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1、会计学1英语复合句的用法英语复合句的用法 The Complex Sentences in Junior English:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：The Object Clause(宾 语 从 句)、The Adverbial Clause(状 语 从 句)和 The Attributive Clause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。第1页/共20页 【速记口诀】【速记口诀】+宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。+一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。一是关键引导词，不
2、同句子词相异。+陈述句子用陈述句子用thatthat；一般疑问是否替；（；一般疑问是否替；（if if，whetherwhether）+特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。+二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。+主句若为现主句若为现在在时，从句时态应看时，从句时态应看意意；+主句若为过主句若为过去去时，从句时态向前时，从句时态向前移移。+三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。第2页/共20页.The Object Clause(宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语
3、+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序.She said(that she was from TCL.).)主句主句 引导词引导词 主语主语 谓语谓语第3页/共20页 1.that+陈述句的宾语从句主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。例如:He says that_.(他想要和你通话)Im sorry(that)_ 他现在不在这里 that本身无意义,不充当任何成分
4、,常被省略he wants to speak to you.he isnt here right now.第4页/共20页Note:1.宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。I think chickens can not swim.()I dont think chickens can swim.()此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong,_?He thinks he
5、is right,_?isnt hedoesnt he第5页/共20页2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句一般疑问句的宾语从句 if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if 多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：She asked me if/whether_.我是否能帮助她 I dont know if/whether_ 是否将要下雨用陈述句语序用陈述句语序I could help herit is going to rain.第6页/共20页Note:只用只用whether的四种情况：的四种情况：2.直接与o
6、r not连用时 I dont know whether or not they will come.1.在介词后 I m thinking of whether we should go fishing.3.Whether+动词不定式 Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one.4.宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not,I cant say.第7页/共20页3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和 连接副词when,where how,why+特殊疑问
7、句 的宾语从句 例如:Do you know_?谁下午将要来 Did you hear_?她说过什么吗 We didnt know _ 她将什么时候回来 Who will come this afternoonwhat he saidwhen she would come back.连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份,不能省略(主语)(宾语)(状语)第8页/共20页 关于宾语从句的时态对应关于宾语从句的时态对应*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制He says that he _to see him as soo
8、n as possible.(want)He said that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)The teacher told us that the earth _round the sun.(go)wantswantedgoes 主句 从句 1、一般现在时 A.过去的某一种时态 2、一般过去时 B.根据句意选择时态第9页/共20页.The Adverbial Clause(状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。When you get off the bus,you must
9、nt push others.(时间状语从句)主句My mother will come if it doesnt rain tomorrow.主句主句 (条件状语从句条件状语从句)第10页/共20页 Note:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列 规律确定。1)主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.The boy will be a writer when he grows up.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：e.g.When the lights are red,the traffic must stop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：e.g.Please
10、dont go to bed before you finish your homework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：e.g.I liked reading when I was young.第11页/共20页 B)The Adverbial Clause of Place(地点状语从句地点状语从句)1)Introduced by where e.g.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2)Introduced by wherever e.g.Ill go wherever you go.第12页/共20页C)The Adv
11、erbial Clause of Manner(方式状语从句方式状语从句)1)Introduced by as e.g.Ill do all the things as you told me.2)Introduced by as if/though(可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况，也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况)e.g.It looks as if its going to rain.He looks as if he were young.3)Introduced by the way e.g.I dont like the way he talks.第13页/共20页D)The Ad
12、verbial Clause of Reason(原因状语从句原因状语从句)1)Introduced by becausebecause语气最强，它着重说明原因。用why提问的问句必须用because回答，不能用as,since；e.g.-Why didnt he come?-Because he was ill.2)Introduced by sincesince语气比较弱，表示关系上的自然结果，尤其用于对已经清楚了的因素，常译成“既然”，“鉴于”，通常从句放在主句前；e.g.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life,Mr Smith wante
13、d to give John a chance.第14页/共20页 3)Introduced by as as语气最弱，只表示一般的因果关系，从句放在主句前或后均可；e.g.As he didnt know the meaning of the word,he looked it up in his dictionary.Note:for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.The oil must be out,for the light went out.第15页/共20页E)The Adverbial Clause of Condition(
14、条件状语从句)1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=if not)引导，从句中常用一般时代替将来时，即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是，主句则通常用将来时，情态动词或祈使句。e.g.If he doesnt come on time,we wont know what to know.He must come if he is told.Please let me know if he comes back.Ill go there unless it rains.第16页/共20页 2)If 条件句的替代形式：条件句的替代形式：（1）祈使句+and/or+陈
15、述句（谓语动词通常用将来时态）。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。e.g.If you work hard,youll pass the exam easily.=Work hard,and youll pass the exam easily.If you dont work hard,youll fall behind others.=Work hard,or youll fall behind others.（2）用介词with,without的替代形式：e.g.If there is no water,the fish may die.=Fish may die w
16、ithout water.If you help me,Ill finish my task on time.=With your help,Ill finish my task on time.第17页/共20页F)The Adverbial Clause of Concession(让步状语从句让步状语从句)1)Introduced by though/although e.g.Though he tried many times,he failed to work it out.2)Introduced by wh-ever e.g.Whatever he says(=No matter
17、 what he says),dont believe him.3)Introduced by even if/even though e.g.Even if he is poor,she loves her husband.(He may be poor,yet she loves him.)即使他穷了，她也仍然爱他。Even though he is poor,she still loves her husband.(He is poor,yet she loves him.)尽管他穷，但她仍然爱他。第18页/共20页+结果状语从句助记歌诀：结果状语从句助记歌诀：+结果状语从句有特点，结果状语从句有特点，so that so that 之前有逗点；之前有逗点；+目的从句无逗号，却有目的从句无逗号，却有“情动情动”在从句间，在从句间，+直观区别非绝对，关键句意来判断。直观区别非绝对，关键句意来判断。+so that so that 从句变简单句的助记歌诀：从句变简单句的助记歌诀：+so that so that 合在一起，引导从句表目的。合在一起，引导从句表目的。+若要变成简单句，若要变成简单句，in order to in order to 来代替；来代替；+不定式可以用，不定式可以用，so as to so as to 也可能。也可能。第19页/共20页