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1、2023年宁夏留学英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following might be an example of an inhibitor mechanism already proven to operate in natureA(A) Preying mantis females cannibalize their mates, limiting p
2、opulation growth of their species.B(B) Beetles tend to collect in large groups, causing internecine battles between colonies.C(C) Sea turtles tend to avoid laying their eggs very close to one another, causing their progeny to distribute evenly throughout the ocean.D(D) Birds which settle upon the pe
3、ak of a mountain naturally tend to build nests together to achieve safety in numbers.E(E) Oysters tend to develop only to a certain size, due to the limiting effects of bacteria growth within their shells. 2.IMPROMPTU:A(A) deliberately unclearB(B) restrictiveC(C) thoroughly practicedD(D) universally
4、 acknowledgedE(E) innocently amusing 3.According to the passage, Leonard asserts that womens activities during the Civil War had all of the following positive effects EXCEPTA(A) They were lauded as aiding the war cause.B(B) They improved womens economic situation.C(C) They were considered proof of w
5、omens abilities to organize themselves.D(D) They created new occupational opportunities for women.E(E) They improved womens images of themselves. 4.FALLACY:A(A) legitimate line of reasoningB(B) unconfirmed viewC(C) creative thoughtD(D) unverified hypothesisE(E) individual belief 5.The main idea of t
6、he passage is thatA(A) explanations of the process by which higher organisms explain themselves have remained elusive until nowB(B) self-amplifying activation processes may one day explain most natural processesC(C) scientists have discovered the first proof of Turing patterns to higher organism com
7、munitiesD(D) explanations of how organisms organize themselves into patterns are no longer so elusive as they once wereE(E) activation processes are essential to the survival of many ant species 6.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passageA(A) The Influence of Elizabeth Leo
8、nard on Historians of Feminism in the Civil WarB(B) Leonards Explanation of How The Civil War Improved the Plight of WomenC(C) Feminism in the Civil War: New Controversy About an Old SubjectD(D) The Heritage of Benevolence: The Civil Wars Contribution to Womens Charitable OrganizationsE(E) Two Sets
9、of Values, One Cause: How Women Contributed to the War Effort 7.The author considers the example of the creation of ant cemeteries to be novel for which of the following reasonsA(A) Ant cemeteries exhibit elements of activation but not inhibition, a proposition formerly questioned by Turings theory.
10、B(B) Ant cemeteries exhibit Turing patterns in the absence of the predator-prey system.C(C) Ant cemeteries involve self-amplification activation, as opposed to amplification from outside sources.D(D) Ants are considered a higher organism, in which Turing patterns have never previously been establish
11、ed.E(E) Turings theory has only explained the distribution of ants across the ecosystem, until now. 8.SHALLOW:A(A) insightfulB(B) penitentC(C) conscientiousD(D) fidgetyE(E) random 9.It can be inferred that Leonard would most likely consider which of the following hypothetical cases of Civil War wome
12、n the LEAST supportive of her thesisA(A) A widow who patriotically refused to remarry, even after her soldier husband was killed in battleB(B) A woman who shifted from working as a seamstress to running an army uniform factoryC(C) A woman who dressed as a Southern soldier in order to cross enemy lin
13、es as a spyD(D) A woman who established a charity in order to collect money for prostheses for war amputeesE(E) A woman who gave public speeches on the necessity of conserving for the war effort 10.PRODIGALITY:A(A) penuryB(B) indifferenceC(C) submissivenessD(D) remorseE(E) treachery 11.The plaintiff
14、 could only recover payment for her services if there was evidence of an implied or express contract to_her for the work which she had done.A(A) sanctionB(B) congratulateC(C) remunerateD(D) promoteE(E) impeach 12.NARRATIVE: ANECDOTE:A(A) poem : rhapsodyB(B) performance : dramaC(C) play : skitD(D) tr
15、avesty : ridiculeE(E) prose : piece 13.SYCOPHANTIC : RESPECTFUL:A(A) dedicated : ethicalB(B) fanatical : enthusiasticC(C) scrupulous : fastidiousD(D) ostentatious : flashyE(E) scholastic: cultivated 14.Warm and diplomatic in manner, devoted to his wife and sons, Smith fits the stereotype of the_crit
16、ic in only one particular: he detests bad artists as much as bad art.A(A) philanthropicB(B) biliousC(C) unbiasedD(D) pacifisticE(E) irrelevant 15.CRUCIAL: PERTINENT:A(A) loathsome: impossibleB(B) false : vagueC(C) peculiar : tangentialD(D) conspicuous : perceptibleE(E) central : peripheral 16.SUPPLA
17、NT: REPLACE:A(A) taste: devourB(B) sacrifice : rebukeC(C) sue : arrestD(D) pilfer : embezzleE(E) beseech: request 17.The idea of_, whether the biblical version or the Enlightenments, is at bottom a tragic notion, for it implies that individual human choices count for nothing against the weight of_,
18、overwhelming protective force.A(A) godlessness a hereticB(B) providence an inexorableC(C) destiny a resentfulD(D) disaster a catastrophicE(E) fate a paternal 18.Creating a relatively simple model of the known ecosystem requires a tremendous amount of work even with_set of data at our disposal; creat
19、ing an accurate model for less well-understood ecosystems might well prove_pursuit.A(A) a comprehensive a quixoticB(B) an expansive a realisticC(C) a consequential a viableD(D) an unproven a feasibleE(E) an incomplete an impossible 19.New York City is full of people like Mr. ONeal-life-long biblioph
20、iles with a accumulation, holed up in compact spaces in the intimate company of thousands upon thousands upon thousands of books.A(A) distaste forB(B) tolerance towardC(C) prohibition againstD(D) proclivity forE(E) phobia of 20.It is intriguing that those two views are thought to be_; as a matter of
21、 fact, this opposition masks their inherent_.A(A) tangential obtusenessB(B) irreconcilable compatibilityC(C) choleric antagonismD(D) insupportable validityE(E) consistent plausibility 21.ATHLETE : STADIUM :A(A) aerodrome : planeB(B) gladiator : arenaC(C) nurse : hospitalD(D) representative : conclav
22、eE(E) ally : faction 22.IMPRUDENT: INDISCREET:A(A) judicious : discreteB(B) insolent: venerableC(C) churlish : sensitiveD(D) impeccable : faultlessE(E) industrious : indolent 23.SWAN: BIRD:A(A) branch: stalkB(B) lion: felineC(C) gale : downpourD(D) worm : butterflyE(E) tortoise : turtle 24.PAINTING
23、: GALLERY :A(A) ensemble : chamberB(B) genre : exhibitionC(C) chord : extemporizationD(D) symphony : auditoriumE(E) choir : rehearsal 25.POEM : METAPHOR:A(A) orchid : plantB(B) airplane : wingC(C) sonata : arpeggioD(D) gallery : paintersE(E) ballerina : drama 26.A fool, especially if he has the misf
24、ortune of knowing anything, should_it as well as he can.A(A) concealB(B) invalidateC(C) protectD(D) inspectE(E) improve 27.According to the passage, the fireball which emits the initial GRBs differs from the stage in which it produces aftershocks in thatA(A) the former lacks the accelerated velocity
25、 of the latterB(B) the former is easier to observe than the latterC(C) the former has higher photon density than the latterD(D) the former contains a greater number of positrons than the latterE(E) the former is in a state of expansion while the latter is in a state of contraction 28.ERUDITION:A(A)
26、naivetyB(B) forethoughtC(C) prosperityD(D) crudenessE(E) ignorance 29.Which of the following can be inferred as to the relationship between Ellisons work and political movements of his timeA(A) It had a positive effect, establishing an incisive critical black voice in a time dominated by white liter
27、ature.B(B) It contributed only a small positive effect, as it was not widely read by anyone outside the white literary establishment.C(C) Invisible Man served only a documentary function, as it chronicled a movement established long before the novel was published.D(D) Its ethereal and naive tone ten
28、ded to underplay the seriousness of the movement.E(E) It tended, through verbosity and excess symbolism, to restrict the publics perception of the basic effectiveness of the movement. 30.MOROSE:A(A) charismaticB(B) jocularC(C) glibD(D) cleverE(E) relaxed 31.SOLVENT:A(A) inert materialB(B) moisturize
29、rC(C) cleanserD(D) precipitantE(E) instigator 32.RAREFY:A(A) behaveB(B) perplexC(C) relegateD(D) condenseE(E) envision 33.AFFABLE:A(A) deviousB(B) defiantC(C) sappyD(D) irascibleE(E) vague 34.In terms of its tone and its form, the passage can best be characterized asA(A) a critical analysisB(B) a sp
30、eculative studyC(C) a dispassionate presentationD(D) an indignant denialE(E) a dogmatic explanation 35.It can be inferred from the passage that hypernovae are best at explaining which of the following questions faced by scientistsA(A) What are the consequences of GHBs sweeping up the external medium
31、 that surrounds black holesB(B) What role does compact-star coalescence play in the GHB phenomenonC(C) How do normal-duration GHBs come into existenceD(D) Of what does the matter leftover from the collapse of a star consistE(E) What sorts of GHBs are likely to be produced by the collapse of the Eart
32、hs sun 36.AVID:A(A) curiousB(B) apatheticC(C) rapidD(D) obliviousE(E) autonomous 37.ANOMALY:A(A) ongoing procedureB(B) impermanent answerC(C) simple dilemmaD(D) repeated interruptionE(E) regular happening 38.The passage suggests that the amount of time it takes to observe a gamma burst from a fireba
33、ll would be increased ifA(A) the fireball in question expanded at a greater rate than normalB(B) the fireball in question expanded at a slower rate than normalC(C) the fireball in question occupied less space than normalD(D) the fireball in question occupied more space than normalE(E) the fireball i
34、n question failed to sweep up surrounding gas clouds 39.The passage suggests that scientists consider their understanding of gamma-bursts to beA(A) incomplete because they still have yet to establish a taxonomy of the various types of GHBs they have observedB(B) adequate enough to redirect research
35、toward other more perplexing aspects of black holesC(C) unsurprising, given that scientists have long felt kinetic energy to play a role in the emergence of GHBsD(D) disappointing because the mechanism by which GHBs become visible is still poorly understoodE(E) in need of confirmation through compar
36、ison with another astronomical phenomenon that involves electromagnetic bursts 40.The discussion of the means by which GHBs escape black holes that is offered in the second paragraph suggests that which of the following must be assumed if the conclusions described in lines 3 - 5 are to he validly dr
37、awnA(A) The light emissions from GHBs always degrade from gamma rays to x-rays to visible light and, finally, to radio waves.B(B) Particles in GHBs include not only photons but electrons and their antimatter counterpart, positrons.C(C) The expansion of a fireball as it moves away from the black hole
38、 lowers photon density.D(D) Shock waves almost always form at the boundary between the fireball and the external medium.E(E) The timescale by which we witness astronomical phenomenon is always ruled by the principles of relativity. 41.The author is primarily concerned withA(A) criticizing Ellison on
39、 the basis of reactionary assumptions his work makes about politically-involved blacksB(B) exposing the limitations of Ellisons novel when compared with the actual work performed by black workers and activistsC(C) chronicling the effects Ellisons novel had upon the black activist movements of the 19
40、60sD(D) comparing Ellisons view of post-industrial black America with that of the activists working at the timeE(E) critically describing Ellisons approach as novelist to the task of ethical publicity 42.NEOLOGISM:A(A) exclusionB(B) deductive reasoningC(C) practice based on fatherhoodD(D) archaismE(
41、E) optimism 43.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passageA(A) Though the forces which influence GRBs are now established, scientists have yet to establish their cause.B(B) Scientists have now established the role that kinetic energy plays in the existence of GRBs.C(C) Certain
42、 aspects of GRBs have finally allowed scientists to link them to specific kinds of collapsed stars.D(D) Though still perplexed by the cause of GRBs, scientists have discovered how they manage to escape the gravity of black holes.E(E) Fireballs can transform explosive energy into observed radiation,
43、as had long been hypothesized. 44.TURBULENCE:A(A) genialityB(B) tranquilityC(C) resistanceD(D) mutualityE(E) reflection 45.It may be inferred from the passage that at the time Invisible Man was published, many blacks contributed more to American life than Ellison byA(A) establishing and arguing for
44、the implementation of social practices more affirmative than those found in Invisible ManB(B) eschewing the obligations that praise of Ellisons work entailed for him, and thereby working to subvert the literary systemC(C) supporting a vision of exceptional America in contrast to Ellisons unexceptional version, and broadening the scope of that visionD(D) putting the same theories of reform Ellison espoused in his book into concrete practice through activismE(E) exposing the more effective critique of traditional American values advanced by Ellisons literary precursors