非谓语动词做题技巧.ppt

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1、1.todo2.-ing3.done动词不定式动词不定式动词动词-ing形式形式动词过去分动词过去分词词一般式一般式tododoingdone一般被动式一般被动式tobedonebeingdone完成式完成式tohavedonehavingdone完成被动式完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone进行式进行式tobedoing完成进行式完成进行式tohavebeendoing非谓语动词的形式(以非谓语动词的形式(以do为例)为例)1.Tomreturnedfromthemanagersoffice,2.tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseeme

2、atonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlc

3、aughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤一一.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则

4、三:用作结果状语时,可用原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式或不定式原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主主句主语保持一致语保持一致原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式式原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生尚未发生;用用-ing,表示动作正在进行,表示动作正在进行;用过去分

5、词,表示动用过去分词,表示动作已经发生,同时表示被动意义作已经发生,同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassent2.there_foraspaceflight.(2007江西卷)江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的,所以由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的,所以要用不定式,因此

6、可排除要用不定式,因此可排除A和和B。另外,由于。另外,由于“他他”与与“训练训练”为被动关系,故选为被动关系,故选D。如:如:Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东卷)广东卷)A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making tocatchupthefirstbus.3.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2

7、007湖南卷湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_toher_thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出的,所以用发出的,所以用-ing作伴随状语;作伴随状语;listento后跟不带后跟不带to的不定式的不定式/-ing作宾补。作宾补。【解析解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示当由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示当时持续了一会时

8、持续了一会儿,故用儿,故用-ing。句意为:当信号灯变绿时,我站在那儿一会儿没动,。句意为:当信号灯变绿时,我站在那儿一会儿没动,心想自己该怎么办。心想自己该怎么办。原则二:原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用用作伴随状语,原则上要用-inging.listentodo/doing inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别:作目的状语的区别:作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生谓语动词

9、的动作后发生前面不能用逗号前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,_thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher(hope)2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_onabigrock(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,_alongspeech.(prepare)4._warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,原则三:用作结果状语时,可用原则三

10、:用作结果状语时,可用-inging或不定式,其原则区别是,或不定式,其原则区别是,一般用一般用-inging,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。意料之中。不定式不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,_inthenaturallightduringtheday.(2007天津卷)天津卷)A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析解析此处用此处用-ing

11、表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。如:如:Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatplace.6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.(2005山东卷)山东卷)A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(2006陕西卷)陕西卷)A.t

12、otellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Hehurriedtothestation,only_thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东卷广东卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。练一练:练一练:ThecaptaingotmetobelievethatthewaterwassowarmsoIwentoffintothePacifictoswimashoretoanisland,only_(discover)hisideaofwarmwas

13、ntquitethesameasmine.(周报第(周报第8期)期)Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_(see)again.Helefthishometown20yearsago,never_(return)tobeseentoreturntodiscover扩展:扩展:S+P+,+never todosth/tobedone某人做某人做从未从未/在也不在也不/不被不被原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式

14、;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-inging的被动式的被动式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(2007浙江卷)浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析解析】根据句意,此处指的是根据句意,此处指的是“被听见被听见”,故要用被,故要用被动式,因此动式,因此可排除可排除B和和C。另外,由于。另外,由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语,动作在为目的状语,动作在当时尚未发生,故用不定式,即选当时尚未发生,故用不定式

15、,即选A。11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toop

16、enandclose【解析解析】of后应接后应接-ing,desks与与openandclose之间存在逻之间存在逻辑辑上的被动关系,又因上的被动关系,又因couldbeheard,所以选,所以选-ing的被动式表正的被动式表正在被进行的动作。在被进行的动作。of astrangerhiseyessittingseat vt.fixoneseyesupon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.12.Facedwithabi

17、llfor$10,000,_.(2006陕西卷)陕西卷)A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision,_.(2005全国卷全国卷III)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringswatchingfacedwith(be)facedwith原则六:强

18、调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式)的完成式)14._fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.(2005湖北卷)湖北卷)A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated 15.Theman

19、ager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.(2005江西卷)江西卷)A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.makinglefthas16.LiMingissaid_abroad.DoyouknowwhatcountryYes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABisSbissaidtodo据说据说原则七:用于名词后作

20、定语时,原则是:原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用用-inging,表示动作正在进行,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词,表示动作被动、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh

21、spaintings.(2006上海卷)上海卷)A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait themeetingthedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_nevercomeagain!”Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself.(2007湖南卷)湖南卷)A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!(2007全国全国I)A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arrivingThingsThelastonelose vt.l

22、osesb/sth注:受注:受thefirst,thesecond.thelast修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。练一练:练一练:你是第二个犯这错误的人你是第二个犯这错误的人。Youarethesecondtomakethemistake.Translate the following sentences into English.1.这是一个已经这是一个已经讨论了的问题。讨论了的问题。2.这是一个正在这是一个正在讨论的问题。讨论的问题。3.这是一个将要这是一个将要讨论的问题。讨论的问题。Thisisaproblemdiscussed.(已经

23、完成的被动动作)(已经完成的被动动作)Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.(正在进行的被动动作)(正在进行的被动动作)Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.(将要进行的被动动作)(将要进行的被动动作)discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed已经已经正在正在将要将要原则一:用作目的状语,原则一:用作目的状语,原则二:用作伴随状语,原则二:用作伴随状语,原则三:用作结果状语,原则三:用作结果状语,原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则六:强调动作发生

24、在主句谓语动作原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,之前时,原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则一:用作目的状语,原则上用不定式原则一:用作目的状语,原则上用不定式.原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上用原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上用-ing.原则三:用作结果状语,可用原则三:用作结果状语,可用-ing/todo,原则区别是:原则区别是:-ing表示一定逻辑的结果,表示一定逻辑的结果,todo表示非逻辑的结果。表示非逻辑的结果。原则四:凡是有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则四:凡是有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动形式;如果动作尚未发生

25、,则用不定式的被动形式;如果动作正在进行,则用如果动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动形式。的被动形式。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则上其逻辑原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主语应与主句主语保持一致。原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,原则上原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,原则上要用完成式(要用完成式(-ing的完成式或不定式的完成式)的完成式或不定式的完成式)原则七:用于名词后作定语,原则是:不定式表示动作尚原则七:用于名词后作定语,原则是:不定式表示动作尚未发生;未发生;-ing表示动作正在进行:表示动作正在进行:过去分词表示动作完成,被动。过去

26、分词表示动作完成,被动。二二.非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤(一)分析句子结构(一)分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._arain

27、yday;wedecidednottogothere.A.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。(二)找逻辑主语(二)找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of

28、the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说,作般来说,作状语状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语;语;作作宾补宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语;的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语;作作定语定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.takenDB1._every

29、thingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.Everything_intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.Everythingthey(三)分析语态(三)分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还是还是被动被动关系。关系。1.“Youcantcatchme!”Janeshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._inthem

30、ountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.LosingJane thetwostudents(四)(四)分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C

31、.being built D.built _C_B_D二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三.非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结:方法总结:谓非谓,找主语,析语态,定时态谓非谓,找主语,析语态,定时态Practice从高考试题看非谓语动词考查方向从高考试题看非谓语动词考查方向考点一:考查非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。考点一:考查非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。07年年1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_31_(_31_(breakbreak)d

32、ownneararemoteand)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.poorvillage.2.Whileshewasgettingme2.Whileshewasgettingme_34_(_34_(settlesettle)intoatinybutclean)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyingroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoauphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20sma

33、lltownsome20kilometreskilometresawaywhereawaywheretherewasagarage.therewasagarage.brokesettled0808年年 1.Forexample,theproverb,1.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingpluckingupacrop_32_(help)itgrowupacrop_32_(help)itgrow”,is,isbasedonthefollowingstory.basedonthefollowingstory.2.Beingtooanxioustohelpanevent2

34、.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_40_(result)inthedevelopoften_40_(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.contrarytoourintention.tohelpresults0909年年1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_32_1.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_32_(pleaseplease)ashermotherashermother,whowasalwayswhowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.deligh

35、tedwithperfume.2.Besides2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearshoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_34_onyourfeetor_34_(pushpush)youwithyouwiththeirelbowstheirelbows(肘部),(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettohurryingaheadtogettoabarga

36、in.abargain.3.Hermotherwasexcited.3.Hermotherwasexcited.“YourfatherhasatYourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,lastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane_40_Jane_40_(inform).inform).topleasepushedwasinformed1010年年1.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoung1.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_33_(present)thewatertotheoldma

37、n_33_(present)thewatertotheoldman.man.2.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet2.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,anotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,_37_(say)itwasawful._37_(say)itwasawful.1111年年Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,Igotonthebusandfoundaseatnear

38、theback,andthenInoticedamanandthenInoticedaman1818(sit)atthe(sit)atthefront.Hefront.He1919(pretend)thatatigertoywas(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.realandgivingitavoice.presentedsayingsitting/sitwaspretendingSteveJobs,thevisionary,foundedAppleinaSiliconValleygarageandbuiltitintothewor

39、ldsleadingtechcompanyandledamobile-computingrevolutionwithwildlypopulardevicessuchastheiphone.Hewasalsoagoodexampleof“TheAmericanDream.SteveJobscamefromhumblebeginnings.HehadbeenadoptedasachildbyaworkingclassfamilyinCalifornia.Hedidnthaveagoodeducation.Instead,hedroppedoutofcollegeearlyandstartedApp

40、leinhisparentsgarage.Buthissuccesswassoonfollowedbyadversity.JobswasfiredasCEOofthecompanyin1985,butthatsetbackdidnotstophim.JobsbuiltanewcomputercompanyandalsostartedPixarwhichproducedthehitmoviesToyStoryandFindingNemo.Later,whenapplewasstruggling,Jobswasbroughtbacktosavethecompany-andhedidit.Hesuf

41、feredsetbacksinbusinessandinhishealth,butherefusedtoletthosesetbacksdampenhisdesireofachievinghisdream,leavingsomeinspirationalwordsforyounginnovators:“stayhungry,stayfoolish”.Afteraverylongbattlewithcancer,hepassedawayattheageof56.Hisdeathwasmournedbymillionsofpeopleworldwide.Hewasabusiness,buthewa

42、sthe“MichaelJackson”ofbusinessmen.HisAppleproductswerelikesongsthattouchedpeoplesheartsandchangedtheirlives.AdoptedbyPaulandClaraJobsinSantaClara,HewasborninGreenBay,Wisconsin.AftergraduatingfromhighschoolinCupertino,California,hewenttoReedCollegeinPortlandOregon,buthedroppedoutofschoolonesemesterla

43、ter.Whenhewas21,JobsteamedwithWozniakandtwoothermentolaunchAppleComputerInc.考点二:考查非谓语动词作定语。考点二:考查非谓语动词作定语。例例2(2011年高考湖南卷)年高考湖南卷)21.Theability_(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.例例3(2011年高考湖南卷)年高考湖南卷)23.Theplayers_(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.例例4(2011年

44、高考山东卷)年高考山东卷)27.Lookovertheretheresaverylong,windingpath_(lead)uptothehouse.toexpress总结:当先行词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语总结:当先行词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语来修饰,常见的抽象名词有:来修饰,常见的抽象名词有:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。等。selectedleading考点三:考查非谓语动词考点三:考查非谓语动词作状语。作状语。例例5(20

45、11年高考重庆卷)年高考重庆卷)29.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced_(raise)peoplesconcernoverfoodsafety.例例6(2011年高考湖南卷)年高考湖南卷)29.Doyouwakeupeverymorning_(feel)energeticandreadytostartanewday?例例7(2011年高考四川卷)年高考四川卷)16._(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.torai

46、sefeeingOffered考点四:考查非谓语动词考点四:考查非谓语动词作补足语作补足语。高考卷中对于宾补的考查主要集中在高考卷中对于宾补的考查主要集中在keep,make,find,have,permit等动词带宾补的用法等动词带宾补的用法上,如:上,如:例例10(2011年高考重庆卷)年高考重庆卷)33.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_(remind)ofhisowndreams.例例12(2011年高考福建卷)年高考福建卷)27.Thedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromthe

47、earlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable_.+周测周测findremindedtohold考点五:考查非谓语动词作主、宾、表语。考点五:考查非谓语动词作主、宾、表语。非谓语动词作主、宾、表主要适用于不定式和动非谓语动词作主、宾、表主要适用于不定式和动名词(名词(-ing)。)。例例14(2011年高考四川卷)年高考四川卷)2.Lydiadoesntfeellike_(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.例例15(2011年高考上海卷)年高考上海卷)27.Itsnouse_withouttakingaction.(主语)(主语)studyingcomplainingThank you!

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