高中语法专题4情态动词.ppt

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1、语法专题(四)情态动词一、情态动词的基本含义1表示能力用can，could，be able to。注意：can与be able to常可互换，但也有不可互换的情况：can可用于人或物作主语的句子中，但be able to只能由有生命的名词作主语。can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could)，但be able to可以用于一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时、完成时。还可用于非谓语动词短语。be able to用于过去时表示经过一番努力才能做到，一般用肯定句和疑问句，不能用could代替。如：After doing more practice，he was able to speak English

2、 at the meeting.做了更多的练习之后，他能在会上说英语了。这样考过(2007东城)We_finish it ahead of time，though it was such a tough task.AcouldBwouldCwere able to Dought to解析：根据后文中tough可知所填词表示“(经过努力后)能”，应该用be able to，因此C项正确。答案：C(2008湖南)You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book.You _ find the book by the title.A

3、must BneedCcan Dwould解析：句意：你没有必要一定要通过作者的姓名来找到一本书。你可以根据这本书的标题(书名)来找到这本书。must必须，一定；need有必要；can可以，能够；would会(表示过去将来)。根据句意，只有C选项符合题意。答案：C(2007湖南)The biggest problem for most plants，which_just get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them.Ashant BcantCneednt Dmustnt解析：shant 不愿意；cant

4、 不能，不可能；neednt 没有必要；mustnt 不允许，禁止。句意：大部分植物当受到威胁的时候不能站起来逃跑，所以对它们来说最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。答案：B2表示可能性理论可能性can，could，may，might现在可能性肯定句may，might，could疑问句can否定句may not(可能不)，cant(不可能)将来可能性may，might注意：can，could，may，might可能性依次减少。can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真会发生；如要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may，could或might等：Anybody can make m

5、istakes.任何人都可能犯错误。这样考过(宁波两地联考)He _ the test again；in that case，his mother will be very disappointed.Ashould fail Bmust have failed Cmight fail Dcould have failed解析：由句意知“他可能会考试又不及格；那样的话，他妈妈会很伤心。”might表推测，表示不太确定，故选C。答案：C(2008浙江)You _ be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!Awouldnt BcantCmus

6、tnt Dneednt解析：句意：你不可能已经饿了你两个小时前才吃的午饭。cant“不可能”；mustnt意为“绝对不可，被禁止”。答案：B(北京朝阳区)Will Helen get disappointed if I tell her she failed?I think she _.Amay Bhas toCshould Dneed解析：据句意：如果你告诉海伦她考试没过，她会失望吗？我认为她可能会。may“可能”，用来表示推测。答案：A(潍坊质检)My mother is a great cook and we _ never get enough of her cookies.Amay

7、BneedCshould Dcan解析：由句意“好厨师，她做的甜饼我们永远吃不够。”知选D“能够”，表示推测。may也可表示推测，但语气较弱。答案：D(北京丰台区)Its supposed to rain tomorrow.I know，but the forecast _ be wrong.Weather forecasts are far from 100 percent accurate.Amust BcouldCshould Dwill解析：此处需表达的意思为“可能”，只有B项符合题意。答案：B用词必要例句请求许可can，could，may，might，shallCould I use

8、 your phone?Of course，you can.给予许可can，may，might as well已给予的许可canIts not fair.Joe can stay up till 10 and I have to go to bed at eight.3表示许可注意：在会话中，用could和might征求许可，表示语气委婉。给予许可时也可以使用其他委婉用语，如sure，certainly，go ahead，please等。这样考过(宁波质检)Mr Smith，_ he have all these letters typed for you right away?He _.Th

9、ey should be ready by 10 oclock this morning.Awill;must Bshall;has toCneed;will Dwould;ought to解析：shall用于一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方意见。答案：B(江西师大附中)_ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?Yes，you _.The restaurant is always full，especially during the holidays.AMust;will BMust;canCShall;shall DShall;

10、must答案：D(2008成都)If you think the price of pork is too high，you _as well buy some beef.It depends on you!Ashould BwillCwould Dmay解析：may/might as well是固定用法，表示“不妨，倒不如”。答案：D4表示建议可用can，may，will，would，youd better(not)等。这样考过(北京东城区)I feel bored with nothing interesting to do.You _ watch TV.There will be a v

11、ery good Hollywood film on this evening.Aneed BcouldCwould Dshall解析：上文提出没事可干很烦。下文提出建议，你可以看电视啊，could在此处表示提建议，would是指习惯性的动作，shall表示威胁的语气，need 需要。答案：B可能这样考You_phone him if you want to，but you _.Hell surely phone you.Amay;mustnt Bhave to;needntCmight;wont Dcan;neednt解析：根据题意，第一个空须填“可以”，用may或can皆可，从后句可以判断

12、“你没有必要给他打电话”，第二个空只能填neednt。答案：D5表示义务、命令、要求等用must，have to，should，ought to等，意为“必须，应该”这样考过(四川)I dont care what people think.Well，you _.Acould BwouldCshould Dmight解析：句意：我不在乎人们想什么。不对，你应该在乎。根据语境，后半句中省略了一些与前句相同的内容。该题目实际上考查了情态动词的用法。should用以表示义务或责任，如：You shouldnt drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。答案：C(湖南)Its the off

13、ice！So you _ know eating is not allowed here.Oh，sorry.Amust BwillCmay Dneed解析：句意：这是办公室！所以你必须知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。must“必须”，在此处语气最强烈。答案：A(2008海淀)Please carry a cellphone to make it easier for me to get hold of you.OK，Dad.But I am eighteen.You _ worry so much.Acant Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dwouldnt解析：说话人认为自己不再是小孩子

14、了，对方“不应该”再如此担心。答案：C注意：must的否定形式是need not(不必，没有必要)，不用must not(禁止)。should还表示吃惊，不耐烦，不相信等。(海淀)The purpose of education _ be to provide students with a value systemnot to prepare them for a specific job.Awill BshouldCcould Dmay答案：B6表示意愿和决心用shall，will，would，would rather。(1)shall表示说话人的强烈意志，有“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”等含

15、义，因此用于第二、第三人称。这样考过(2008北京)John promised his doctor he _ not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.Amight BshouldCcould Dwould解析：句意：约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，且从那时起就再也不吸了。might not可能不；should not不应该；could not不可能(推测)，不能(表能力)；would有“决心、决意”等意思。根据句意，可知D项正确。答案：D(合肥一六八中联考)Hello，Peter.Would you please go shopping with

16、 me after school?Sorry.Our school is a boarding school.In school days nobody _ go out of school without the head teachers permission.Awill Bcan Cmay Dshall解析：据句意“我们学校是寄宿制学校，没有班主任的允许任何人不得离校。”知这是学校的规定。规定、规则或法律条文用情态动词shall，表示“命令、警告、允诺、威胁”等意义，故选D。其他选项无此用法。答案：D(北京东城区)After the bell rings，which indicates

17、the ending of the exam，you _ stay where you are until all your papers are collected.Ashall BwouldCWill Dcan解析：shall表示说话者的命令、意图等。意为“一定”。答案：A(洛阳统考)They want to take possession of my house，but they _ not have it.Ashall BmustCwould Dneed解析：shall表示强烈的意志，也表示说话人的意图，决心。句意为：他们想占有我的房子，但是他们不会得逞的。答案：A(2)will可以用

18、于各种人称，表示意愿。这样考过(江西吉安一中)If you _ let me pay for the bill today，then at least allow me to drive you home.Ashouldnt BneedntCwont Dmustnt答案：C(2006重庆)Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Dont you forget it!OK.I_.Awont BdontCwill Ddo解析：句意：别忘了开会的事呀。好的，我不会的。注意情态动词的语气。答案：A特例：will的主语

19、若是无生命的东西，则表示它本身的一种特性或自然属性；wont则表示失去某种功能，意为“不起作用，就是不”如：Oil will float on water.油会浮到水面上。Though he tried hard，the door wouldnt open.尽管他费尽了力气，门就是不开。(3)would rather意为“宁愿”。这样考过(2008山东寿光现代中学)I didnt go to the museum yesterday.Yes，but I would rather you _ there too.Awent Bhad goneCshould go Dwould have gone

20、解析：would rather后跟句子时，要用虚拟语气，如果是与现在或将来相反从句要用过去时；如果与过去时相反则用过去完成时。根据上一句中的时间状语看应该表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以要用过去完成时。答案：B还可能这样考Would you like to have a taxi?No，I_walk there.Its such a lovely day.Acan Bought toChad better Dwould rather解析：根据最后一句“Its such a lovely day(天气这么好)”，判断前一句应是“我宁愿步行去那”，用would rather表示自己的意愿。其他项

21、不能表示此意，故选D。答案：D7would或“used to动词原形”表过去的习惯。(1)在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用would代替。这样考过(2007郑州)I tried to get through to her，but she simply_not turn on her cellphone as she was busy.Acould BmightCwould Dshould解析：此处所填词表“习惯”。而情态动词中只有will，would和used to表“习惯”，其中will表“经常性的习惯”，would和used to表“过去的习惯”，而would与used to的区

22、别是：used to表过去有而现在已经没有了的习惯，即表过去与现在对比；而would只表过去的习惯，不涉及现在。根据句意，此处用would。答案：C(2)used to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常同often，every day等连用。She isnt what she used to be.她跟过去不一样了。(表示对比，不可用would)We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他讲故事。(表示过

23、去的重复性行为)可能这样考Mother_us stories when we were young.Aused to tell Bused to tellingCwould tell Dwill tell解析：本句中有确定的时间段when we were young，因此要用would。答案：C(3)表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would。There used to be a park here.以前这里有一个公园。可能这样考He_a waiter，but now a taxi driver.Awould be Bused to beCcould be Dshould be解析

24、：根据题意可知他过去是个侍者，而现在不是了，是一个出租车司机，因此要用used to be。答案：B8dare和need的用法(1)dare的用法：情态动词dare主要用于疑问句与否定句中，后接动词原形(不带to)，没有人称和数的变化，但过去式为dared；dare也可以用作行为动词，后跟to do不定式。可能这样考Miss White has decided to explore in the forest by herself.She_ask her boyfriend to if she_go walking in the forest.Aneednt to;dares toBdoesn

25、t need;daresCneed not to;dare toDneednt;dare解析：本题考查need和dare作情态动词的用法。答案：DThere is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.Really？It _be a fire，most probably.Aought to BcanChave to Dmust解析：表示推测，依据most probably，语气应为“应该”。答案：A(2)need的用法：need作情态动词时。没有人称时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于疑问句或否定句中；need也可用作行为

26、动词，后接名词、代词或带to的不定式。这样考过(2007长沙)Generally，reporters take positive lines.They do point out a few problems that we_aware of，but theres nothing worrying.Aneed to BneedCneed be Dneed to be解析：need用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，后跟动词原形；need用作行为动词时，用于肯定、否定和疑问句，后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词ving形式(用ving主动形式表示被动意义)。此处是肯定句，故need用

27、作行为动词，后跟动词不定式；be aware of“知道”，因此选D。答案：D(2010淄博上学期期末)In fact,you _ go outside at all.Theres a supermarket just downstairs.Acouldnt BmustntCneednt Dshouldnt答案：C(2007江西九所)I didnt go to work today.You_；it is Sunday.Adidnt need to Bmustnt haveCcant have Dneednt have解析：一般情况下，动词不定式可省略to后的成分，而动词不定式本身的标志词to不

28、能省略。答案：A二、情态动词表示推测1情态动词用于对现在和过去的推测。对现在的推测对过去的推测肯定否定肯定否定must docant domust havevedcanthavevedcould docouldnt docould havevedcouldnt havevedmay domay not domay havevedmay not havevedmight domight not domighthavevedmightnot havevedshould doshouldnt doshouldhavevedshouldnot haveved注意：在表示推测时，can不用于肯定句，ma

29、y不用于疑问句。should可用于表将来的推测。这样考过(成都检测)I cant find Mr.Li anywhere in the office building.Where _ he have gone?Amust Bcould Cshould Dwould解析：could have done“有可能做了某事”，用于推测时，常用在否定句中和疑问句中；must have done“肯定是做了某事”，用于肯定推测，用在肯定句中；should have done“该做某事而事实上未做”；would have done“将有可能做”。据句意知：他有可能去了哪里呢？综上，选B。答案：B(重庆)Hi

30、，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She _ in the classroom.I saw her there just now.Ashall be Bshould have beenCmust be Dmight have been解析：句意：嗨，Tom，知道Jane在哪儿吗？她肯定在教室里。我刚才在那儿看到她了。从对话中可以看出该空是对现在情况的较肯定的猜测。答案：C(2008重庆)I cant find my purse anywhere.You _ have lost it while shopping.Amay BcanCshould Dwould解析：句意：我

31、到处都找不到我的钱包。你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。根据句意首先排除C、D两项；can表“实际”的可能性时，只能用于否定句、疑问句，故被排除；A项表“推测”时常用于肯定句。答案：A(北京西城区)There _ be any difficulty in passing the oral test since you have practiced a lot in school.Amustnt Bshant Cshouldnt Dneednt解析：由句中“since you have practiced a lot in school”即“既然你在学校进行了大量的训练”推知“应该”是不会有什么困难。s

32、hould表推测“按常理推测”。故选C。答案：C(上海)It _ have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.Amay BcanCMust Dshould解析：句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型，谓语动词为must have been，用must表示语气肯定的推测。must have done表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。答案：C(南通调研)John，how did your English exam go?I thought I _，but in fact I ca

33、me in the top 10%in the class.Ashould have failed Bcouldnt have failed Cmight have failed Dmustnt have failed解析：由句中“I thought I _，but in fact I came.”知我通过了考试，而在此之前担心“有可能考试不及格”，故选C。答案：C(福州模拟)Where is Michael？I cannot find him anywhere.He _ have been off long.I saw him study in the room just now.Ashou

34、ldnt Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt解析：cant(不可能)；shouldnt(不应该)；mustnt(不可以)；neednt(不必)。由句中“我刚才还看见他在屋里学习呢。”可推知“他还没走多长时间。”can表推测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。综上，选B。答案：B2情态动词have done的其他含义(1)“should/ought to havev.ed“意为“本应该”，表示过去应该做而没有做的事，也可表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。这样考过(2007陕西)I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I_have driv

35、en her there.Acould BmustCmight Dshould解析：后半句的意思是：但也许我本应该开车送她去那儿。用should，构成shouldhave done结构，意思是：本应该做。答案：D(2)“shouldnt/ought not tohavev.ed”意为“本不应该”，表示过去不应该做某事但却做了。这样考过(天津河西区)He _ back to work without the doctors permission.Now，he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.Awouldnt have goneBcouldnt ha

36、ve goneCneednt have goneDshouldnt have gone 解析：由句中后半句“he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.”知“他未遵医嘱”，含有“不该做某事而做了”之意，故选D。wouldnt have gone“本不会做而做了”；couldnt have gone“本不可能做而做了”；neednt have done“本不需做而做了”。答案：D(厦门质检)You _ late for yesterdays class meeting，as it was so important.Acouldnt be Bshouldn

37、t be Cmustnt have been Doughtnt to have been解析：oughtnt to have done同于shouldnt have done表示“不该做某事而做了”。由句意知D合题意。答案：D(3)“couldhavev.ed”意为“本能够，本可以”，表示过去本可以做某事，但却没做。这样考过(江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.Acould express Bwould expressCcould have expressed Dmust have

38、expressed解析：句意：他不后悔说了他做了什么，而认为他本能够用不同的方式表达。could express 能够表达；would express 要表达；could have expressed 本来能够表达；must have expressed(表推测)肯定已经表达。答案：C(4)“neednthavev.ed”意为“本没有必要”，表示过去本没有必要做某事，但却做了。注意：“need nothavev.ed”表示过去本不必做但却做了的事；“did not need to动词原形”表示过去不必做某事而实际上也没有做。如：She need not have come yesterday.

39、她昨天本不必要来的。(但却来了)She didnt need to come yesterday.她昨天不必来。(实际上也没来)三、固定用法cant too.无论怎样也不过分，越越好；cant help doing情不自禁做某事；may/might as well还是做的好；would rather.than宁愿做也不愿做。这样考过(龙岩质检)Traffic safety is so important that everyone _ take safety measures too seriously.Ashouldnt BmustntCcannot Dwont解析：cant.too.表示“

40、怎么都不过分，千万，非常。”答案：C(北京朝阳区)She couldnt help，even though she tried not to，_ at the strange clothes her friend was wearing.Ato laugh BlaughClaughing Dlaughed解析：couldnt help doing 禁不住做某事；even though she tried not to是状语从句，插到主句中了。答案：C.单项填空1Isnt that Anns husband over there?No，it_be him.Im sure he doesnt we

41、ar glasses.AcantBmust notCwont Dmay not答案与解析：Acan用于否定的猜测表示“不可能”。故选A。2Kunming is called“Spring City”，but it_snow in winter.Ashall BcanCmust Dmight答案与解析：B情态动词can表示客观的可能性，“有时可能”。3You _fail to pass the entrance examination if you dont study harder.Ashall BcouldCmust Dshould答案与解析：Ashall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者

42、的意愿，有命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心之意。此题用shall，表示警告。4He didnt agree with me at first，but I_persuade him to sign the agreement later.Acould BmightCshould Dwas able to答案与解析：D情态动词can和be able to都可表示能力。当表示“过去成功地做了某事”时，用was/were able to。5When I was studying at Beijing University，I_take a walk along the lake every evening

43、.Awill BwouldCcould Dshall答案与解析：B情态动词would表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。6 Will you stay for lunch?Sorry，_.My brother is coming to see me.AI mustnt BI cantCI neednt DI wont答案与解析：B根据题义可知，因为“我弟弟要来看我”，所以“不能留下”，用cant，表示对别人的邀请或要求给予礼貌的拒绝。A项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符合题义，故本题选B。7All the speech competitors _ remain in th

44、eir own seats until the contest is over，according to the competition rule.Amust BmayCshall Dneed答案与解析：Cshall用于表示规定要求。8 Mum，I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.My goodness！You_yourself.You mustnt do that next time.Amust have hurt Bshould have hurt Cmay have hurt Dcan have hurt答案

45、与解析：C你可能会伤了你自己。may/might have done表示对过去发生情况的可能性推测。9I cant get through to the general managers office anyhow.The line is busy.Someone_the telephone.Amust use BusesCmust have been using Dmust be using答案与解析：Dmust be doing表示对现在正发生情况的肯定推测。must have been using是对过去的猜测，表示过去一直在做某事，不符合句义。10Tom，did you see the

46、 film Avatar last night?Yes，but I really_，because I had lots of work to do.Acouldnt have Bmustnt haveCneednt have Doughtnt to have答案与解析：D题意为：“汤姆，昨天晚上你看电影阿凡达了吗？”“是的，但是我确实不应该看，因为我有许多工作要做。”ought to have done意为“应该做却没做”，oughtnt to have done意为“不该做却做了”。11Her brother _ be at home now，because he was seen pla

47、ying basketball in the stadium just now.Amustnt BneedntCcant Dshouldnt答案与解析：C由playing basketball可知表语气较为肯定的否定推测，故选C。cant be at home意为“不可能在家”。12The little child_go out alone at night，so he_walk in the dark that night.Adarent;didnt dare toBdoesnt dare;dare not Cisnt dare to;dared not toDdoesnt dare to;

48、dare not to答案与解析：A题意为：这个小男孩晚上不敢单独出去，所以那天晚上他不敢走夜路。dare作为情态动词，后面直接跟动词原形，否定形式在dare后面直接加not；dare作为一般动词使用时，用dare to do结构，否定形式在dare前面加助动词和not。故选A。13I dont know what I_without the suitcase you lent me.Glad to have been of some help to you.Awould have done Bwould doCshould have done Dshould do答案与解析：A题意为：“我不

49、知道没有你借给我的手提箱我将怎么办。”“很高兴对你有帮助。”would have done表示对过去事情的推测，意为“过去可能做”；should have done表示对某事的责备和批评，意为“本该做却没做”。14Well，lost again!Its not very important.We_forget about it，OK?Acant Bmay so soon Cmight as well Dwont soon答案与解析：C题意为，“哦，又输了！”“那不重要。我们不妨把这件事忘了，好吗？“might as well意为“无妨；只好”是固定用法。15It rained a lot du

50、ring their journey，so they_have had a good time.Acant BmustCshouldnt Dmight答案与解析：AA项表示对过去事情否定的推测，cant have done意为“不可能做”，shouldnt have done表示对某事的责备和批评，意为“本不该做却做了”。B、D都表示肯定的推测，由.rained a lot知意义不对。16The public transportation is very convenient in that big city，so there_be any difficulty in traveling ar