《2021-2022学年高中英语语法专题20间接引语教案(含解析)新人教版必修1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021-2022学年高中英语语法专题20间接引语教案(含解析)新人教版必修1.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、二十、间接引语1概述1 .引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语（direct speech）, 一般直接引语前后要加引号。如：Mr. Black said, Im busy. 布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语）.用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语（indirect speech）, 一般间接引语不用引号， 而用宾语从句来表达。Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语）.从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时，除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接 引语中的人称和时态进展相应的变化，如上例直接引语中
2、的I改成了 he,am那么改成了 was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题分述如下：2当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去）,that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要 作相应的变化.1 .人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称（如：I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours）变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。如：He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它”。-*Ile sai
3、d that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。（I 改为 he, it 不变）把直接引语中的第二人称(you, your, yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无话 人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。He said, You told me this story.他说：你给我讲过这个故事。”-*He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You 改为 I, me 改为 him, told 改为 had told) 直接引语中的第三人称(he, him, his, she, h
4、er, hers, it, its, they, their, theirs, them) 变为间接引语时，人称不变。He said to me, Shes left her book in your room”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间 里去了。-*He told me that she had left her book in my room.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里 (She* s-*she had, her 不变，your-*my).时态的变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，在接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作 相应的变化。直接引语改为间
5、接引语时，动词时态相应变化如下：He said, I usually watch TV on Sunday. * 他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。- *He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, Im using the knife.他说：“我正在用小刀。”*He said that ho was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。She said, “1 have not heard from him since May.她说：自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。- *She said that
6、 she had not heard from him since May.她说自五月以来她就没收到他 的来信。He said, “I came to help you.他说：我来帮助你。”*IIc said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。lie said, “ I had finished my homework before supper.他说:“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作 业。Zhou Lan said, “Ill
7、do it after class.周兰说：下课后我就去做。*Zhou Lan said that she wou 1 d do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。He said, “I shall be doing my homework then.他说:“那时我将正在做作业。”f He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。He said, “We shall have finished the work by that time.他说：“我们将在那时以前 完成工作。Tie said that
8、 they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时 前完成工作。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时二 变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said, “The earth is round. * 教师说：”地球是圆的。”*The teacher said that the earth is round.教师说地球是圆的。He said, I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说：“我 1965 年生于山东。”*IIc said that ho
9、was born in Shangdong in 1965.他说他 1965 年生于山东。He said,Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说：哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。”He said Columbus discovered America inl492.他说哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变 为间接引语时，时态一律不变He says, “I finished the work.他说：“我做完工作了。-He says that he finished the work
10、.他说他做完工作了。He will say, “I have watered the flowers.他会说：我己经浇花了。”*He will say he has watered Ihe flowers.他会说他己经浇花了。2 .指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表:指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightthis week (month.)that week (month.)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month.)the week(month.)befo
11、retwo weeks (month)agotwo weeks(months)beforetomorrowthe next daynext week (month.)the next week (month).地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake直接引语间接引语He said, *1 met Mr. Smith this morning.他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。He said that he had met Mr. Smi th that morning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday
12、. * 他说：“我们昨天去电影院了。*He said they had gone to the cinema the day before.他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lily said, “I will come back next month.”莉莉说：我下个月回来。“Lily said that she would go back the next month.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。He said, “It is nine oclock now.他说：“现在九点了。“*He said that it was nine o* clock then.他说那时九点了。He said, I ha
13、ven, t seen her today. w 他说：“今天我没见到她。”He said that he hadn* t seen her that day.他说那天他没有见到她。She said, “I went there yesterday. M 她说：“昨天我去了那儿。”*She said that she had gone there the day. before.她说前一天她去了那儿。She said, “Ill go there tomorrow. w 她说:“明天我将去那儿。”*She said that she wou 1 d go there the next day.
14、她说第二天她将去那儿。He said, “My sister was here three days ago.他说：三天前我妹妹在这儿。“He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那 儿。(here-there； ago-before)She said, “I wi 11 come here this evening. H 她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。(come-go； here-there； t
15、his-that)以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当 地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或 tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语 连用，间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Father said, M I am free this afternoon父亲说：我今天下午有空。-Father said that he was free this afternoon.父亲说他今天下午有空。He said, I am going there tom
16、orrow. * 他说“我明天去那里。-*He said that he was going there tomorrow.他说他明天去那里。巧记：去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。3当直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时 态等相应的变化同上。巧记：if (或、vhcthcr)替引号，陈述语序要记牢。时态人称和状语要变化，千万别把它忘掉。1 .直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如 果主句中的谓语动词为said,那么将其改为asked
17、。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加 上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。She said, Is your father an engineer?* 她说：“你父亲是工程师吗?”-*She asked me whether my father was anengineor.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。The teacher said to Li Ming, Have you finished your homework?w 教师对李明说：“你 做完作业了吗？f The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his
18、 homework.教师问李明是否 已做完作业了。2 .直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问式的动 词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said,那么将其改为asked。巧记：直接去引号，陈述语序莫忘掠。助动do(docs)、did,要去掉。“What do you do every Sunday morning?/ my friend said to me.我的朋友问我说，每 星期天上午你做什么？-*My friend ask
19、ed me what I did every Sunday morning.我的朋友问我每星期天上午我 做什么。“Where have you been, Li Ming?”the teacher asked.教师问道：你上哪里去了,李明？“-The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.教师问李明曾去过哪儿。I asked her, “How many English books will you read next term?* 我问她说：“下学期 你将读多少本英语书？-*I asked her how many English books she
20、 would read the next term.我问她下学期将 读多少本英文书。“When did you get up this morning?，zasked my father.我父亲问道：“今天早晨你什么 时候起床的？ -*My father asked me when I had got up that morning.我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时 候起床的。注意：直接引语里是：Whats wrong with?/What* s the matter?/What，s thetrouble?/What has happened?/等特殊疑问句时，间接引语的语序不变。He said
21、to herWhats the matter with you?他问她“你怎么了?”-*He asked her what was the matter with her.他问她怎么了。4当直接引语是祈使句时巧记：去掉引号要加to； ask, order须记住，直引假设是否认式，not,加在lo前部。转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句了的 意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否认式，在不定式的前面加nol。如果 祈使句中有please 一词，改为间接引语时,就将please去掉。成为:told (asked, ordered, wa
22、rned) someone (not) to do something 构造。He said, “Sit down, please.”他说：请坐。”-*He asked me to sit down.他让我坐下。The teacher said, Dont talk in class!* 教师说：“上课不要讲话！”-*The teacher told us not to talk in class!教师要我们上课不要讲话。The captain said to his men, Fire!”上尉对他的士兵们说开火！The captain ordered his men to fire.上尉命令他的士兵们开火！The policeman said to the children, Dont play football in the middle of thestreet.警察对孩子们说：“别在马路中间踢足球。”-The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street. 警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。