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1、2023年青海美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The nurse has a client at 30 weeks gestation who has tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What should the nurse tell the client when she says that she wants to breast-feed
2、her neonate ？（）AEncourage breas-feeding so that she can get her rest and get healthier.BEncourage breast-feeding because it's healthier for the neonate.CEncourage breast-feeding to facilitate bonding.DDiscourage breast-feeding because HIV can be transmitted through breast milk.2.Which client has
3、 the highest risk of ovarian cancer ？（）A30-year-old woman taking oral contraceptive pills.B45-year-old woman who has never been pregnant.C40-year-old woman with three children.D36-year-old woman who had her first child at age 22.3.The nurse is providing postoperative care for a client recovering fro
4、m abdominal surgery. The client is receiving morphine through a client-controlled analgesia pump. Which finding would indicate that the client is obtaining adequate pain relief ？（）AAwakening several times during the night to redose.BRespiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute.CPain rating of 2 or 3 on a s
5、cale of 0 to 10.DComplaint of itching as an adverse effect of the analgesia.4.The nurse is caring for a client who underwent a total hip replacement. What should the nurse and other caregivers do to prevent dislocation of the new prosthesis ？（）AKeep the affected leg in a position of adduction.BUse m
6、easures other than turning to prevent pressure ulcers.CPrevent internal rotation of the affected leg.DKeep the hip flexed by placing pillows under the client's knee.5.The nurse is assessing a client who gave birth yesterday. Where should the nurse expect to find the top of the clients fundus ？（）
7、AOne fingerbreadth above the umbilicus.BOne fingerbreadth below the umbilicus.CAt the level of the umbilicus.DBelow the symphysis pubis.6.The nurse is giving instructions to a client who is going home with a cast on his leg. Which point is most critical ？（）AUsing crutches properly.BExercising joints
8、 above and below the cast, as ordered.CAvoiding walking on a leg cast without the physician's permission.DReporting signs of impaired circulation.7.A male client with a total hip replacement is progressing well and expects to be discharged tomorrow. On returning to bed after ambulating, he compl
9、ains of severe pain in the surgical wound. Which action should the nurse take ？（）AAssume he's anxious about discharge, and administer pain medication.BAssess the surgical site and affected extremity.CReassure the client that pain is a direct result of increased activity.DSuspect a wound infectio
10、n, and monitor the client's temperature and vital signs.8.In planning a presentation that advocates a decrease in the client-to-nurse ratio from 8:1 to 6:1, a nurse should emphasize its effect on （）.Ainstitutional resources.Bstandards of practice.Cclient-care quality.Dnursing recruitment.9.The n
11、urse is interviewing a 19-year-old female at a clinic. Its her first visit, and she says that she has been exposed to herpes by her boyfriend. Initially, with primary genital or type 2 herpes simplex, the nurse would expect the client to have （）.Aburning or tingling on the vulva, perineum, or vagina
12、.Bdysuria and urine retention.Cperineal ulcers and erosions.Dbilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy.10.The nurse is caring for a client infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Whats the major infection control measure to reduce MRSA and other nosocomial pathogens in a health ca
13、re setting ？（）AUsing antibacterial soap when bathing clients with MRS.BConducting culture surveys periodically.CEnsuring that personnel wash their hands before and after contact with every client.DUsing specific housekeeping practices for environmental cleaning.11.The nurse is providing care for a p
14、ostoperative client who has undergone a small bowel resection. The nurse may use an epidural catheter for which of the following ？（）AAntibiotic therapy.BPain management.CBlood transfusion.DAnticoagulation.12.A client has just finished his glucose tolerance test. How many hours should it take for his
15、 blood glucose level to return to normal ？（）A2 hours.B3 hours.C5 hours.D6 hours.13.The nurse is teaching a client who receives nitrates for the relief of chest pain. Which of the following instructions should the nurse emphasize ？（）ARepeat the dose of sublingual nitroglycerin every 15 minutes for th
16、ree doses.BStore the drug in a cool, well-lit place.CLie down or sit in a chair for 5 to 10 minutes after taking the drug.DRestrict alcohol intake to two drinks per day.14.The nurse is teaching a new group of mental health aides. The nurse should teach the aides that setting limits is most important
17、 for （）.Aa depressed client.Ba manic client.Ca suicidal client.Dan anxious client.15.The nurse is administering sublingual nitroglycerin to a client with chest pain. The nurse should place the medication （）.Ain the cheek.Bon the tip of the tongue.Cunder the tongue.Dunder the lower lid of the eye.16.
18、The physician orders IV fluid volume replacement with lactated Ringers solution at a rate of 75 mL/hour. Using an infusion set that provides 15 gtt/mL, the nurse should calculate the flow rate to be （）.A10 gtt/min.B12 gtt/min.C19 gtt/min.D75 gtt/min.17.A client is receiving chemotherapy for cancer.
19、The nurse reviews his laboratory report and notes that he has thrombocytopenia. To which nursing diagnosis should the nurse give the highest priority ？（）AActivity intolerance.BImpaired tissue integrity.CImpaired oral mucous membranes.DIneffective tissue perfusion (cerebral, cardiopulmonary, GI).18.A
20、 client hospitalized with pneumonia has thick, tenacious secretions. To help liquefy these secretions, the nurse should （）.Aturn the client every 2 hours.Belevate the head of the bed 30 degrees.Cencourage increased fluid intake.Dmaintain a cool room temperature.19.While auscultating heart sounds of
21、a client with heart failure, the nurse hears an extra heart sound immediately after the second heart sound (S2). The nurse should document this as （）.Aa first heart sound (S1).Ba third heart sound (S3).Ca fourth heart sound (S4).Da murmur.20.The nurse is caring for an elderly female with osteoporosi
22、s. When teaching the client, the nurse should include information about which major complication ？（）ABone fracture.BLoss of estrogen.CNegative calcium balance.DDowager's hump.21.A client in her 36th week of pregnancy is admitted to the hospital with vaginal bleeding. After undergoing an ultrason
23、ic scan, shes diagnosed with placenta previa. Which assessment finding would best confirm this diagnosis ？（）AA rigid abdomen.BA soft, nontender uterus.CPainful vaginal bleeding.DHypotension.22.A female client has just been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata (genital warts). What information is app
24、ropriate to tell this client ？（）AThis condition puts her at a higher risk for cervical cancer; therefore, she should have a Papanicolaou (Pap) test annually.BThe most common treatment is metronidazole (Flagyl), which should eradicate the problem within 7 to 10 days.CThe potential for transmission to
25、 her sexual partner will be eliminated if condoms are used every time they have sexual intercourse.DThe human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes condylomata aeuminata, can't be transmitted during oral sex.23.The nurse is providing home care to a client with failing vision due to macular degenera
26、tion. The nurse is concerned about the clients safety. Which of the following activities would help to lessen the clients risk of falling ？（）AArranging pieces of furniture close together so the client can use them for guidance and support.BEncouraging the client to wear a medical identification brac
27、elet that describes the client's visual deficit.CInstalling a flashing light to indicate when the phone or doorbell is ringing.DInstalling handrails in hallways, in bathrooms, and on steps.24.A 14-year-old female client in skeletal traction for treatment of a fractured femur is expected to be ho
28、spitalized for several weeks. When planning care, the nurse should take into account the clients need to achieve what developmental milestone ？（）AAutonomy.BInitiative.CIndustry.DIdentity.25.When inserting a urinary catheter, the nurse can facilitate the insertion by asking the client to （）.Ainitiate
29、 a stream of urine.Bbreathe deeply.Cturn to the side.Dhold the labia or shaft of penis.26.The nurse is assessing a client with possible osteoarthritis. The most significant risk factor for osteoarthritis is （）.Acongenital deformity.Bage.Ctrauma.Dobesity.27.The nurse is caring for a client admitted t
30、o the hospital with a bowel obstruction. The nurse should wear sterile gloves when （）.Ainserting an indwelling urinary catheter.Bgiving a back rub on intact skin.Cchanging an oxygen system.Dinserting an IV catheter.28.A client is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to control her hypertension. Her ser
31、um potassium level is 6 mEq/L. For this client, the nurses priority would be to assess her （）.Aneuromuscular function.Bbowel sounds.Crespiratory rate.Delectrocardiogram (ECG) results.29.A primigravida client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is in labor at term. In preparing her nursing
32、 care plan, the nurse should include which of the following nursing diagnoses ？（）ARisk for fetal or maternal injury related to the crisis of childbearing.BRisk for infection related to suppressed immune status.CRisk for deficient fluid volume related to dehydration.DRisk for fetal injury related to
33、uteroplacental insufficiency.30.A client has been prescribed 75 mg of amitriptyline (Elavil) at bedtime and 15 mg of phenelzine (Nardil) three times per day. Which nursing action takes priority ？（）ATeaching the client about the adverse effects.BCalling the physician and questioning the order.CInstit
34、uting dietary restrictions.DTaking baseline vital signs.31.A client with coronary artery disease reports intermittent chest pain that occurs with exertion. The physician prescribes sublingual nitroglycerin. When teaching the client about nitroglycerin administration, the nurse should include which i
35、nstruction ？（）ABe careful after taking nitroglycerin because it may cause dizziness.BMake sure you replace your nitroglycerin tablets every 6 months to ensure potency.CA burning sensation after taking nitroglycerin indicates medication potency.DWhen you experience chest pain, take one tablet every 3
36、0 minutes until the pain is relieved.32.The nurse is admitting a client with a suspected fluid imbalance. The most sensitive indicator of body fluid balance is （）.Adaily weight.Bserum sodium levels.Cmeasured intake and output.Dblood pressure.33.The nurse is caring for a client who has hemoconcentrat
37、ion after fluid loss. Which IV fluids would be the most appropriate fluid replacement therapy for this client ？（）ADistilled water.BDextrose 5% in water (D5W) only.CDSW with 40 mEq of potassium chloride.DDextrose 10% in saline.34.A clients blood glucose level is 45 mg/dL. The nurse should be alert fo
38、r which signs and symptoms ？（）AComa, anxiety, confusion, headache, and cool, moist skin.BKussmaul's respirations, dry skin, hypotension, and bradycardia.CPolyuria, polydipsia, hypotension, and hypernatremia.DPolyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss.35.A client is admitted for a suspecte
39、d eating disorder. Which of the following statements would indicate that the client may be suffering from anorexia nervosa ？（）AI've gained 3 pounds in the last month.BI eat loads of spinach and yellow vegetables each day.CI'm a perfectionist, and I work hard to get A's.DI binge frequentl
40、y in the morning and feel fat.36.An elderly client with Alzheimers disease begins supplemental tube feedings through a gastrostomy tube to provide adequate calorie intake. The nurse should be concerned most with the potential for （）.Ahypoglycemia.Bfluid volume excess.Caspiration.Dconstipation.37.The
41、 nurse is teaching parents how to reduce the spread of impetigo. The nurse should encourage parents to （）.Ateach children to cover mouths and noses when they sneeze.Bhave their children immunized against impetigo.Cteach children the importance of proper hand washing.Disolate the child with impetigo
42、from other members of the family.38.When reporting to the surgeon that a chest tube is malfunctioning, the nurse is ordered to reposition the tube and obtain a chest radiograph. The nurse should （）.Ainform the surgeon this isn't within her scope of practice.Breport the surgeon to the Ethics Comm
43、ittee.Creport the surgeon to the nursing supervisor.Dfollow the order as requested by the surgeon.39.Which one of the following clients is at the greatest risk for aspiration ？（）AA stroke client with dysarthria.BAn ambulatory client with Alzheimer's disease.CA 92-year-old client who needs help w
44、ith activities of daily living (ADLs).DA client with severe, deforming rheumatoid arthritis.40.A client with heart failure develops pink frothy sputum, coarse crackles, and restlessness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first ？（）ACheck the client's blood pressure.BPlace the c
45、lient in high Fowler's position.CCalculate the client's fluid balance.DNotify the physician.41.A woman in her 8th month of pregnancy is having dinner with her husband at their favorite restaurant. The woman suddenly chokes on a piece of chicken and appears to lose consciousness. What would b
46、e the best action by a nurse sitting at the next table ？（）AApply abdominal thrust.BApply chest thrust.CBegin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).DReposition the client on her side.42.The nurse is caring for four clients on a step-down intensive care unit. The client at the highest risk for developin
47、g nosocomial pneumonia is the one who （）.Ahas a respiratory infection.Bis intubated and on a ventilator.Chas pleural chest tubes.Dis receiving feedings through a jejunostomy tube.43.While evaluating the needs of a client during the second trimester, the nurse can anticipate which of the following ？（）AFeelings of disbelief and ambivalence.BFeelings of clumsiness and ugliness.CIncreasing introspection but a general sense of well-being.DAnxiety about the labor and delivery