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1、12 12 状语从句状语从句定义：定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。分类分类:1.Adverbial Clause of Time（时间状语从句）（时间状语从句）2.Adverbial Clause of Cause(原因状语从句）原因状语从句）3.Adverbial Clause of Condition(条件状语从句）条件状语从句）4.Adverbial Clause of Place(地点状语从句）地点状语从句
2、）5.Adverbial Clause of Purpose(目的状语从句）目的状语从句）6.Adverbial Clause of Result（结果状语从句）（结果状语从句）7.Adverbial Clause of Comparison（比较状语从句）（比较状语从句）8.Adverbial Clause of Concession(让步状语从句）让步状语从句）9.Adverbial Clause of Manner(方式状语从句方式状语从句)Adverbial Clause of Time:（时间状语从句）（时间状语从句）常用连接词：常用连接词：when,while,as,before,
3、after,since,until,as soon as,every time,each time,the moment,by the time,immediately,the minute,the second请注意请注意 when,while,as 的区别的区别when(1)当当时候时候通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。例如：通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。例如：When I opened the window,I saw him come up.注意：在时间注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作
4、或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。将来时，从句用一般现在时。(2)正在正在的时候，突然的时候，突然。通常主句是进行时或通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，时，在翻译的时候，when 可可以译成没想到或突然。例如：以译成没想到或突然。例如：I was walking along the street,when I met him.(3)当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。例如：当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。例如：Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I
5、 was leaving the house,the postman arrived.(4)When=after例如：例如：When（After）the children had gone to bed,she began toprepare her lessons.(5)when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：从句动作先于主句动作。如：When the film ended,the people we
6、nt back.(6)可以表示原因可以表示原因“既然既然”，相当于，相当于since;considering that。如：。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.while(1)在在期间期间往往指一段时间。往往指一段时间。例如：例如：While we were in America,we saw him twice.While we were talking,he came in.(2)while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动引导的动作必须
7、是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。作相对比。如：如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.(3)表示一种不满情绪表示一种不满情绪意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。例如：例如：We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football.as(1)一边一边一边一边,随着。例如：随着。例如：She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
8、(2)当当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。例如：行时。例如：As I was going out,it began to rain.when,while,as的用法区别的用法区别1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.(不可用
9、不可用while)2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从引导这个从句，不可用句，不可用as或或while。如：。如：When you have finished your work,you may have a rest.3表示表示“随着随着”，连词用，连词用as，不用，不用when或或while。如：。如：As the election approached,the violence got worse.4如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动作的进如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动
10、作时，行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与与as 可互换使用。如：可互换使用。如：When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.before一、含义一、含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Bef
11、ore I could get in a word,he had measured me.“才才”“不到不到就就”“趁趁”“还没来得及还没来得及”二二before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：从句中谓语不用否定式。如：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.三三1）句型）句型It will be/was一段时间一段时间before“还要过多久还要过多久才才”如：如：It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）句型）句型It was not一段时间一段时间before“不多久就不
12、多久就”。如：。如：It wasnt two years before he left the country.after在在 之后之后例如：例如：The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.since(1)自从自从,通常主句用现在完成时。例如：通常主句用现在完成时。例如：I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.(2)句型句型It is一段时间一段时间since时间的计算一律从时间
13、的计算一律从since从句的从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since she was in our class.她来我们班有三年了。她来我们班有三年了。as soon as一一就就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.no sooner than刚刚就就No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.注意：注意：no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装用于句首要求倒装once一旦一旦就就Once you see him,
14、you will never forget him.every time,each time 每次每次whenever 每当每当Each time he came to town,he would visit our school.till,until和和notuntil小结小结1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，所表示的时间，意为意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：。如：We w
15、aited until he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：。如：He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had a
16、ny idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因状语从句）原因状语从句）because,as,since,now that和和considering that,seeing that 这六这六个连词或词组都用于表示原因个连词或词组都用于表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱但在语气上一个比一个弱.because因为因为,通常从句放在主句后通常从句放在主句后Mr.Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his lugga
17、ge.as因为因为,通常放在句首通常放在句首As he is honest and modest,all his friends like him.since既然既然,因语气较弱因语气较弱,常译为既然常译为既然Since everybody has come,we can set off.now that既然既然Now that all airlines offer discount prices,we should do the same.considering that顾及到顾及到 Considering that they are just beginners,they are doin
18、g quite a good job.seeing that由于由于Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent,we decided to put the meeting off.Adverbial Clause of Reason(原因状语从句）原因状语从句）规则规则1：because 表示直接的、必然的原因，不能与表示直接的、必然的原因，不能与so连用。常连用。常用来回答用来回答why所提的问题。在强调句型中，若强调原因，只能所提的问题。在强调句型中，若强调原因，只能用用because，即，即It is because that；而；而for表示推
19、理性的补充表示推理性的补充说明的原因，不能放在句首。说明的原因，不能放在句首。规则规则2：since 表示众所周知的原因，表示众所周知的原因，“既然既然”，常放在句首。，常放在句首。规则规则3：as 表示客观原因，表示客观原因，“由于由于”，常放在句首。，常放在句首。规则规则4：now that 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因，通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因，“既然既然”。规则规则5：when意为意为“既然既然”(有轻微的责备口吻有轻微的责备口吻)。规则规则6：in that从句，意为从句，意为“原因是原因是；因为；因为”。Adverbial Clause of Condition(条件状语从
20、句）条件状语从句）if,unless,as long as,in case,provided that,on condition thatif如果如果If you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.unless 如果不如果不,除非除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.=We cannot get there on time if we dont book the earliest flight.as long as如果如果We will succeed
21、 as long as we keep on trying.as(so)far as 据据所知所知As far as I know,he speaks English very well.in case假使假使,如果如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.provided that 如果如果,有时省略有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.on condition that条件是条件是He said that
22、 he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.注注:主从句的动作都发生在将来时，则主句用将来时主从句的动作都发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般从句用一般现在时。例如：现在时。例如：If he arrives tomorrow,I will be waiting for him at the airport.Adverbial Clause of Place(地点状语从句）地点状语从句）where,whereverwhere在在地方地方Put the medicine where you
23、can easily get it.wherever无论哪里无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose(目的状语从句）目的状语从句）that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lest(so)that 以便以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等等。Lets take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.in order tha
24、t 为了为了,与与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can,could,may,might,should等。等。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that 生怕生怕;为了防止为了防止(某事发生某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.lest 以防万一以防万一The man decided to tell his
25、 boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.Adverbial Clauses of Result(结果状语从句）结果状语从句）引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：that，so that，so.that.，such.that.。在非正式语体中，由在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中引导的句子中that可以省略。可以省略。so that 因而，以便，为了因而，以便，为了,有时有时so 可以省去可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the bac
26、k can hear you.so that 太太以至于以至于，so 后面应用形容词或副词后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略有时省略so只用只用that。The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.such that 太太以至于，用法与以至于，用法与sothat相同，但相同，但such 后面应用名词。后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.结果状语从句的几个句型：结果状语从句的几个句型：so
27、 adj./adv.that。so adj.a/an n.that。so many/few/much/littlen.(可数名词复数或不可数名词可数名词复数或不可数名词)that。such a/an adj.n.that。such n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数不可数名词或可数名词复数)thatAdverbial Clause of Comparison(比较状语从句）比较状语从句）asas,not so(as)as,than,the more the more.asas 像像一样一样If you dont want to miss the flight,you need to be at t
28、he airport as early as possible.not so(as)as 不像不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.than 比比怎么样，用于事物间的比较，怎么样，用于事物间的比较，than前前面用形容词或副词面用形容词或副词的比较级的比较级People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.the more,the more越越 越越The more he listened to that song,th
29、e less he enjoyed it.Adverbial Clause of Concession(让步状语从句）让步状语从句）although,though,as,even if,even though,no matter,however,whatever,while,whetheralthough,though虽然虽然 although 和和though 可以互换，但可以互换，但although 常放在句首，常放在句首，though可以用于倒装。可以用于倒装。Although it was raining,the plane managed to take off.as尽管尽管,as
30、引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互互换。换。Busy as he is,he never misses a football match.even if/even though 即使即使Even if you dont like your boss,you should do your work.however 不论，不论，however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.no matter(what,
31、when,where,how)无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.whatever不管不管Whatever other people may say,she wont change her mind.whether 不管，常与不管，常与or not 连用连用Whether he is good or not,the company decided to send him abroad.Adverbial Clause of Manner(方式状语从句）方式状语从句）as,as if,as thoughas 与与一样一样 Do in Rome as the Romans do.as if,as though 仿佛仿佛,由由as if或或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气引导的从句中可用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.