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1、Skimming&ScanningSkimming&ScanningDiggingDiggingWarming uWarming up pFurther readingFurther reading Culture pointsCulture pointsWarming upWarming upHigh school studentsI recite 100 words a day!I forget 100 words a day!I shoot at the basket 100 a day!Aching for playing basketball!I get thinner and th
2、inner even though eating fish or fowl everyday!I do running less than 100m/day!Aching for playing computers!I put on weight even though eating vegetables!1.Listen to a conversation and try to understand the different life styles between high school students and college students.College students2.Gro
3、up discussion and class reportGroup 1:What is the hardest thing about moving from school to college?Group 2:What is the most enjoyable thing about college life?Group 3:What new skills do you have to learn as a college student?The whole class form 3 groups and each group will discuss the following th
4、ree topics respectively and make a report.What is the hardest thing about moving from school to college?Hard to organize study and leisure time Washing clothes and quilt by myselfMissing parents Difficult to make good friendsInconvenient to live with other roommatesUnable to be No.1 in learningUnabl
5、e to be popular among classmatesWhat is the most enjoyable thing about college life?Getting to know more friendsWay of life changedEnjoying independence and freedomLoving campus atmosphereHorizon broadenedWhich skills are most difficult to acquire?Thinking creativelyOrganizing study and leisure time
6、Presenting opinions publiclyCommunicating with othersTaking notes/grasping focuses of subjectsDoing research and writing essays Check()the things you found hardest when you arrived at collegeWarming upWarming upNow read the passage and check your answer.1 understanding lectures 2 writing essays on t
7、ime 3 organizing your time 4 doing all the reading 5 discussing work with other studentsTaskTaskBrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 12.Skimming&ScanningSkimming&ScanningDecide in which section of the passage you can find t
8、he information about the following skills.1 how to read2 discovering what sort of learner you are3 planning to write4 how to listen and take notes Answer:Doing researchSkimming&ScanningSkimming&Scanning Answer:Learning style Answer:Writing essays Answer:Lectures and note-takingChoose the best answer
9、 to the questions.1 What is one of the biggest problems facing new students?(a)How to make new friends.(b)The fact that they are not free to do what they want.(c)The need to organize their time.(d)The difficulty of subjects studied at university.Answer:(c)Skimming&ScanningSkimming&Scanning2 What is
10、the mark of a good lecturer?(a)They include jokes in their lectures.(b)They dont give you too much information.(c)They encourage discussion and critical thinking.(d)They give handouts so you dont need to take notes.Answer:(c)Skimming&ScanningSkimming&Scanning3 Which learning type is likely to spend
11、a lot of time discussing with other students?(a)The activist.(b)The reflector.(c)The theorist.(d)The pragmatist.Answer:(a)Skimming&ScanningSkimming&Scanning4 Which learning type is likely to spend a lot of time in the library?(a)The activist.(b)The reflector.(c)The theorist.(d)The pragmatist.Answer:
12、(b)Skimming&Scanning5 What advice does the writer give about doing successful research?(a)Read everything very carefully.(b)Dont worry about trying to remember everything you read.(c)Read as many textbooks and articles as you can.(d)Use different styles of reading for different types of reading mate
13、rial.Answer:(d)Skimming&Scanning6 Whats the first thing you should do when writing an essay?(a)Make sure you understand the title.(b)Plan your writing.(c)Think about the conclusion.(d)List the main points you are going to develop.Answer:(a)Skimming&Scanning1 Like everyone else,students have their fa
14、ir share of problems.Getting to know a new environment,forming relationships with other students,and surviving on limited financial resources are all typical problems.But one of the greatest challenges you may have to face at university is the direct result of a new-found freedom.Nobody is going to
15、make you get up in the morning or force you to attend lectures.Your learning is your own responsibility,and you will have to organize your time and find the best way to study.Here are some tips which you might find useful to improve those skills.Digging译文译文Improve your study skills!Lectures and note
16、-taking2 It is easy to misunderstand the role of lectures.The standard joke is that it is a system for transferring notes from the lecturers file to the students notebook without passing through the mind of either.译文译文Digging句子分析句子分析 3 But good lecturers will make a subject come alive for their stud
17、ents.They will provide information,place the material of the course in context,and focus on difficult areas in some detail.The approach is to discuss and,where appropriate,be critical of the topic,rather than simply to describe it.译文译文DiggingDigging4 Lecturers often distribute handouts that will giv
18、e you an idea of what they are going to speak about,but you will need to integrate what they say with your own notes.A word of warning,though dont try to write down everything.Try to strike a balance between listening and understanding the material which is being presented,and making notes.译文译文Diggi
19、ngLearning styles5 We dont all learn in the same way.Talk to some of your friends after a lecture or a seminar and you will probably find they remember different things about itwhich may be more or less relevant to the teachers aims.Rather than asking“What is the best way to study?”it is probably a
20、good idea to think“What works best for me?”Honey and Mumford(1992)developed a questionnaire which identified four main learning types.Do you recognize yourself in one or more of these types?译文译文DiggingActivist6 Activist learners learn best from new experiences,generating ideas and trying things out.
21、Problem-solving,classroom interaction and discussion suit them better than more“passive”activities.Reflector7 Reflectors learn best from activities that allow them space to listen,observe,reflect,gather information and make a considered judgment in their own time.译文译文DiggingDiggingTheorist8 Theorist
22、s like to go through things logically,step by step,and to absorb new information into a rational scheme or model.They can be less comfortable with personal opinion or creative thinking.Pragmatist9 Pragmatists learn best from activities that have a clear practical value,and prefer testing ideas in pr
23、actical settings to open-ended discussion.译文译文DiggingDiggingDoing research 10 When you first come to university,you may be a little shocked at the amount of research that you have to do,usually in a short period of time.The important thing is not to get distracted by the research and become overwhel
24、med by the material.You can do this by breaking up the procedure into stages,and by keeping your purpose in mind as you read.译文译文DiggingDigging11 A step-by-step approach to reading is useful.Start with any available general textbooks and review articles for the background facts and an introduction t
25、o the debates.Move on from these to the details contained in more specialized articles.译文译文DiggingDigging12 Effective reading requires you to vary your rate and style of reading according both to the type of reading material and to your purpose in reading it.When reading for pleasure you may read qu
26、ickly,with few breaks and without worrying about having to recall details later.By contrast,when consulting a reference book you may read only one or two paragraphs,but you read them very carefully,making sure you understand the details.译文译文DiggingDiggingWriting essays13 Essays need careful planning
27、 and structuring.Before starting to write,you should have a plan.You should know what the main thrust of your argument is going to be;and you should have ideas for a beginning,a development,and a conclusion for your work.译文译文DiggingDigging14 When you have written the first version,read it and make a
28、ny changes,especially changes which will make it easier for the reader to understand the points you are trying to make.15 But your first task is to establish the exact meaning of the title.If you interpret it wrongly,the essay could be a complete disaster.译文译文DiggingDigging16 Spend some time thinkin
29、g about the title;it may even be worth rewriting it in your own words if it is at all complex or confusing.Think also about any built-in assumptions it may contain.For example,“To what extent did Parliament increase its power in the 16th century?”almost invites you to agree with the assumption that
30、Parliament did increase its power.You may think that it didnt.Remember that you can disagree with such assumptions,or treat them critically.But supporting your argument with evidence and logical reasoning is indispensable.译文译文DiggingDiggingDifficult sentences Difficult sentences TextThe idea of“fair
31、 share”here indicates that everyone has problems of some sort or other,in more or less equal shares.Thus students have problems just as other people do,for example,older people may have better finances but they lack the energy and health.Therefore,in ones lifetime,problems may change but not go away
32、.1.Like everyone else,students have their fair share of problems.(Line 1,Para 1)2.and surviving on limited financial resources (Line 4,Para 1)Difficult sentences Difficult sentences It means students have to live on a low income.TextDifficult sentences Difficult sentences Text3.The standard joke is
33、that it is a system for transferring notes from the lecturers the students notebook without passing through the mind of either.(Line 2,Para 2)The“joke”is intended to criticize the traditional lecturing style in which the lecturer in a fairly mindless way simply reads out lecture notes.Then students
34、simply write the notes down without real thinking.The result is that the students notes may be similar to those of the lecturer,but the meaning of the lecture hasnt passed through the mind of either students or the lecturer.Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 4.They will provide information,plac
35、e the material of the course in context,(Line 2,Para 3)TextIf the material of the course,for example,is a book or theory,a good teacher will explain how it fits into its historical background,the philosophy which lies behind it and its relation to other works and ideas.Difficult sentences Difficult
36、sentences 5.Try to strike a balance between listening and understanding the material which is being presented,and making notes.(Line 6,Para 4)TextIf you listen and think very carefully,you will not have time to take good notes,but if you write everything down,you will not take in the overall sense.Y
37、ou need to find a solution which produces both notes and understanding.strike a balance:The metaphor is of a pair of scales.If something happens to tip the balance,one thing outweighs the other,and you may need to restore the balance.Different circumstances may threaten to disturb the balance,so you
38、 may need to constantly adjust the balance.Difficult sentences Difficult sentences 6.For example,“To what extent did Parliament increase its power in the 16th century?”almost invites you to agree with the assumption that Parliament did increase its power.(Line 5,Para 16)TextThe wording of the questi
39、on,as opposed to“Did Parliament increase its power in the 16th century?”,might lead a student to think about“to what extent”rather than first evaluate if Parliament did increase its power at all.例句例句翻译翻译释义释义1vt.to move something or someone from one place to another 移动，迁移transfer等到蛋糕凉了之后再放到盘子里。WordsW
40、ordsWait until the cakes cool before transferring them to a plate.例句例句翻译翻译He transferred some money from one bank account to another.他把一些钱从一个账户转到另一个账户上。释义释义2v.to move from one job,office,or department to another in the same company or organization（在同一公司或组织内）调动transfer Pennys applied for a transfer t
41、o another part of the company.WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译彭尼已申请调到公司的其他部门工作。TextHe has transferred from the warehouse to the accounts office.他已由仓库调到会计办公室任职。例句例句翻译翻译例句例句翻译翻译释义释义1n.C a set of papers,documents,or records that you keep because they contain information 档案；案卷；卷宗fileThe this case was closed five year
42、s ago.人事档案存放在安全的地方。WordsWordsPersonnel files are kept in secure storage.例句例句翻译翻译有关这起案件的资料档案已经封存了5年之久。We want whatever we write to be read,from first word to last,not just thrown into some“letters-to-be-read”file or into a wastepaper basket.(Jan.1993,CET4,Reading Comprehension)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译释义释义2n.C a
43、set of information on a computer（计算机的）文件，文档file保存修改过的文件务必要重新命名。WordsWordsBe sure to save the revised version of the a new.要表达建立新文件，而非备份文件或拷贝文件时，用动词create。When talking about a new file,not a back-up a copy,the correct verb is create.例句例句翻译翻译Text例句例句翻译翻译释义释义1n.C,u the general situation in which someth
44、ing happens,which helps explain it 情景；背景 context得结合具体情况来看这次降价。WordsWordsThis fall in prices has to be seen in context.These changes must be seen in their historical and social context.例句例句翻译翻译这些变化必须放在其历史和社会环境中来看待。例句例句翻译翻译释义释义2n.C,U the words surrounding a particular word that help to give it its mea
45、ning 上下文；语境报纸对他的话完全断章取义，琼斯对此十分气愤。WordsWordsJones was furious that the papers had quoted his remarks completely out of context.context例句例句翻译翻译英语单词根据上下文可能有数种不同的意思。English words can have several meanings depending on context.Text例句例句翻译翻译释义释义1adj.expressing an opinion when you think something is wrong o
46、r bad 批判的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的criticalHe has apologised for critical remarks he made about the referee.她父亲是个非常挑剔的人。WordsWordsHer father was a very critical man.例句例句翻译翻译他为自己对裁判出言不逊而道歉。The director was critical of the way we were doing the work.(Jan.2000,CET4,Vocabulary and Structure)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译释义释义2adj.very i
47、mportant 非常重要的；关键的critical今后几天发生的事将对我们取得成功非常关键。WordsWordsWhat happens in the next few days is critical to our success.例句例句翻译翻译我们需要立即就这个关键性的问题作出决定。We need an immediate decision on this critical issue.The early years of development are critical years for learning abut oneself.(Jun.2001,CET4,Reading Co
48、mprehension)真题真题Text例句例句翻译翻译释义释义adj.important and directly connected to what is being discussed or considered 重要的；有关的；(与主题)相关的relevantThese issues are directly relevant to the needs of slow learners.这个问题和我的观点不相干。WordsWordsThe question is not relevant to my point.例句例句翻译翻译这些问题与接受能力慢的学习者的需要有直接关系。Color
49、and sex are not relevant to whether a person is suitable for the job.(Sep.2003,CET4,Vocabulary and Structure)真题真题Text例句例句翻译翻译释义释义1n.C,U the activity of being with and talking to other people,and the way that people react to each other 互动；交流interaction涉及一定的社会交往的工作通常更令人有满足感。WordsWordsJobs that involve
50、 a degree of social interaction are usually more satisfying.Families need to encourage activities that promote interaction between parent and child.家庭里要鼓励进行能够增进家长和孩子之间交流的活动。例句例句翻译翻译例句例句翻译翻译释义释义2n.C,U the process by which different things affect each other or change each other 相互影响；相互作用interactionThi