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1、2021 年西宁市第四中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Four Best Hikes in the World Theres nothing like getting out and getting some fresh air on a hike.No matter whether your idea of a hike is a leisure walk or climbing the highest mountain
2、on Earth,weve got you covered.Below are four best hikes inthe world.Torres del Paine W Circuit Location(位置):Patagonia.Chile Distance:37+miles Time:56 days Best time to go:October to January The W Circuit is one of the most recommended hikes youll find.Not only will you appreciate the diverse landsca
3、pes and striking granite pillars(花岗岩柱子),but youll probably meet some new friends along the way.Grand Canyon Rim-to-Rim Hike Location:Arizona,the United States Distance:48 miles Time:13 days Best time to go:May to June,September to October Theres no better way to experience one of the greatest wonder
4、s in the world.Located in one of the USAs most beautiful parks,the views are ly appealing.Just make sure youre prepared for the challenge.Trek to Petra Location:Jordan Distance:47 miles Time:5 6 days Best time to go:October to April Take the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and exper
5、ience one of the seven wonders of the world.Hike through canyons,gorges and ridges,and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists.Yosemite Grand Traverse Location:California,the United States Distance:60 miles Time:67 days Best time to go:July to September Known for so
6、me of the best hiking in the world,Yosemite National Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia(红杉)trees.Praised byNational Geographic,the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.1.Which of the following is the best time for the hike in Patagonia,Chile?A.Ap
7、ril B.May C.August D.December 2.Where should you go for a less crowded hike?A.Jordan B.Patagonia,Chile C.Arizona,the United States D.California,the United States 3.What can you do along the Yosemite Grand Traverse?A.Plant sequoia trees B.Appreciate waterfalls C.Visit local temples D.Climb granite pi
8、llars B Ive been putting my passport to good use lately.I use it asa coaster and to level unsteady table legs.It makes an excellent cat toy.Welcome to the pandemic(疫情)of disappointments.Canceled trips or ones never planned in case they would be canceled.Family reunions,study-abroad years,lazy beach
9、vacations.Poof.Gone.Ruined by a tiny virus,the list of countries where our passports are not welcome is long.It is not natural for us to be this sedentary(定居的).Travel is in our genes.For most of the time our species has existed,weve lived as nomadic(游牧的)hunter-gatherers.But what if we cant move?What
10、s a traveler to do?There are ways to answer that question.Despair,though,is not one of them.We are an adaptive species.We can tolerate brief periods of forced sedentariness.We pass the days glancing through old travel journals and Instagram posts.We gaze at souvenirs.All this helps.For a while.Then,
11、what hope do we have?I think hope lies in the very nature of travel.Travel involves wishful thinking.It demands a leap of faith,and of imagination,to board a plane for some faraway,land.Travel is one of the few activities we engage in not knowing the outcome and are drunk in that uncertainty.Nothing
12、 is more forgettable than the trip that goes exactly as planned.Thats one reason why I have faith in travels future.In fact,Id argue travel is an essential activity.Its not essential the way hospitals and grocery stores are essential.Travel is essential the way books and hugs are essential.Food for
13、the soul.Right now,were between courses,enjoying where weve been,expecting where well go.Maybe itsZanzibarand maybe its the campground down the road that youve always wanted to visit.4.From the first paragraph we learn that the author is _.A.desperate B.humorous C.bored D.worried 5.From the authors
14、perspective,whats the point of travel?A.To feel hopeful.B.To make a wish.C.To take adventures.D.To broaden horizons.6.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By showing evidences.B.By providing examples.C.By making comparisons.D.By interpreting opinions.7.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.Wher
15、e to go for a trip.B.Why people need to travel.C.How to fight the pandemic.D.What people should do at home.C Teenagers from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers（同龄人）to do less well in schoolwork and to drop out of school.Studies have shown,however,that a po
16、sitive attitude towards schoolwork and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriersand lack of resources they face.Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement（参与）comes from research on mothers.Little is known,howeve
17、r,about how teenagers experience their fathers warmth and the beliefs and behavior that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a large one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States.Researchers asked 183 sixth-graders about how optim
18、istic and motivated they were about their school work,and how they experienced their fathers warmth.The students maths and language arts grades were also gained.The research team took into account the influence that mothers have on their childrens well-being in their analyses.Their findings show how
19、 fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism and higher achievement at school.“Low-income fathers affect their teenagers beliefs about themselves and their future,and these beliefs influence their achievement by increasing their determination to complete school tasks,
20、“says Dr,Marie-Anne.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters,although in different ways.Experiencing their fathers warmth first influences daughterssense of optimism,and thenspills overinto their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities.This in turn leads to
21、 better maths grades.There is a more direct link between their fathers,love and boys belief in their ability to succeed in academy.8.What is more likely to happen to teenagers from low-income families?A.They will be more determined to struggle.B.They will have fewer happy things to share.C.They will
22、 fail in their studies and quit school.D.They will receive less love from their parents.9.How is the new research different from the previous ones?A.It only researches families in the north of America.B.It only studies low-education families in the world.C.It combines questionnaire data and students
23、,grades.D.It mainly focuses on the effects of fathers involvement.10.What can we know about fathers warmth?A.It is less effective than that of mothers.B.It affects girls and boys in different ways.C.It mainly applies to girls rather than boys.D.It has a more direct effect on girls thanon boys.11.Whi
24、ch of the following best explains spills over underlined in the last paragraph?A.Spreads.B.Changes.C.Bursts.D.Checks.D In order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers,researchers have developed new low-cost,smart phone-linked,eco-friendly spoilage sensors for
25、meat and fish packaging.One in threeUKconsumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date,but 60%of the 12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat.The researchers,whose findings were published in ACS Sensors,say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-b
26、y datea widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make.Known as“paper-based electrical gas sensors(PEGS)”,they detect spoilage gases like ammonia(a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell)in meat and fish products.The information provided by the elec
27、tronic nose is received by a smart phone,and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes onto a special type of paper.The materials are eco-friendly and harmless,so they dont dam
28、age the environment and are safe to use in food packaging.The sensors,combined with a tiny electronic system,then inform nearby mobile devices,which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperials Department of Bioengineering,said,“Although theyre design
29、ed to keep us safe,use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away.They dont always reflect its actual freshness.In fact,people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage,even when an item is within its use-by date.”“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermark
30、ets using them within three years.Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste.”The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing,like sensing chemicals in agriculture,air quality,and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kid
31、ney disease.12.What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A.To improve the taste of foods.B.To improve the service of stores.C.To help supermarkets store foods.D.To help people test food freshness.13.What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning?A.It acts as an electronic nos
32、e.B.It reads the data collected by PEGS.C.It helps print the gas sensors onto paper.D.It discovers the spoilage gases from foods.14.What does Dr.Firat Guder say about use-by dates?A.They are not completely reliable.B.They can help reduce food waste.C.They are based on scientific research.D.They are
33、not accepted by the consumers.15.What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A.The process of researching spoilage sensors.B.A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste.C.The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.D.The influence of use-by dates on supermarkets and cons
34、umers.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Bad breath happens to everyone at times._16_You can prevent bad breath by developing good oral health habits and making changes in your diet and lifestyle.Brush your teeth properly.Brushing your teeth properly is one of the b
35、est things you can do in your fight against bad breath.Brush at least twice a day,for at least two minutes and make sure to cover all the areas in your mouth._17_Your tongue gets a lot of build-up of bacteria which can cause bad breath.Brush from the back to the front of your tongue and be certain t
36、o get the sides,as well.Drink lots of water.One problem thatcan cause bad breath or make bad breath worse is having a dry mouth.Water helps to flush out the food that bacteria loves._18_They will not help prevent bad breath and，in many cases,are actually the causes of your bad breath.Eat foods high
37、in Vitamin D.Vitamin D helps to slow the growth of bacteria in the mouth._19_But you can also try eating more vitamin-D rich foods like fatty fish,sugar-free yogurt and some mushrooms.Avoid acidic drinks.These are bad both for your breath and for the health of your teeth._20_And if you have to drink
38、 them,make sure to drink them through or straw or quickly,without holding them in your mouth.You should also follow with water to try and rinse(冲掉)away the remains.A.Make sure to brush your tongue.B.Avoid sodas as much as possible.C.It is caused by a wide range of factors.D.Regular sun exposure is t
39、he most natural way to get it.E.Brush either right before you eat or one hour afterwards.F.Dont use coffee，sodas，or alcohol to clean your mouth.G.Both drinks provide an environment in your mouth for bacteria growth.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入
40、空白处的最佳选项 I came home from work one day and my son greeted(迎接)me at the door with a wide smile.“Dad,I am a_21_man!”Puzzled,I_22_my wife about this.She shared with me that our five-year-oldson had emptied a 2-lilre jug(壶)of water from the_23_most of it on the floor.My wifes first_24_had been to shout
41、and beat him.However,she did not.She_25_asked him,“Breton,what were you trying to do?“I was trying to helpyou_26_the dishes,Mum,”he replied loudly.Sure enough,she_27_a pile(摞)of dishes that had been washed on the kitchen table,“Well son,why did you use the water from the fridge?”she further asked.Br
42、eton_28_that he couldnt reach the sink(洗涤槽).My wife began to_29_the situation better and her_30_disappeared.“What do you think you can do next time to make less of a mess?”Bretons face_31_as he replied,“I could wash them in the bathroom.”My wife explained to him that the dishes might break in the ba
43、throom and he should instead_32_her help.She then went on to clean up the_33_he had created.As she finished describing the_34_to me,I realised how_35_it is to make a correct choice.If she had_36_her first reaction,she would not have been able to understand what he was trying to do and would have_37_
44、a great teachable moment.In_38_situations,she would have had to clean up the mess,but with this_39_she was able to connect with him more effectively.More importantly,if she had shouted and beaten him,he would have greeted me at the door with a_40_look and said.“Dad,I am a bad boy!”21.A.hard-working
45、B.careful C.friendly D.good-looking 22.A.believed B.warned C.asked D.advised 23.A.bathroom B.fridge C.kitchen D.table 24.A.experience B.impression C.reaction D.lesson 25.A.proudly B.patiently C.shyly D.fearfully 26.A.wash B.collect C.choose D.find 27.A.imagined B.owned C.carried D.saw 28.A.explained
46、 B.proved C.realised D.doubted 29.A.change B.understand C.control D.expect 30.A.regret B.pain C.shame D.anger 31.A.showed up B.went down C.lit up D.broke down 32.A.make out B.show off C.turn down D.call for 33.A.mess B.sink C.door D.damage 34.A.message B.incident C.competition D.decision 35.A.import
47、ant B.strange C.interesting D.difficult 36.A.got across B.faced up to C.looked forward to D.gone ahead with 37.A.enjoyed B.missed C.picked D.forgotten 38.A.other B.similar C.both D.certain 39.A.reason B.example C.approach D.purpose 40.A.nervous B.funny C.surprised D.sad 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分
48、）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The last time Tokyo hosting the Summer Olympic Games was in 1964._41._(welcome)athletes and fans from around the world,some75,000people roared with applause at the opening ceremonies.The athletes snaked through crowds of fans_42._(wave)flags during the torch relay(
49、火炬传递).But this year,Tokyo looked and felt nothing_43._those Gamesor any other Olympics of the past.There were no spectators in_44._Tokyo area.For the first time,an Olympics_45._(postpone)due to the coronavirus pandemic(流行病)_46._has spread throughout the world.The 2020 Tokyo Olympics,as it is still b
50、randed despite being held in summer2021,was_47._(large)a virtual and muted（无声的）affair.With a summer resurgence(复苏)of COVID cases in Tokyo and the global rise of the delta variant(变异),Olympics officials in early July decided no ticketed spectators would be allowed at_48._(compete)in and around Tokyo.