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1、12能力考点题型分类能力考点题型分类1）把握文章的事实和细节的能力）把握文章的事实和细节的能力【说明说明】针对文章的事实和细节，常见的提问方式有：针对文章的事实和细节，常见的提问方式有：Which of the following is right/true/wrong/isnt mentioned?The following are all right EXCEPT _.用用What/Which/When/Where/Why/How等提等提问问.Gina jogged with her dad in some empty lots.But the lots were full of rock
2、s and rubbish.One day,Gina saw a sign on the lots.It said,“New City Park.”Gina was excited.Gina told her parents about the sign.“I read about the park in the newspaper,”said Ginas father.“The city wants volunteers to help clean the area.Then the city will build a soccer and a playground.How did Gina
3、 know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots?A.Her father told her about it.B.She read it in the newspaper.C.She learned it from a sign.D.She was told by other volunteers.细节理解题例细节理解题例1 One midnight,a little girl woke up to pass water.She by herself got up and down her bed,walked to thebed
4、room door and opened it.She looked outside andwalked back,for it was so dark in the hall that shefeared.Her mother said,“Dont be afraid,honey.Takecourage!”2.The girl walked back because _.A.the bathroom was too far away.B.her mother wouldnt go with her.C.she was too afraid of the dark.D.the bedroom
5、door was locked细节理解题例细节理解题例2 He normally goes home between two and three oclock in the morning.There are times he has to stay longer and try to make more runs.He said,“Thats the worst thing about working for yourself.If you dont make money,no one is going to give it to you.”3.London taxi driver try
6、to make more runs sometimes mainly because _ A.they make a living by driving B.they prefer to work for themselvesC.they want to help more passengersD.they are used to working deep into the night细节理解题例细节理解题例3带题查阅速定位带题查阅速定位紧扣主题排干扰紧扣主题排干扰题文对照细辨伪题文对照细辨伪 解题技巧解题技巧 细节理解题细节理解题2）根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力）根据上下文猜测生词的含义的
7、能力【说明说明】要求根据上下文确定某一特定的词或要求根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义，常见提问方式有：短语的准确含义，常见提问方式有：The word“_”in the passage probably means_.The underlined word“it”in the passage refers to_.Whats the meaning of the underlined word“_”in the passage?【说明说明】词义猜测题考查词义猜测题考查超纲词含超纲词含义的推断义的推断熟词生义或熟词生义或在特定场合在特定场合的意思的意思词义猜测并不难词义猜测并不难 把握
8、语境是关键把握语境是关键文中信息细分析文中信息细分析 反复斟酌定答案反复斟酌定答案1.You shouldnt blame him for that,for it wasnt his fault.2.He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.词义猜测题例词义猜测题例1、2通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 通过反义词猜词通过反义词猜词 v.责备责备 adj.长相一般的，不漂亮的长相一般的，不漂亮的3.Our government has taken action to better the life of the villager
9、s “better”means“_”.4.Their friends laughed at them，and my sisters felt wretched，very unhappy“wretched”means“_”.unhappyimprove词义猜测题例词义猜测题例3、4通过同义词猜词通过同义词猜词5.Today was a very hectic day for meI woke up late，hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the store，cooked dinner and washed clothesI did
10、 so many things that I was certainly very tired“hectic”means“_”busy词义猜测题例词义猜测题例5通过上下文语境猜词通过上下文语境猜词 Hot sun will dry out a snails body.So at the least sign of hot sun,a snail draws its body into its shell.A snail will die in a heavy rain.So when it rains,a snail does the same thing,too.6.In the sente
11、nce“a snail draws its body into its shell”,the word“draw”means_.A.to make with a pencil B.to pushC.to pull D.to move away 词义猜测题例词义猜测题例6 熟词生义熟词生义:关键词对猜测词义的辅助作用关键词对猜测词义的辅助作用 1.利用主旨要义。利用主旨要义。2.利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境。同义解释、举例说明、语境暗示、指代、同义解释、举例说明、语境暗示、指代、因果推断、前后对比等。因果推断、前后对比等。3.利用构词法。利用构词法。派生、合成、转化派生、合成、转化 4.利用经
12、验常识。利用经验常识。解题技巧解题技巧 词义猜测题词义猜测题依据短文内容和考生应有的常识依据短文内容和考生应有的常识 进行推理和判断的能力进行推理和判断的能力【说明说明】文中没有直接答案，需要在理解上下文甚至全文文中没有直接答案，需要在理解上下文甚至全文的基础上，结合常识进行合理的推断。常见提问的基础上，结合常识进行合理的推断。常见提问方式有：方式有：1)We can guess the writer of the letter man be a _.2)We can infer from the text that_.3)What would be happy if?Secondly,a n
13、ews story has to be interesting andunusual.People dont want to read stories abouteveryday life.As a result,many stories are about somekind of danger and seem to be“bad”news.According to the passage,which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?_A.You often play football with your friends
14、after school.B.Your teacher has got a cold.C.A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasnt been caught.D.The bike in front of your house is lost.Cdangerbad 解题技巧解题技巧 推理判断题推理判断题切忌主观乱猜测切忌主观乱猜测回归原文动脑筋回归原文动脑筋4）掌握所读材料的主旨和要义的能力）掌握所读材料的主旨和要义的能力 【说明说明】主要针对段落（或短文主要针对段落（或短文)的主题，主题思想，的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，常见提问方式有：标题或目
15、的，常见提问方式有：1)Which is the best title of the passage?2)In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.3)This passage mainly talks about_.4 主旨概括题主旨概括题 解题技巧解题技巧 主题句主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末开头，也有可能在段中或段末,有时候有时候也贯穿在全文中，需要总结。也贯穿在全文中，需要总结。总结时，可以用到五个总结时，可以用到五个w，一个，一个h来来帮助帮助 What do you do
16、 if you are trapped on a lonely island?Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world.You best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.Body signals Smoke signals Ground-to-air signals Pilots replies 主旨概括题例主旨概括题例11.Whats the passage mainly about?A.The ex
17、planation of building signals on an island.B.The importance of making signals on an island.C.Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.D.Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.有些文章或段落无明显的主题句有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是只是暗示性暗示性地地体现主题体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的所叙述的事实事实或提供的或提供的线索线索来概括总结
18、主旨大意来概括总结主旨大意难点难点：从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索 Elena jogged(慢跑）慢跑）with her dad in some empty lots Elena was excited.Maybe the park would have a jogging trail（小路）（小路）!.“Will they build a jogging trail?”Elena asked.“Well,perhaps if I help clean up the lots,theyll put in a jogging trail,”said Elena
19、.Elena went to the area every week.Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.主旨概括题主旨概括题 例例2 The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park.They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail.The mayor s
20、aid,“A jogging trail wont be hard to build.Lets do it!”2.What can be the best title for the story?A.Elena and a Mayor B.Elena and New City ParkC.Elena and Some Volunteers D.Elena and a Jogging TrailWhat have we learned today?1.通读全文，了解大意。（将重要的内容做笔记，如5个w，一个h等）2.读懂问题，分清出题的四种类型。3.带着问题读文章，在文中根据跟中类型的题目找到解决方法，选出答案。必要时，要归纳概括文章的大意，弄清文章的主旨。4.时间允许的条件下，带着所选的选项再次阅读文章，看所选的选项是否符合文章的内容。注意：文章本身是解题的关键，任何的题目要以原文为依托；在解决推测，分析文章主旨和相关方面题目时，要put yourself in the writers shoes,切忌根据自己的想法主观臆断。26Reading is not only beneficial to widen your horizon but also helpful to master the language.读书不仅有益于开阔视野，也有助于我们驾驭语言。