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1、2023年职称英语考试模拟卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.China to Help Europe Develop GPS (全球定位系统) Rival 2. 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 BAn Observation and an Explanation/B It is worth looking at one or t
2、wo aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants
3、 in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep the
4、ir dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the le
5、ft side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mother
6、s body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor And in what way Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this famil
7、iar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on th
8、e right.We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 3. 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 B第一篇/B B High Stress May Damage Memory/B According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistentl
9、y high blood levels of cortisol dont score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The findings sugge
10、st that even cortisol levels in the normal, healthy range can actually accelerate brain aging. The study results now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, write Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the
11、 University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands ,which sit on top of the kidneys. Over a 5 to 6-year period ,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers ,most of whom
12、 were in their 70s. Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups, those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (i
13、ncreasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate). The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate m
14、emory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group. The researchers also found that the total, volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14 % lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, althoug
15、h there were no differences in other brain regions. The results suggest that . brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within, this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging, write Porter an
16、d Landfield. This further, suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus. The part of the brain important for a persons learning, and memory is Athe cortisol.Bthe adrenal glands.Cthe stress hormones.Dthe hippocampus. 4.B第三篇/B B Famous American Foods/B What, besides childre
17、n, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time Its chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says. From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on w ancient writers of Greece, Chi
18、na and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides extolled (赞美) its virtues. Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four-legged, animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧) in the Book
19、 of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish Were created on the fifth day, a day before four-legged animals. But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chickens real Or imagined curative (治愈的) powers
20、 comes from its color. Her new book, The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup, looks at the beloved and mysterious brew with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughout the ages, she said, There has been a lot of feeling that white-colored foods are easier to eat or the weak-woman and the ill. In
21、addition, soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon are considered comfort foods Sheraton said. I love soup and love making soup and as ! Was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish. It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder, Sheraton s
22、aid from her New York home. Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it Was brand new. The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatil
23、e, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in fat.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage AProminent American Foods.BHistory of the Chicken Soup.CChicken Soup Recipes.DChicken Soup, a Universal Cure All. 5.B第二篇/B BProlonging Human Life/B Prolonging human
24、life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago, Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an in- crease in birt
25、hrates, that has 1ed to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖) load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent of the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who c
26、ould not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved (使挨饿), whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep
27、people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to works we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must
28、support them. In the United States, many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged (中年) peoples unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welf
29、are (福利) if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household w
30、orking or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While
31、 a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.The writer believes that the population explosion results from Aan increase in birthrates.Bthe industrial development.Ca decreas
32、e in death rates.Dcultural advances. 6. 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 BMigrant workers/B In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.U (51) /Usome newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local peo
33、ple, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,U (52) /Uincreased oil incomes have enabled many countries toU (53) /Uoutsiders to improve local facilities.U (54) /Uthe Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the U. s. A. and Europe. It ha
34、s brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,U (55) /U South Korea and Japan. In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, it is notU (56) /Uthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastU (57)
35、 /U money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them. Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating ad
36、vantage.U (58) /U, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each otherU (59) /Usafety and comfort.U (60) /U, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlyU (61) /U the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and
37、full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsU (62) /Uproblems rather than do routine work in their home country. One major problem whichU (63) /Umigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. They are nearly always o
38、n contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.U (64) /U, migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of theU (65) /Ufinancial benefits whic
39、h they receive. AAsBSinceCWhileDAlthough 7. 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 BAn Observation and an Explanation/B It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning r
40、equire little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the sig
41、nificance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. Tru
42、e, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-ha
43、nded mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor And in what way Thinking alo
44、ng these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been bor
45、n into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep t
46、he right arm free. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 8.B第二篇/B BProlonging Human Life/B Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago, Because more people live longer, there are
47、 more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an in- crease in birthrates, that has 1ed to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖) load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent of the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.