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1、客观阅读和主观阅读客观阅读和主观阅读 阅读理解的考察方式：阅读理解的考察方式：一、中考的阅读会选什么样的文章？体裁体裁 -多样多样（多为记叙文、说明文、应（多为记叙文、说明文、应用文，用文，有时也有议论文）有时也有议论文）题材题材 -丰富丰富 （小故事、日常生活（小故事、日常生活/学习学习小窍门、文化习俗、名人轶事等）小窍门、文化习俗、名人轶事等）二、客观阅读题的题目设置：1.细节理解题细节理解题2.整体概括题整体概括题3.理解推测题理解推测题1、什么是细节理解题？考察该文章中有关事考察该文章中有关事考察该文章中有关事考察该文章中有关事件发生的具体细节的件发生的具体细节的件发生的具体细节的件发
2、生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地题目，如：时间、地题目，如：时间、地题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件、方点、人物、事件、方点、人物、事件、方点、人物、事件、方式等；式等；式等；式等；What What WhenWhenWhoWhoWhereWhereWhy Why HowHowWhich statement is true according to the passage?William Shakespeare was a writer of plays William Shakespeare was a writer of plays and poems.Some of his most f
3、amous plays and poems.Some of his most famous plays are Hamlet,Romeo and Juliet,Macbeth.He are Hamlet,Romeo and Juliet,Macbeth.He wrote thirty-seven plays in all.They are still wrote thirty-seven plays in all.They are still popular today.popular today.Shakespeare wrote many famous plays Shakespeare
4、wrote many famous plays except _.except _.A.Hamlet B.Macbeth A.Hamlet B.Macbeth C.Romeo and Juliet D.Man and Superman.C.Romeo and Juliet D.Man and Superman.(What)(What)让我们看几个例子：He was born in 1564 in England.At He was born in 1564 in England.At school he liked watching plays.He decided school he lik
5、ed watching plays.He decided to be an actor when he finished school at to be an actor when he finished school at the age of fourteen.In 1582,he married a the age of fourteen.In 1582,he married a farmers daughter.She was eight years farmers daughter.She was eight years older than he was.older than he
6、 was.Shakespeare decided to be an actor in _.Shakespeare decided to be an actor in _.A.1578 B.1582 C.1599 D.1616 A.1578 B.1582 C.1599 D.1616 (When)(When)Their first child was a daughter.Later they Their first child was a daughter.Later they had twins.In 1585,Shakespeare left his had twins.In 1585,Sh
7、akespeare left his hometown,Stratford-upon-Avon.His wife hometown,Stratford-upon-Avon.His wife and children stayed behind.No one knows and children stayed behind.No one knows why he left or what he did between 1585 and why he left or what he did between 1585 and 1592.1592.In 1585,Shakespeare left hi
8、s hometown In 1585,Shakespeare left his hometown Stratford-upon-Avon _.Stratford-upon-Avon _.A.with his wife B.with his daughter A.with his wife B.with his daughter C.alone D.with his wife and children C.alone D.with his wife and children (With whom)(With whom)A:and dont forget the milk,we havent go
9、t A:and dont forget the milk,we havent got any left.any left.B:So we need milk,bread,chicken and eggs.B:So we need milk,bread,chicken and eggs.Anything else?Anything else?A:No.Wait a minute.Were having Anne and A:No.Wait a minute.Were having Anne and Tony to dinner on Friday.She doesnt eat Tony to d
10、inner on Friday.She doesnt eat meat.Youd better get some fish.meat.Youd better get some fish.B:OK.See you later.B:OK.See you later.Which shopping list does the speaker take?1 large fish,bread,4 chicken thighs,2 kilos 1 large fish,bread,4 chicken thighs,2 kilos porkpork2 litres milk,1 kilo fresh beef
11、,8 chicken 2 litres milk,1 kilo fresh beef,8 chicken wings,1 doz eggs,1 fresh fishwings,1 doz eggs,1 fresh fish1 litre milk,some bread,4 chicken breasts,1 litre milk,some bread,4 chicken breasts,1 doz eggs,1 kilo fresh fish1 doz eggs,1 kilo fresh fish2 litres milk,1 doz eggs,2 kilos fish,1 2 litres
12、milk,1 doz eggs,2 kilos fish,1 whole chicken whole chicken Which shopping list does the speaker take?Which shopping list does the speaker take?A.B.C.D.(Which)Accident:A car crashed into a tree.Some people were trapped in the car.Weather condition:There was a heavy rain.Date of call:June 3,2006Time o
13、f call:9:30 p.m.What time did Mrs Green call the police?What time did Mrs Green call the police?Accident:A car crashed into a tree.Some people were trapped in the car.Weather condition:There was a heavy rain.Date of call:June 3,2006Time of call:9:30 p.m.A.At 9:00 a.m.B.At 9:30 p.m.C.At 9:40 p.m.D.At
14、 9:45 p.m.(What time)Why do Canadians and Americans often invite Why do Canadians and Americans often invite friends for meals at home?friends for meals at home?A.Because they can save time.A.Because they can save time.B.Because they can spend less money.B.Because they can spend less money.C.Because
15、 they enjoy entertaining at home.C.Because they enjoy entertaining at home.D.Because they have modern and beautiful D.Because they have modern and beautiful houses.houses.In Canada and the United States,In Canada and the United States,people enjoy entertaining(people enjoy entertaining(请客请客请客请客)at h
16、ome.)at home.They often invite friends over for a meal,a They often invite friends over for a meal,a party,or just for coffee and conversation.party,or just for coffee and conversation.(Why)(Why)Here are the kinds of things people Here are the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to t
17、heir say when they invite someone to their home:home:“Would you like to come over for dinner “Would you like to come over for dinner Saturday night?”Saturday night?”Sometimes,however,people use Sometimes,however,people use expressions that sound like invitations but expressions that sound like invit
18、ations but which are not real invitations.For example:which are not real invitations.For example:“Please come over for a drink sometime.”“Please come over for a drink sometime.”They are not real invitations because they They are not real invitations because they dont mention a specific time or date.
19、dont mention a specific time or date.Which of the following is a real invitation?Which of the following is a real invitation?Which of the following is a real Which of the following is a real invitation?invitation?A.“If youre free,lets go for a drink A.“If youre free,lets go for a drink sometime.”som
20、etime.”B.“Please go to the cinema with me some B.“Please go to the cinema with me some day.”day.”C.“Would you like to have a cup of tea with C.“Would you like to have a cup of tea with us sometime?”us sometime?”D.“Ive two tickets here.Can you go to the D.“Ive two tickets here.Can you go to the conce
21、rt with me?”concert with me?”(Which statement is true according to the(Which statement is true according to the passage?)passage?)Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir or Madam,Last Thursday,I travled on the 8:00 train from Last Thursday,I travled on the 8:00 train from Glasgow to London Kings Cross and I was
22、Glasgow to London Kings Cross and I was quite angry with the service of your quite angry with the service of your pany.The train didnt come on timeWe had further The train didnt come on timeWe had further delays on the way and had to wait another delays on the way and had to wait another thirty minu
23、tes.As a result,I missed my thirty minutes.As a result,I missed my plane from London to Frankfurt and had to plane from London to Frankfurt and had to wait for several hours wait for several hours Your faithfullyYour faithfullyDavid RobertsonDavid Robertson How did David go to Frankfurt from London?
24、How did David go to Frankfurt from London?(How)(How)How did David go to Frankfurt from London?How did David go to Frankfurt from London?Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir or Madam,Last Thursday,I travled on the 8:00 train from Last Thursday,I travled on the 8:00 train from Glasgow to London Kings Cross and
25、I was Glasgow to London Kings Cross and I was quite angry with the service of your company.quite angry with the service of your company.The train didnt come on timeWe had further The train didnt come on timeWe had further delays on the way and had to wait another delays on the way and had to wait an
26、other thirty minutes.As a result,I missed my plane thirty minutes.As a result,I missed my plane from London to Frankfurt and had to wait for from London to Frankfurt and had to wait for several hours several hours Your faithfullyYour faithfullyDavid RobertsonDavid RobertsonA.By plane.By plane.B.By b
27、us.B.By bus.C.By car.C.By car.D.By train.D.By train.2、什么是整体概括题？从文章的整体层从文章的整体层从文章的整体层从文章的整体层面上设置的主观面上设置的主观面上设置的主观面上设置的主观概括题，如：为概括题，如：为概括题，如：为概括题，如：为本文选择一个恰本文选择一个恰本文选择一个恰本文选择一个恰当的题目、推测当的题目、推测当的题目、推测当的题目、推测本文作者想要表本文作者想要表本文作者想要表本文作者想要表达的意图等。达的意图等。达的意图等。达的意图等。What is the main idea of What is the main ide
28、a of this passage?this passage?What does the passage What does the passage want to tell us?/What want to tell us?/What does the writer actually does the writer actually want to say?(the want to say?(the writers attention)writers attention)Which is the proper title Which is the proper title according
29、 to the according to the passage?passage?In Canada and the United States,people In Canada and the United States,people enjoy entertaining at home.They often invite.enjoy entertaining at home.They often invite.Here are the kinds of things people say when Here are the kinds of things people say when t
30、hey invite someone to their home:they invite someone to their home:So next time when you hear what sounds like So next time when you hear what sounds like an invitation,listen carefully.Is it a real invitation an invitation,listen carefully.Is it a real invitation or is the person just being friendl
31、y?or is the person just being friendly?The passage is mainly about _.The passage is mainly about _.A.entertainment at homeA.entertainment at homeB.real invitations or notB.real invitations or notC.expressions of starting a conversationC.expressions of starting a conversationD.ways of ending a conver
32、sationD.ways of ending a conversation (main idea)Each year there is an increasing number Each year there is an increasing number of cars of cars Most Americans find it hard to think what Most Americans find it hard to think what life would be without a car.However,some life would be without a car.Ho
33、wever,some have realized the serious problem of air have realized the serious problem of air pollution by carspollution by cars One way to get rid of the polluted air is to One way to get rid of the polluted air is to Another way is to Another way is to To prevent the world cut down on the To preven
34、t the world cut down on the number of their carsgo to work by bikenumber of their carsgo to work by bike Although cars have brought us a better life,they have also brought us new problems.The writer wants to tell us that _.The writer wants to tell us that _.A.Riding a bike is the only way out.B.The
35、number of cars must be cut downC.Man wont live without carsD.Cars bring us not only a better life but also serious problems.(the writers attention)Which is the best title for the passage?A.A New Way to Get Rid of Polluted AirB.Cars and Polluted AirC.Many Serious Problems in the USAD.Changes in Car P
36、roduction(the best title)3、什么是理解推测题？根据文章的上下文，猜测某个词在该情根据文章的上下文，猜测某个词在该情境中的具体含义；境中的具体含义；根据对文章片断的理解，重新排列成正根据对文章片断的理解，重新排列成正确的顺序；确的顺序；根据所给的部分文章内容，推测其故事根据所给的部分文章内容，推测其故事结尾或其他部分。结尾或其他部分。In the passage,the word In the passage,the word“mastermaster”means means“_”in Chinese.in Chinese.A.A.服务员服务员服务员服务员 B.B.邻居
37、邻居邻居邻居 C.C.佣人佣人佣人佣人 D.D.主人主人主人主人 .The wolf saw that the dog was fat and .The wolf saw that the dog was fat and comfortable,so he asked,“Cousin dog,do comfortable,so he asked,“Cousin dog,do you know where I can find some food?”“Oh,you know where I can find some food?”“Oh,there is always food in my ho
38、use,”said the there is always food in my house,”said the dog.“My master gives me plenty of meat.”dog.“My master gives me plenty of meat.”“Master?”said the wolf.“Whats that?”“Master?”said the wolf.“Whats that?”“The man I work for,”said the dog.“My job “The man I work for,”said the dog.“My job is easy
39、.I”is easy.I”Coffeehouses and the London Stock Exchange In the 17th century London,coffeehouses were busy and noisy places.Businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses to their business,as well as to drink coffee.In fact,the London Stock Exchange(股票交易所股票交易所)is believed to have started from these cof
40、feehouses.From the last paragraph（段落）（段落）we can see.A.a new business was started in coffeehousesB.coffeehouses are still used by businessmen and bankersC.businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses just for coffee D.most people wouldnt like to go to coffeehouses because of the noise Coffeehouses an
41、d the London Stock Exchange In the 17th century London,coffeehouses were busy and noisy places.Businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses to their business,as well as to drink coffee.In fact,the London Stock Exchange(股票交易所股票交易所)is believed to have started from these coffeehouses.From the last para
42、graph（段落）（段落）we can see.It is a beautiful day in June.The sun is It is a beautiful day in June.The sun is hot.Its time to harvest strawberries,and hot.Its time to harvest strawberries,and the strawberry fields are full of people.the strawberry fields are full of people.They are picking fruit for fun
43、.They can buy They are picking fruit for fun.They can buy strawberries in a supermarket,but it is strawberries in a supermarket,but it is cheaper to pick their own fruit.Strawberries cheaper to pick their own fruit.Strawberries from the farm are also fresher.from the farm are also fresher.The story
44、implies(The story implies(暗示暗示暗示暗示)that strawberries in)that strawberries in the supermarket are _.the supermarket are _.A.larger B.less fresh A.larger B.less fresh C.cheaper D.better for your health C.cheaper D.better for your health三、解题技巧：1.通常老师出题时会考虑通常老师出题时会考虑通常老师出题时会考虑通常老师出题时会考虑一个段落出一题一个段落出一题一个段
45、落出一题一个段落出一题，因此，同学们做题时可以按照这个思路一因此，同学们做题时可以按照这个思路一因此，同学们做题时可以按照这个思路一因此，同学们做题时可以按照这个思路一段一段地向下找答案。段一段地向下找答案。段一段地向下找答案。段一段地向下找答案。2.答题前可以答题前可以答题前可以答题前可以先通读全文先通读全文先通读全文先通读全文，同时有意识地把，同时有意识地把，同时有意识地把，同时有意识地把一些关键词句勾画下来，以便答题时能迅一些关键词句勾画下来，以便答题时能迅一些关键词句勾画下来，以便答题时能迅一些关键词句勾画下来，以便答题时能迅速找到相应的答案。速找到相应的答案。速找到相应的答案。速找到
46、相应的答案。3.如果时间紧张，如果时间紧张，如果时间紧张，如果时间紧张，也可以先读题也可以先读题也可以先读题也可以先读题，再根据每，再根据每，再根据每，再根据每一段开头的主题句，到相应的段落中找答一段开头的主题句，到相应的段落中找答一段开头的主题句，到相应的段落中找答一段开头的主题句，到相应的段落中找答案。案。案。案。同学们在练习中要注意：有意识地针对自己的薄弱点做一些练习：有意识地针对自己的薄弱点做一些练习：有意识地针对自己的薄弱点做一些练习：有意识地针对自己的薄弱点做一些练习：如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似的题目如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似的题目如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似
47、的题目如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似的题目时都要时都要时都要时都要在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来；如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼自己自己自己自己找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句（可以（可以（可以（可以参照语文阅读中的相应做题方法），把这些句参照语文阅读中的相应做题方法），把这些句参照语文阅读中的
48、相应做题方法），把这些句参照语文阅读中的相应做题方法），把这些句子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。中考链接 My favourite great book is My favourite great book is The Adventure of The Adventure of Tom SawyerTom Sawyer by
49、 Mark Twain.Tom lives with his by Mark Twain.Tom lives with his aunt Polly in a quiet street of St Petersburg,aunt Polly in a quiet street of St Petersburg,Missouri.Hes a lively and clever young boy,and Missouri.Hes a lively and clever young boy,and he finds himself in many exciting adventures(he fi
50、nds himself in many exciting adventures(冒险冒险冒险冒险).He runs away with his two friends,Huck Finn).He runs away with his two friends,Huck Finn and Joe,to an island in the middle of the and Joe,to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River for several days.With Huck he Mississippi River for several