)(1993年6月大学英语四级考试)A) It is the sun and not the earthB) Being the sun and not the earthC) The sun and not the earthD) That the sun and not the earth(D)2. _ man mu
42、st fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun and Van Allen Belts. (A)(2001年河北专接本考试)A. WhatB. WhichC. HowD. That四、 同位语从句同位语从句的用法同位语从句是用来对其所修饰的词作进一步地说明。引导同位语从句的连接词在从句中不能被省略。常见的先行词有:idea, plan, fact, hope等。例如:He expressed the hope that he would come to China again. 他表示希望再来中国。The question w
43、ho will go has not been decided. 谁去的问题还未决定。5 避免关系代词和关系副词的误用 同样的关系词在从句中会担当不同语法成分。因此,在选择关系词时,应弄清以下几点。(1)代替先行词的关系词在从句中担当什么成分;(2)先行词表示的是人,是物还是地点、时间等;(3)所引导的从句是限制性的定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。例如:The reason which she gave was unacceptable. 她提出的理由是不能接受的。The reason why for which she did that was unacceptable. 他做那件事的理由是不
44、能接受的。We shall never forget the days whichthat we spent in the countryside.在农村度过的那些日子我们会永世不忘。We shall never forget the days when we had to depend on foreign oil. (真题示例)1. It is rather _ that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.(B)(1993年6月大学英语四级考试)A) misleadingB) embarra
45、ssingC) boringD) demanding(B)2. The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different _.(B)(1996年6月大学英语四级考试)A) performancesB) personalitiesC) qualitiesD) appearances(B)3. Your excuse that an elephant fell on you and made you late is just _.(C)(1996年6月大学英语四级考试)A) inevitableB) indispensableC) incredibleD) incurable(C)五、 表语从句从句在整个句子中作表语(真题示例)1. I am afraid that you have to alter your _ views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived. (C)(1999年6月大学英语四级考试)A) indifferent