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1、十、时态 一般现在时1一般现在时表现在.表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。如：My sister wears glasses.我妹妹戴眼镜。He often goes to the cinema.他经常去看电影。注意：询问某人的习惯时，有时还可用ever。如：D。you ever eat meat?你吃肉吗？“No, I never eat meat. H ”从不吃肉。”1 .表示现在（或经常性）的情况或状态。如：Mother is ill.母亲病了。He is always like that.他总是那样。He likes living in the country.他喜欢住在乡下。We nee
2、d a lot of money.我们需要一大笔钱。2 .表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。如：He sings well.他唱歌唱得好。Mr. Smith teaches French.史密斯先生教法语。3 .表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。如：Summer follows spring. 春去夏来。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。B： I am going to take some pics.A:the box is too heavyB:I will help you t
3、o carry it.A:I have left my watch upstairs.B:r 11 get it for you.当机立断的决定，我们只能用will来表达。这一般是表示说话人事先并不知道，而是随 着谈话的进展，在得知了新信息之后才做出的决定。这不是在预测，更不是在预先方案。比拟总结如下：预测will/be going to人称主语或非人称主语意图打算be going to人称主语意愿/当机立断的决定will人称主语如：Husband:There isn t any milk in the fridge.wife:I will buy some after work.用will说
4、明这是当机立断的决定，指丈夫先发现没有牛奶，告诉她之后，她才决定去买奶。I will buy.当机立断的决定，在说话时刻才做出Husband:There isn, t any milk left in the fridge.wife:I am going to buy some after work.用be going to说明这是预先方案好的决定。意指她先发现没有牛奶，并已经决定去买牛奶, 然后她丈夫才发现。预先计划好的决定，在说话前已经做出了现在进展时一般现在时(The Present Indefinile)表示现在成为习惯或经常性的动作；现在进展时(ThePresent Continuo
5、us)那么表示现在正在进展的动作。1现在进展时的构成肯定句：主语+ am/is/are +现在分词否认句：主语+ am/is/are + not +现在分词疑问句：Am/Is/Are +主语+现在分词?疑问代词/疑问副词+ am/is/are +主语+现在分词？2现在进展时的肯定句主语be动词现在分词句型：主语+ am/is/are +现在分词第一人称IAmV ing.第三人称单数She, He, ItIs第二人称单数Youare所有人称复数You, We, They构成方式：如：They are cleaning the house.他们在清扫屋子。He is brushing his te
6、eth.他正在刷牙。Mother is waiting for ma 母亲在等我。3现在进展时的否认句句型：主语+ am/is/are + not +现在分词现在进展时的否认句是在助动词am/is/are后加not：如：r m not doing anything right now.我现在没做什么事情。She is not dancing, but doing exercise.她不是在跳舞,而是在锻炼。4现在进展时的疑问句一般疑问句句型：Am/Is/Are +主语+现在分词？答复方式:Yes,主语+ am/is/are.No,主语 + am/is/are + not.1 .现在进展时的疑问
7、句是将助动词am/is/are置于主语之前（大写am/is/are的第一个字 母），在句尾加问号，这种语序是倒装语序。如：Are you 1 eaving already?你这么早就要走了吗？一Is it raining now?现在下雨吗？Yes, it is. /No it isnt.是的，在下雨。/不，不下了。Are they helping the old lady?他们在帮助这位老妇人吗?一Yes, they are. /No, they arent.是的。/不，没帮助她。2 .特殊疑问句句型：疑问代词/疑问副词+ am/is/are +主语+现在分词？现在进展时的特殊疑问句是将疑问
8、代词/疑问副词等置于助动词am/is/are之前（am/is/are 的第个字母无需大写），和般疑问句差不多：这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时，将 疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词am/is/are之前，在句尾加问号，这种语 序是陈述句语序。如：一Who arc you waiting for?你在等谁?I* m not waiting for anybody.我没在等谁。What are you doing?你在干什么？一I, m just tying up my shoelaces.我在系鞋带。一What are you looking for?你在寻找什么？一r m look
9、ing for my keys.我在找钥匙。一What time arc you coming back?你打算什么时候回来？一r m not sure what time Im coming back.我不能肯定我将在什么时候回来。What* s your brother planning to do tomorrow?你兄弟明天打算做什么？一He cant decide what to do.他还没定要做什么。一Where are you going?你到哪去？一I* m going home.我回家去。一How are you feeling today?你今天感觉怎样?一I dont
10、feel very well this morning.今天早上我感觉不太舒服。由于使用了 be动词，因此进展时的否认句和疑问句的构成方式与be动词的否认句和疑问句 的构成方式一样。5现在进展时的根本用法1 .表示说话时正在进展的动作。常和now连用，有时和动词如look, listen等连用，表示 “现在”这一概念。如：Listen! Birds are singing.听！鸟在歌唱。Look! he train is just getting into the station.看！火车进站啦。He is reading now.他在看书。The house is being painted
11、.房子正在上油漆。表示现阶段正在进展着的动作。现阶段正在进展着的动作，不定指说话时正在进展着 的动作。常和at present （目前），this week （本周），these days （这几天）等时间状语 连用。如：Were looking for a house to rent for the summer.我们在找一栋房子想租一个夏 天。Are you trying to find a furnished house?你是想找一栋有家具的房子吗？What courses are you studying this term?你这学期学哪几门课？2 .表示当前的动向如：People a
12、rc getting less tolerant of smoking these days.如今人们对吸烟较为难 以容忍了。Houses are costing more these days.如今房价越来越贵了。She is resembling her mother more and more as the years go by.随着年龄的增长，她 越来越像她母亲了。3 .表示事先方案好的动作（指将来）。表示一个在最近按方案将进展的动作或为将来安排好 的活动，通常需要一个表示时间的状语。如：We are spending next summer in England.我们将要在英国度过
13、明年夏天。r m getting married lomorrow.我明天就要结婚了。JU arrive （到达），come （到来），go （走、离去），leave （离开）等动词的现在进展时描 写行程安排，有“将到达和“将离去”的意思：如：Hes arriving tomorrow morning on the 7:30 train.明天早上他将乘 7 时 30 分的火 车到达。Christmas is coming soon.圣诞节很快就到了。r m leaving England and going to live in Spain.我将离开英国去西班牙定居。4 .重复的动作。副词al
14、ways （表示屡次），repeatedly （再三地），forever （老是、不断 地）等可与进展时连用，表示不断重复的动作。如:Shes always helping people.她经常帮助别人。Hes alwciys causing trouble.他总是在制造麻烦。The little boy is forever asking questions.这小男孩老是没完没了地问问题。6一般现在时和现在进展时的区别1 . 一般现在时表示经常性的动作；现在进展时表示暂时性的动作。如：一Do you ever eat meat?你平常吃肉吗？一No, I never eat meat.不，我
15、从不吃肉。（习惯、经常性的动作）I* m eating meat now.我正在吃肉。（暂时性的动作）My brother always forgets to wash behind his ears.我弟弟老是忘记洗耳后根的地方。2 .现在进展时有时可代替一般现在时:表达说话人的某种感情色彩，与always, forever 连用。如：Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.我们的防盗报警器不知怎 么常常失灵。（含有抱怨的意思）You are always forgetting the important thing.你总是把
16、重要的事情忘掉。（表达不满 情绪）How are you fee 1 ing today?你今天感觉怎样？（比 How do you feel today?显得更亲 切些J过去进展时过去进展时（The Past Continuous）主要表示过去某个时刻正在进展的动作，由be动词的 过去式加现在分词构成。1过去进展时的构成肯定句：主语+was/were+现在分词否认句：主语+was/were+not+现在分词疑问句：gs/Were+主语+现在分词？疑问代词/疑问副词+was/were+主语+现在分词？2 过去进展时的肯定句句型：主语+was/were+现在分词过去进展时的构成方式：主语be动词
17、现在分词第一人称IwasV ing.第三人称单数She, He, It第二人称单数Youwere所有人称复数You, We, They如：All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那时，所有 的小学生都在教室里写作业。By the time we got there, it was already getting dark.等我们赶到那里时,天已经黑 下来了。3 过去进展时的否认句句型：主语+was/were+not+现在分词.过去进展时的否认句是在助动词was/were后加not,后接现在分词。如：The
18、y were not pkiying basketball, but playing volleyball.他们不是在打篮球, 而是打排球。过去进展时的一般疑问句句型：Was/Kere+主语+现在分词.?答复方式：Yes,主语+was/were.No 主语+was/were+noJ.过去进展时的一般疑问句是将助动词was/were置于主语之前（大写was/were的第一个字 母），在句尾加问号；这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序。如：一Were you having dinner when they came?他们来的时候,你们是否在吃饭?一Yes, we were. /No, we werent.
19、是的，在吃饭。/不，不在吃饭。5过去进展时的特殊疑问句1 .句型：疑问代词（主语）+was/were+现在分词?疑问代词/疑问副词+was/vere+主语+现在分词？过去进展时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词was/were之前（was/were的 第一个字母无需大写），和一般疑问句差不多，在句尾加问号；这种语序是主语和谓语倒装 语序。就主语提问时，将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词was/were之前, 在句尾加问号；这种语序是陈述句语序：如：一Who was singing last night?昨晚是谁在唱歌?Tom was singing last nighl.
20、（就主语提问）是汤姆。一What was she doing when he called?当他来访时，她在做什么？一She was reading when he called.她在看书。（就宾语提问）What was that man doing in your room?那个男人在你房间里做什么？（就宾语提问）2 .现在进展时和过去进展时的构成方式的比拟:现在进行时IamnotV-ing.He, She, ItisYou, They, Weare过去进行时IwasHe, She, ItwasYou, They, Wewere时态主语现在分词benot6过去进展时的根本用法1 .表示过去某
21、个时刻或某一阶段正在进展的动作常和表示过去时间的状语如then （那时），at this （that） time （在这时/那时），yesterday 昨天），last year （去年）等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，此时需通过 上下文来表示。如:一What were you doing at about 4 oclock yesterday afternoon?昨天下午 4 点钟 左右你在做什么？一I was listening to music.我在听音乐。Jane was working on her homework last night.简昨晚在写作业。2 .在某事（动
22、作）发生前开场的动作过去进展时和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。用过去进展时表示过去正在进展的动作。 过去进展时可用于主句，亦可用于从句。如：Just as I was leaving the house, the telephone rang.我正要出门，铃响了。（用于从句）He broke his log when ho was playing football.他踢足球的时候把腿伤了。（用于从句） She was reading when he called.他来访时，她正在看书。（用于主句）3 .表示同时进展的动作如：While you were writing letters, I
23、was reading a book.你写信的时候，我在看书。While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the telephone.我们吃早饭的时候，约翰在打4 .表示过去将来的动作 过去进展时亦可表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。如：She was leaving early the next morning.第二天一早她就要离开此地了。（从过去某 时间看）She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.她问他晚饭是否回家来吃。(用于间接 引语中）We were co
24、ming to see you, but it rained (so we didnt).我们本预备来看你，只是 下雨了 。5 .表示客气的询问用过去进展时比用一般过去时更客气，更不肯定。如：I was wondering about it.我对那事感到疑惑。I was wondering how to get there quickly/where to spend the weekend.我想知道怎样 才能迅速到达那里/在何处度周末。7过去进展时和一般过去时的区别过去进展时表示过去某时正在进展的动作，强调动作的连续性。一般过去时表示一个完成的 动作，即用一般过去时只表示有过这件事或比拟短暂
25、的动作：如：He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday.昨天他和女朋友通过。He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.我进来时,他在和女 朋友通It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨。（不一定是一整天）过去将来时一般现在时表将来1 .当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用般现在时表将来。如：r 11 write to her when I have time.我有空会给她写信。Turn off the lights befo
26、re you leave. 走前关灯。If we hurry, wc may catch the bus.如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。Te 11 me in case you get into difficulty.遇到困难请告诉我。除表示时间和条件的状语从句外，表示让步、相似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表 示将来。如：I* 11 follow him wherever he goes.他去哪儿,我就跟着去哪儿。Whatever you say, I won* t pay.无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。Whether we help him or not, he will fail.无论
27、我们帮他与否,他都会失败。I* 11 have a good time whether I win or lose.赢也好，输也好，我都将会玩好。The more you eat, the fatter you will become.你吃得越多就会越胖。另外，当主句为用将来时态时，定语从句也通常用一般现在时表将来。如：r 11 give you anything you ask for.你要什么我都给你。You can have anything I find.我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。Everyone who comes first will get a present.每个先来的人都
28、可得到一份礼物。2 .按照英语习惯，一个句子中假设主要动词已经说明了所谈论动作的时间，那么与之相关 的其他动词就不必再次指明同一时间，而往往使用一个比拟简单的时态，如用一般现在时表 示一般将来时等。比拟。如：This discovery means that we will spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减 少在食品上的花费。This discovery will moan that wc spend less on food.这一发现意味着我们将减少在 食品上的花费。3 .在 make sure （弄清楚），make certain （弄清楚）,take care
29、 （注意，留神），be careful （注 意、留神），mind（注意），watch（注意）等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来 意义。过去将来时的定义过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He said he would come here next Friday.他说他下周星期五来这儿。I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.我知道当我们陷入困境时它会 帮助我们。2过去将来时的构造1. would +动词原形。如：She told us that she would try he
30、r best to catch up with other classmates this term.她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本期赶上其他同学们。When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you.过去当你请她帮助时， 他绝不会拒绝。2. was / were going to + 动词原形。如：He told us that he was going to attend the meeting.他告诉我说他要参加那次会 议。He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at t
31、he railway station. 他说将要 拍我去火车站接她。3. was / were to + 动词原形。如：The building was to be completed next month.这座建筑改在下个月竣工。Li Lei was to arrive soon.李蕾很快就要到了。4. was / were about to + 动词原形。如：We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就 在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。He was about to have lunc
32、h when the bell rang.就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响起来 了。5. was / were +现在分词。如：He was leaving the next day.他第二天要走了。We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon.我们接至通知说 领导们很快要来我们学校。3过去将来时的用法1 .过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：He said he would stay with us.他说他要与我们呆在一起。He said he would never go there again.
33、他说他绝不会再去那儿。2 .过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。如：If I were you, I would not do that.要是我是你的话，我就不会那样做。If he were here, he would show us how to do it.如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该 如何做了。4拓展was / were going to + 动词原形；was / were to + 动词原形；was / were about to + 动 词原形等构造都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。如：The conference was going to be held the next mon
34、th. 会议下个月开。Wc were to have our class at eight.八点我们该上课了。I was about to tel 1 him about it when Wu Dong got in.就在我要告诉他时，吴东进来 了。将来进展时 将来进展时（The Future Continuous）表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作。将来进展时由ttshall/will + be动词+现在分词构成。shall用于第一人称,will用 于各种人称。1将来进展时的构成将来进展时由shall be+现在分词（第一人称），will be+现在分词（笫二、三人称）构成。肯定句:
35、主语+ shall/will + be +现在分词否认句：主语+ shall/will + not + be +现在分词疑问句：Shall/Will +主语+ be +现在分词.?疑问代词/疑问副词+ shall/will +主语+ be +现在分词？现以动词work为例，将来进展时的肯定式、否认式和疑问式列表如下:动词肯定式否定式疑问式第一人称I/we shall be working -I/we shall not be working -Shall I/we be working-?第二人称You will be workingYou will not be working-Will y
36、ou be working?第三人称He/She/It/They will be workingHe/She/It/They will not be working*Will he/she/it/ they be working？2将来进展时的肯定句句型:主语+ shall/will + be +现在分词将来进展时的肯定句由助动词shell 1/wi 11加助动词be再加现在分词构成：如：Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any minute!快！客人就要来了。We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen min
37、utes.我们将在 16 分钟后在巴黎机场降落。3将来进展时的否认句句型：主语+ shall/will + not + be +现在分词.将来进展时的否认句是在助动词shall/will之后加not：如：The train won* t bo leaving until one.火车 1 点钟才开。Anyhow, you wont be playing for the next few Saturdays.无论如何，后几个星期六你 不许再玩了。4将来进展时的一般疑问句句型：Shall/Will +主语+ be +现在分词.？答复方式：Yes,主语+ shal 1/wi 11 + be +现在分
38、词.No 主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词.将来进展时的一般疑问句是将助动词shall/will置于主语之前(大写shall/will的第一个 字母)，在句尾加问号；这种语序是倒装语序：如：一Will you be remaining in the city?你将来会留在这个城市吗？一Yes, I shal 1 be (remaining in the city).是。一Will they be coming this way?他们会顺着这条路来吗?一No, they wont be (coming this way).不，不会从这条路来。一Will you
39、be coming tomorrow?你明天会来吗？一I guess so.我想会来的。5将来进展时的特殊疑问句句型：疑问代词/疑问副词+ shall/will +主语+ be +现在分词.？将来进展时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词 shall/will之前(shall/will的第一个字母无需大写)，和一般疑问句差不多；这种语序是 倒装语序。就主语提问时，将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词shall/will 之前，在句尾加问号；这种语序是陈述句语序：如：一Who will be looking after Joe?谁来照管乔？一Don，t worr
40、y! Mr. Frith will be looking after him. He said he would.别担忧！弗里 斯先生会照管他的。他说他会的。一What time will she be arriving?她什么时候到达?一She wi 11 be arriving at about 8:30 tomouow morning.她大概明天上午 8 点半到达。一How long will you be staying here?你将在这里住多久？I* 11 be staying here for half a year.我将在这里住半年。6将来进展时的用法1 .表示将来某一时刻或某
41、一阶段内将要发生的动作。一般只用于动态动词，不能用于静态 动词：如：Shell be leaving at about seven.她将在 7 点钟离开。I* 11 be waiting for you at the gate.我将在大门口等你。Be sure to come. We* 11 be expecting you.一定要来，我们要等你的。2 .表示将来某一段时间内持续发生的动作如：I shall be staying here about a week.我将在这里住一星期左右。He will be working in Geneva during the summer vacati
42、on.暑假期间他将在日内瓦工作。Well be using this book next term.我们下学期将用这本书。3 .用于现代英语口语中，表示“纯粹的将来该时态比一般将来时显得语气委婉：When wi 11 you be visiting us again?你什么时候再来拜访我们？（比拟委婉）When wi 11 you visit us again?（一般说法）He will be attending the lecture this evening.他今晚将要去听讲座。（单纯表示将来）He will attend the lecture this evening.他今晚打算去听讲
43、座。（一般说法，表示意图） They will be arriving here tomorrow.他们明天就要到达此地。陈述将来的事实）现在完成时1现在完成时的构成.肯定句：主语+have/has+done重去分词+其它如：He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.1 .一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done过去分词）+其它如：Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?2 .否认句:主语+have/has+not +don去分词）+其它如：He has not finished his homework.2过去分词的构成方
44、法1 . 一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加-ed.如：work-*worked, answer-answered, obey-*obeyed, want-*wanted.以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加d.如：Move-*moved, hope-*hoped, dividefdivided.字尾是辅音+y的动词。那么将y改i加ed如：study-studied, tidy-tidied, satisfysatisfied.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed.stop-*stopped, regret-*regretted, drop-dropped5
45、.不规那么动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表AAA.（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）ABB （过去式和过去分词一致）1花费costcostcost2割cutcutcut3伤害hurthurthurt4让letletlet5放putputput6朗读readreadread7设置setsetset8打击，碰撞hithithit9关上门窗shutshutshut10让letletlet 过去式、过去分词含有-oughl过去式、过去分词含有-aughl1带来bringbroughtbrought2买buyboughtbought3打架fightfoughtfought4想thinkthoughtthoug
46、ht5寻找、探究seeksoughts ought6抓住catchcaughtcaught7教teachtaughttaught过去式、过去分词-1替换原形-d（4）过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加T或-d8建筑buildbuiltbuilt9借出lendlentlent10花费spendspentspent11派遣sendsentsent过去式、过去分词改为-ept12学会learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed13意思meanmeantmeant14燃烧burnburnt/edburnt/ed15做梦dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed16处理dealdealtdealt17听hearheardheard18保持keepkeptkept19睡觉sleepsleptslept20扫sweepsweptswept过去式、过去分词改为-elt过去式、过去分词改为-aid21感觉feelfeltfe