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1、.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。Unit 3 Computers 话题诵读 日积月累 导语 随着互联网的影响力和覆盖率的不断扩大，互联网新词也层出不穷。互联网新词在年轻人中流传极广，它们俏皮、逗趣还很接地气。但其中也有一些新词造词风格不高，品位低俗，却被媒体和网友们广泛使用。这种污染网络环境的用语，终究是要被淘汰的。Online Rudeness Internet jargon，or“netspeak，is popular among young people.It can be fun，convenient and，sometimes，vulgar.That vulgarity c
2、ame under fire in a new official report.On Oct 15，the Ministry of Education released a Chinese language report for 2021.While affirming the positive role of some netspeak catchwords，the report also called for the regulation of the offensive Internet lingo.According to the report，words like diaosi，or
3、 loser，epitomize the rude netspeak that has blanketed the Internet.Even some media outlets are using these words，said the report.“These vulgar words amplify the negative emotions of some Web users and pollute the online community，said an opinion piece by Xinhua.Behind every trend lies a social or ps
4、ychological need，though.The popularity of the vulgar Internet lingo results from a tendency that the use of these vulgar words is seen as a means of entertainment，the Workers Daily pointed out.Not all netspeak catchwords are bad.Lots of them enrich and enliven our language，noted the Workers Daily.Wi
5、th the rapid development of the Internet，imaginative Web users created netspeak that is positive and inspiring，such as dianzan or“thumbsup，said Xinhua.These words even entered official speeches.“I would like to give a thumbsup to all our great people，said President Xi Jinping during his New Year gre
6、etings for 2021.Some netspeak words were born out of social events，mirroring the pulse of society.The catchphrase najiaqiang，which means“which one is the best，is one example.In September 2021，a group scuffle involving a Shandongbased technical school made national headlines.Najiaqiang instantly beca
7、me a hit after Web users rushed to change the schools catchy slogan from“Which school teaches the best digger operating skills？，to“Which school is the best for group scuffle？The word najiaqiang may be just a harmless joke，but vulgar netspeak can really harm society.Fighting it requires the efforts o
8、f both authorities and individual Web users，said Xinhua.词海拾贝 1jargon n行话 2vulgar adj.粗俗的 3offensive adj.无礼的，令人不快的 4epitomize v集中表达 5amplify v扩大，放大 6scuffle n混战.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。问题思考 1Which of the following has the same meaning with netspeak in the passage?ACatchwords.BLanguage.CInternet jargon.DV
9、ulgar words.答案：C 2What do you think of the rude netspeak？Discuss with your classmates.(不提供答案)自主预习 步步提高 词汇识记.将单词与其正确释义配对 1calculate A简化 2universal B完全地；整个地 3simplify C普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 4logical D真实；事实；现实 5technology E人造的；假的 6artificial F探索；探测；探究 7intelligent G解决；解答 8solve H工艺；科技；技术 9reality I合逻辑的；合情理的 10to
10、tally J计算 11application K智能的；聪明的 12explore L应用；用途；申请 答案：10B .根据所给汉语提示写出单词 1_n目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 2_v&n.发信号；信号 3_v&n.类型；打字 4_vi.出现；发生 5_adj.电子的 答案：.根据语境及首字母写出正确的单词 1With his hard work，he finally achieved his life g_ 2No matter how far it is，Ill go there a_ 3The best way to escape a problem is to s_ it.4H
11、_lies in giving help to others.5Let me c_the t_cost of the journey.6He reduced his needs to the minimum by s_his life.7With the help of the o_，I finally got through to the professor.8His a_for the job was finally accepted by the company.9As an explorer，he wants to e_the desert alone.10In his p_opini
12、on，he should live an active life to make his life meaningful.答案：.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。5calculate total 8application .选用短语的适当形式完成句子 from then on；as a result；so.that；go by；in a way；in common；compare.with；with the help of；watch over；deal with 1Hardly a day _ when I dont think about her.2_ with many moth
13、ers，she feels torn between her family and her work.3We were separated after the film，and _，I never saw her again.4_ our small apartment，our uncles house seemed like a palace.5_，it was one of our biggest mistakes.6She is used to _ all kinds of people in her job.7The construction work has to stop _ of
14、 the heavy rain.8All the villagers were moved to safety _ the PLA men.9They took turns to _ the children.10_ fat was he _ he couldnt go through the door.答案：1.goes by 2.In common 3.from then on 4Compared with 5.In a way 6.dealing with 7as a result 8.with the help of 9.watch over 10So that 语篇理解 课文表层理解
15、.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)1Although the computer was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，it could not“think logically.()2First as a laptop and then as a PC，the computer has been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.()3The computers memory was first stored on transistors，then in tubes and
16、 later on very small chips.()4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for the computer.()5The use of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.()答案：.读课文，答复以下问题 1In what order is this passage arranged?In the order of _.2Who is the speaker“I in the passage?_ 3How do y
17、ou think this article is written in the first person?_ 4Fill in the blank with the words from the second paragraph.The computers shape was greatly changed _ the memory stored in smaller and smaller space.5Why do“I feel very happy now according to the last paragraph?_ 答案：2.A computer.3.It can make th
18、e article more effective to understand and attract the readers.4.as a result of 5.Because“I am a helper and devoted.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。friend of the human race.根据课文内容完成下表 1642 1822 The 2._machine was built by Charles Babbage e 1936 1940s Because information can be stored in tubes,or on 5，computers
19、became smaller 1960s The first family 1970s now Computers 10._people all over the world together 答案：cted 10connect 课文深层理解 .读课文，完成以下各题 1What is the main idea of the passage?The passage is a short _ of the _ of computers.2Find out the key sentence of each paragraph：_ _ _ 答案：development 2Over time I ha
20、ve been changed quite a lot.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.仔细阅读课文，选择最正确选项 1What is the oldest calculator in the world?ACalculator.BAbacus.CPC.2What might you usually use to add many numbers up in an exam?APC.BHuge
21、 computer.CCalculator.3In our daily life，which is widely used to deal with a large amount of information?ARobot.BLaptop.CAbacus.4What do you think of the future computers?ASmaller and smarter.BLarger and faster.CSmaller but slower.5If you want to send a long letter to your friend，the best way is _ A
22、by telephone Bby plane Cby email 答案：.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语 1I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。_ 2By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger._ 3As time wen
23、t by，I was made smaller._ 4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me._ 5Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality._ 答案：1.我开展非常缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。2到 20 世纪 40 年代，我已经有一个房间那么大，我想知道我是否会变得更大。3随着时间的推移，我被制作得越来越小了。4自从 20 世纪 70 年代开场，人们发现了我的许多新用途。5不管怎样，我的目标
24、是给人们提供高质量的生活。知识聚焦 讲练互动 要点直击 1have.in common 有共同点；共享(教材原句 P17)In pairs discuss what they have in common.两人一组，讨论一下它们有什么一样之处。归纳拓展 have sth in common(with sb)(和某人)有共同之处 have nothing in common 无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处 have a lot in common 有很多共同之处 in common with sb 和某人一样(1)Mandy and Tom seem to
25、 have a lot in common.曼蒂和汤姆似乎有很多共同的地方。(2)He has something in common with you.他有些地方和你很像。(3)_ many young people，he likes pop music，too.和许多年轻人一样，他也喜欢流行音乐。(4)Although they are brothers，they have _ 虽然他们是亲兄弟，但没有什么共同之处。答案：(3)In common with(4)nothing in common 即学即练 根据语境用 common 的相关短语完成句子。(1)But there might
26、be other things they shared in common _us.(2)To my surprise，the twins have _ in common with each other.答案：(1)with(2)nothing 2calculate vt.计算；核算；预测；推测(教材原句 P18)I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.1642 年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。归纳拓展 calculate on 指望；依靠 calculate on sb/sth doin
27、g sth 期待某人/某物会 be calculated to do sth 打算或方案做某事 It(is)has been calculated that.据估算 calculation n计算；推断；估计 calculator n计算器(1)We _ having fine weather for the sports meeting.我们指望有好天气开运动会。(2)This advertisement _ the attention of housewives.这那么广告的目的在于吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。答案：(1)calculate on(2)is calculated to attr
28、act 语境串记 The calculator is a machine which can help us do a lot of calculations.计算器是能帮我们做很多计算的机器。即学即练 用 calculate 的适当形式填空。(1)We have to use a _ to help us.(2)It _ that more than thirty thousand people were invited by them.答案：(1)calculator(2)has been calculated 3solve vt.解答；解决(教材原句 P18)In 1936 my rea
29、l father，Alan Turning，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a“universal machine to solve any difficult mathematical problem.在 1936 年，我真正的父亲，艾伦图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器来解决任何数学难题。归纳拓展 solution n解决方法；处理手段 a solution to sth的解决方法(1)I think this problem is not difficult _ 我认为这个问题不难解决。(2)Theres
30、 no easy solution to this problem.解决这个问题没有容易的方法。(3)It may take a long time to find _ the problem.要找到解决这个问题的方法也许要花很长时间。答案：(1)to solve(3)a solution to【巧学妙记】英语中有些名词常与介词 to 连用，可用以下口诀巧记这些名词：钥匙答案解决方法，出口入口桥与路，参观介绍纪念碑。对应的词：key，answer，solution，exit，entrance，bridge，way，visit，introduction，monument。易混辨析 solve/s
31、ettle 易混词 区别.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。solve 表示“解决，侧重于给出一个答案。Attempts are being made by us to solve the problem of waste disposal.我们正在想方法解决废物处理的问题。settle 表示“解决，其对象通常是某种争端。常见搭配：settle a dispute/an argument/a matter 解决争端/争论/事情 There is only one way to settle the dispute between the two countries about the b
32、order.只有一种方法去解决两国间的边界争端。即学即练(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。There are no simple _(solve)to the problem.(2)选词填空：solve/settle。Its difficult for me to _ the problem.Lets turn to our teacher for help.Its impossible to _ the argument between them.They have been enemies for many years.答案：(1)solutions(2)solve settle 4as a
33、result 结果(单独使用，其后不接宾语，可以位于句首或句中)(教材原句 P18)As a result I totally changed my shape.结果我的形状完全改变了。归纳拓展 as a result of 作为的结果 with the result that 结果是 result from 由造成；因而产生 result in 引起(某种结果)；使获得(某种成果)；结果，we have to water the vegetable garden.这儿夏天不常下雨，因此，我们不得不给菜园浇水。(2)_ the pilots strike，all flights have ha
34、d to be cancelled.由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。(3)Sara wasnt at school last week，with the result that she missed an important test.萨拉上星期没上学，结果错过了一次重要考试。(4)Acting before thinking always _ failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。(5)His success _ his hard work.他的成功是他努力工作的结果。答案：(1)As a result(2)As a result of(4)results in(5)results
35、 from 即学即练 用适当的介词填空。(1)He studied hard，and _ a result，he passed the exam.(2)The flight was delayed as a result _ fog.(3)Nothing has resulted _ my efforts.答案：(1)as(2)of(3)from 5application n应用；用途；申请.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。(教材原句 P18)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.从 20 世纪 70
36、年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。归纳拓展 have a wide application in.在中得到广泛应用 make an application(to sb for sth)(向)申请(某物)(1)I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly consider my application.如果你能考虑我的申请，我会很感谢的。(2)The touch panel technology _ IT industry.触摸屏技术在信息工业上得到广泛应用。归纳拓展 apply for 申请 apply to 适用于；向申请 apply.
37、to.将应用于 apply oneself/ones mind to 专心于(to 为介词)(3)The new technology _ farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。(4)What I have said only _ some of you.我所说的只适用于你们当中的一局部人。答案：(2)has a wide application in(3)was applied to(4)applies to 即学即练 单句语法填空。(1)Why didnt you _(application)for the job?I was going to，but my friend offered
38、 me a better one.(2)We received 400 _(apply)for the job.(3)The poor man has made _ application to the court.答案：(1)apply(2)applications(3)an 6anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此(教材原句 P18)Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。巧记 any(任何的)how(怎样的)anyhow，任何怎样都行，就是“不管怎样。(1
39、)Anyhow/Anyway，you should have told him about all the facts of the matter.不管怎样，你应该把这件事的真相都告诉他。(2)_，we must finish the work today.无论如何，今天我们必须完成这项工作。(3)This idea probably wont work，but lets try it anyway.这种想法可能行不通，不过咱们可以试试。答案：(2)Anyhow/Anyway.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。易混辨析 anyhow/somehow 易混词 区别 anyhow 表示“随便
40、地；无论如何，反正；不管怎样。Anyhow，lets try again.不管怎样，我们再试一次吧。somehow 表示“以某种方式；或者不知为什么。常用 somehow or other 形式。Somehow we lost our way.不知怎么的，我们迷路了。Somehow or other，the baby burst into tears.那个婴儿不知为什么大哭起来了。即学即练 选词填空：somehow/anyhow。(1)_ or other I was able to solve the problem myself.(2)It may rain，but _ I shall g
41、o out.答案：(1)Somehow(2)anyhow 7signal v(发)信号；示意(教材原句 P23)For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.例如，当我无人防守，可以好好射一个球的时候，我已学会用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。(1)n.信号 归纳拓展 traffic signals 交通信号 a danger/warning signal a
42、signal of danger/warning 危险/警告信号 make/give a signal 发信号 A red light is a signal of danger，which is even known to a fiveyearold child.红灯是危险的信号，这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。She _ with her arm for a left turn.她用胳膊做了一个左转的手势。(2)vi.&vt.发信号 归纳拓展 signal to sb 向某人示意或发信号 signal(to)sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal(to)sb that.(向)发
43、送信号说 The diner _ the waiters _ the menu.用餐者示意效劳员把菜单拿来。She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。答案：made a signal signaled(to)to bring【助记】.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。信号 发信号 易混辨析 signal/symbol/sign/mark 易混词 区别 signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号，还可指信号灯 symbol 表示“象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物 sign 指人们
44、公认的事物的记号，也可指“征兆，迹象 mark 既可指为方便识别而有意做的“标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征 即学即练(1)选词填空：signal/symbol/sign/mark。Sir，you are forbidden not to walk your pet on the lawn.Dont you see the _“Keep off the grass？The sportsmen are all ready，waiting for the _ to start running.He made some _ in the article where necessary
45、.A white dove is often used as a _ of peace.(2)用所给词的正确形式填空。She was _(signal)to the children _(stay)outside.答案：(1)sign signal marks symbol(2)signaling to stay 8in a way(in one way/in some way)在某种程度上(教材原句 P23)In a way our programmer is like our coach.从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就好比是我们的教练。归纳拓展 in the/ones way 挡道；阻碍
46、in this way 以这种方法 in no way 决不(置于句首时句子用局部倒装)by way of 经由；通过方式 by the way 顺便提一下；另外(1)In a way，his English has been improved.从某种程度上来说，他的英语已有了进步。(2)In one way，I agree with you about your estimate of the situation.在某种程度上我同意你对形势的估计。(3)Her social life got in the way of her studies.她的社会活动阻碍了她的学习。.下载后可自行编辑修
47、改，页脚下载后可删除。(4)_ can theory be separated from practice.理论决不能脱离实践。答案：(4)In no way 即学即练 根据句意用 way 的相关短语完成句子。(1)In _ way am I responsible for what has happened.(2)Dont stand in _ way.(3)I was left alone in the company.I sort of(有几分)liked it，in _ way.(4)Only _ this way can you succeed.(5)The company is s
48、o far away from my dorm that I have to spend much time _ the way.答案：(1)no(2)the(3)a(4)in(5)on 9arise vi.出现；发生(教材原句 P23)Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.然后她把我在新情况下可能用得上的可靠动作也编制出程序。归纳拓展 arise from/out of由引起，由造成 (1)A new difficulty has arisen.新的困难出现了。(2)Accidents _ care
49、lessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。答案：(2)arise from 易混辨析 arise/rise/raise 易混词 区别 arise(arose，arisen)意为“产生，出现；引起；起床。用作不及物动词。A good idea arose in his mind.他想出了一个好主意。rise(rose，risen)意为“上升；增加；升起；起床；起源；起立。多指不受人为影响而自然上升，用作不及物动词。Prices have risen again.价格又上涨了。raise(raised，raised)意为“养育；举起；种植；筹募；提及；引起；导致。用作及物动词，后面接宾语，可
50、以用于被动语态。Many shops have raised their prices.许多商店都提高了他们(商品)的价格。即学即练(1)选词填空：arise/rise/raise。New difficulties will _ from such a situation.She _ her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.The price of wheat has _(has been _)since last summer.(2)单句语法填空。.下载后可自行编辑修改，页脚下载后可删除。Unexpected difficulties _(a