《通用版2020高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解1.2.3主旨大意题课件新人教版.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《通用版2020高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解1.2.3主旨大意题课件新人教版.ppt（56页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、第3讲主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象大意有一个较为清晰的印象,既考查细节理解能力既考查细节理解能力,又又考查深层次的推理、概括能力考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。难度较大。【明命题方式】【明命题方式】把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式:1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?2.Themainidea/T
2、hegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis_.3.Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison_.4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?5.Whatsthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?7.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson_.【晓解题捷径】【晓解题捷径】题型题型特点特点解题技巧解题
3、技巧主题类主题类(内容内容)考查文考查文章或段章或段落的主落的主旨大意旨大意找主题句四窍门找主题句四窍门:(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语段落中出现表示转折的词语(如如however,but,infact,actually等等)时时,该句很可能是主题句。该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地重复的观点作者有意识地重复的观点,通常是主旨通常是主旨;反复出反复出现的词语现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含表示总结或结论的句子常包含t
4、herefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词。等词。题型题型特点特点解题技巧解题技巧标题类标题类要求考生要求考生选出文章选出文章的最佳标的最佳标题题文章标题三特点文章标题三特点:(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句形式一般为单词、短语或句子子,短语居多短语居多;(2)短小精悍短小精悍,精确性强精确性强;(3)涵盖性强涵盖性强,能覆盖全文大意。能覆盖全文大意。技法技法1依据文章正三角形写作法依据文章正三角形写作法,锁定文首锁定文首,找出主题找出主题句句中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山,提出主题提出主题,随随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展
5、主题句所表达的主题思之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式,即由一般到即由一般到特殊特殊,先提出观点先提出观点,后举例论证后举例论证,主题句则出现在文首。主题句则出现在文首。大意题、标题一般可在第一段找到答题依据。大意题、标题一般可在第一段找到答题依据。【典例】【典例】(2019全国卷全国卷B)ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“ItsnosecretthatChinahasal
6、waysbeenasource(来源来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofa
7、rt,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashion
8、campaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashiontheyarecentraltoitsmovement.”Ofcourse,notonlyaretodaystopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChinasomeofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGal
9、liano,Albaz,MarcJacobsandbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.I
10、fyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChinaitsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEastern
11、andWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【技法点金】【技法点金】通读全文通读全文,定位原文第一段定位原文第一段ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.可知可知,中国及其丰富的中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉。文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉。仔细对比选项仔细对比选项,故选故选_。D技法技法2依据文章倒三角形写作法依据文章倒三角形写作法,锁定文尾锁定文尾,找出主题
12、找出主题句句主题句出现在文尾。在细节后主题句出现在文尾。在细节后,归纳要点、印象、归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果结论、建议或结果,以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式归纳法写作方式,即细节表述的句子在前即细节表述的句子在前,概括性的句概括性的句子居后子居后,主题句则常位于末段。主题句则常位于末段。【典例】【典例】(2019全国卷全国卷D)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstat
13、us.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologys
14、ortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikablesplays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thentheresthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendis
15、honorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinsteinsstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事从事)indangerousandriskybehavior”.Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235ad
16、olescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheop
17、positeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydatesharing,kindness,opennesscarryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeou
18、tcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNiceYouWontFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBestYouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggre
19、ssiveness【技法点金】【技法点金】通读全文通读全文,定位原文最后一段定位原文最后一段Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,可知可知,文章主要讲了受欢迎、讨人喜欢文章主要讲了受欢迎、讨人喜欢,对人的各个方对人的各个方面都有着深远的、有益的
20、影响。面都有着深远的、有益的影响。仔细对比选项仔细对比选项,故选故选_。A2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.【技法点金】【技法点金】根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式中冒号的特点根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式中冒号的特点,可知可知第二句是本段的主旨句。另外其中的关键词第二句是本段的主旨句
21、。另外其中的关键词sorts.into与选项与选项A中的中的classification相呼应相呼应,故选故选_。A技法技法3依据文章圆形写作法依据文章圆形写作法,注重首尾呼应的写作方注重首尾呼应的写作方法法首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题,作者先提出主作者先提出主题题,结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常较为多见。通常,前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的往往有进一步地引申或发展的意味。后面的往往有进一步地引申或发展的意味。【典例】【典例】(2019全国卷全国卷D)
22、Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?Itsturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHU
23、NCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordonsstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinktheyreclosetoasolution(解
24、决方案解决方案).“Wedontgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthanAreyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?Basically,itsIvegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentit
25、toNASA.Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and.itsnotaverynicethingattimes.Itsahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idontteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?Gordonsa
26、yshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform【技法点金】【技法点金】阅读原文阅读原文,定位原文第一段和最后一段可知定位原文第一段和最后一段可知,HUNC
27、H项项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起在一起,学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。仔细对比选项仔细对比选项,故选故选_。B技法技法4依据文章菱形写作法依据文章菱形写作法,注重文章中间注重文章中间,锁定主题锁定主题句句主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出中导出,而
28、后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。【典例】【典例】TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals.Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromth
29、egovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntos
30、howofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders_.A.wha
31、thappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestivalB.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestivalC.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestivalD.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival【技法点金】【技法点金】从文中第二段第一句从文中第二段第一句“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出可以看出,本文主要是介绍本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节撒哈拉
32、节”开幕式上的活动。开幕式上的活动。故选故选_。A技法技法5依据文章正方形写作法依据文章正方形写作法,仔细研读仔细研读,根据文章的根据文章的细节归纳全文之中隐含的主题句细节归纳全文之中隐含的主题句中心主题隐含在全文之中中心主题隐含在全文之中,没有明确的主题句。阅没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章读这样的文章,就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析,概概括出段落的主题括出段落的主题,从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是是,先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系容在逻辑上有什么联系
33、,然后加以归纳形成主题然后加以归纳形成主题,该类该类型的试题则迎刃而解。型的试题则迎刃而解。【典例】【典例】Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradei
34、ncitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachothershandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Letsshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?No.Sometime
35、stheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimorher.Evenif,forpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justt
36、ouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding(误解误解)amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved(保守的保守的)inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesaremorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsintere
37、stinfurtherrelationswithyou.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus_.A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpractisedB.howhandshakingcameaboutC.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtradeD.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina【技法点金】【技法点金】文章第一段说明了握手的来历文章第一段说明了握手的来历,实际上也就是谈论握手实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。故选是怎样产生的。故选_。B