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1、2023年北京博士考试考试模拟卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊) removed by-surgeons operating, via computer form New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure perform
2、ed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient.In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons con
3、trolled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc. that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week. The high-speed fiber-optic connect
4、ion between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon’s movements in New York and the return video (from Strasb
5、ourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time.France Telecom’s engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. l felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room, says Marescaux.The successful collaborat
6、ion (合作) among medicine, advanced technology, and telecomm unications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to contro
7、l surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remote
8、ly performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a third revolution in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部) and thorax (胸腔) do not have to be opened. Th
9、e second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms (计算法) enhance the safety of the surgeon’s movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natura
10、l to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating room-could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation（）A24 hoursB48 hoursCAbout a weekDAlmost a month2.This toothed whale has a large, sq
11、uare head with _ the so-called spermaceti.Acavity to containBcavity containingCthe cavity for containingDa cavity that contains 3.We have at present not any _ of the furniture as you required. A. mark B, inventory C. stock D. account 4.When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eig
12、hteen, Frank Anderson _ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.Atook toBtook upCtook onDtook in 5.Do you mind _ Go ahead. I dont mind.Aturning on the fanBI turn on the fanCif I turn on the fanDto turn on the fan 6.If profit and money are your first _, and commitment to p
13、eople your least concern, you have failed education.ApotentialityBpriorityCsuperiorityDresponsibility 7. 8.The great _ that have influenced the worlds thinkers came not from committees but from individuals who groped for the truth in independent research.AobeservationsBgeneralizationCmanifestationDc
14、atastrophes 9.From the passage, we can infer that big bang means_.Athe explosion happened billions of years ago, from a single point of nearly infinite energy destiny, which brought about the present universeBthe restructuring of the securities industry which took place in London during the late 198
15、0sCthe financial system reform that will happen in JapanDa thorough reform in the system of economy or politics etc 10.The vast _ area of this country enabled us to welcome the hordes of immigrants that flocked to our shores.AteemingBexploredCflourishingDundeveloped 11.The seminar, _ by the Nobel Pr
16、ize winner, probes the problem of wildlife extinction in African countries.AconvenedBacquaintedCincurredDhauled 12.They suggested that an agency be created to carry out the recommendation of the committee.AimplementBcomplimentCsupplementDcomplement 13.The farmer was horrified at the _ that he has du
17、g from under the field.AbrainBskeletonCnoseDchest 14.The returns in the short _ may be small, but over a number of years the in- vestment will be well repaid.AintervalBrangeCspanDterm 15.But, in our enthusiasm to discover our heritage, we are ruining the very scenery we go to en joy, damaging natura
18、l habitats, _ down footpaths, disturbing wildlife, polluting the air and drop ping litter.AwearingBtreadingCfallingDcutting 16.Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of _.AradiationBcancerCmicrowavesDhigh temperature 17.(Only if) (ten more) students register this after
19、noon (will another) pronunciation section (be opening).AOnly ifBten moreCwill anotherDbe opening 18.According to the passage, it is inferred that the evolution of living things may be characterized by _.Aits being a cumulative processBits control over the external worldCthe lasting limitations impos
20、ed upon themDits contribution the the safe survivability of life 19.The essence of belief is the establishment of _. Different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise.AloveBpracticeCtrustDcommitments 20.The essence of belief is the establishment of _. Dif
21、ferent beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise.AloveBpracticeCtrustDcommitments 21.Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong_on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.AmotivationBperspectiveCimpressionDimpact 2
22、2.The author mentions all of the following as requirements for slang expressions to be created except_.Anew situationsBinteraction among diverse groupsCa new generationDa number of linguists 23.In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainly on illustrations drawn fro
23、m _.Aexamples of the separation of mechanics and geometryBcase studies of lack of social communication between classesCtechnologyDhis concern with the plight of the laboring classes. 24.In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainly on illustrations drawn from _.Aexa
24、mples of the separation of mechanics and geometryBcase studies of lack of social communication between classesCtechnologyDhis concern with the plight of the laboring classes. 25.The problem is that most local authorities lack the _ to deal sensibly in this market.AanticipationBperceptionCprospectDex
25、pertise 26.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs _ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.ArendersBreckonsCregardsDrelates 27.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs _ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs
26、or the young birds.ArendersBreckonsCregardsDrelates 28.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and _ of their criticism or censure.Arunning shortBrunning outCrunning the gauntletDrunning ahead 29.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and _ of their criticism or censure.Arunning sho
27、rtBrunning outCnaming the gauntletDrunning ahead 30.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and _ of their criticism or censure.Arunning shortBrunning outCrunning the gauntletDrunning ahead 31.He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and _ of their criticism or censure.Arunning shortB
28、running outCrunning the gauntletDrunning ahead 32.Certainly man must_the future, and find ways of providing for his use.Alook toBlook upClook forDlook on 33.Detectives are rather cynical because _.Anine tenths of their work involves arresting peopleBhardly anyone tells them the truthCsociety does no
29、t punish criminals severely enoughDtoo many criminals escape from jail 34.The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.AlavishlyBeconomicallyCthriftilyDextrovertly 35.The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home h
30、e was reduced to a beggar.AlavishlyBeconomicallyCthriftilyDextrovertly 36.The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.AlavishlyBeconomicallyCthriftilyDextrovertly 37.The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home h
31、e was reduced to a beggar.AlavishlyBeconomicallyCthriftilyDextrovertly 38.The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.AlavishlyBeconomicallyCthriftilyDextrovertly 39. 40.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterio
32、ration in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCcontinuedDstrengthened 41.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCcontinuedDstrengthened 42.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deteriora
33、tion in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCcontinuedDstrengthened 43.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCconfirmedDstrengthened 44.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deteriorati
34、on in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCcontinuedDstrengthened 45.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterioration in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCcontinuedDstrengthened 46.Efforts to reach the injured men have been _ because of a sudden deterioration
35、 in weather conditions.AenforcedBintensifiedCconfirmedDstrengthened 47.Few people realize how rich that area is. It is a land of treasure _ treasure.Apiled onBderived fromCturned overDincreased by 48.We can surely _ all difficulties that may come up.Aget onBcome overCget overDcome across 49.The ille
36、gal workers are _.Ahard-working but costly.Blazy but cheap.Chard-working and ambitiousDhard-working and cheap. 50.Among humans, the effects of aging vary from one individual to another. The average life _ for Americans is around 75 years, almost twice what it was in the early 1900s.AspectrumBexpectationCexpectancyDwidth