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2、阅读真题 阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最正确答案。每个试题计 3 分,共计 15 分 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life Lewis Grassic Gibbons Sunset Song(1932)was voted“the best Scottish novel of all timeby Scottishs reading public in 20051 Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of
3、 Scotlands poor rural farmers，it has been adapted for stage，film，TV and radio in recent decades.The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie，in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I.At its heart is the story of Chris，who is both part of the
4、community and a little outside it.Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine.We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father；experience tragedy(her mothers suicide and murder of her twin children)；and learn about her
5、 feelings as she grows into woman.We see her marry，lose her husband，then marry again.Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man2.But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris.It is truly a novel
6、 of a place and its people.Its opening section tells of Kinraddies long history，in a language that imitates the places changing patterns of speech and writing.The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents.It is told from Chris point of view but also from that of the gossiping commun
7、ity，a community where everybody knows everybody elses business and nothing is ever forgotten.Sunset Song has a social theme too.It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War 1.Gibbon tried hard to
8、 show how certain characters resist the war.Despite this，the war takes the young menaway，a number of them to their deaths.In particular，it takes away Chris husband，Ewan Tavendale.The war finally kills Ewan，but not in the way his widow is told.In fact，the Germans arent responsible for his death，but h
9、is own side.He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead.It is a“Sunset Songbut is concerned too with the new Kinraddie，indeed of the new European world.Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the p
10、lace that continue its story.练习：1.What is Sunset Song mainly about?A)The First World War.B)The beauty of the sunset.C)The new European world.D)The lives of rural Scottish farmers.2.Which statement is NOT true of Chris?A)She is the heroine of Sunset Song.B)She had a miserable childhood.C)She is the c
11、reation of a man.D)She married only once.3.What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?A)The climate of Kinraddie.B)The history of Kinraddie.C)The geography of Kinraddie.D)The language spoken in Kinraddie.4.Who are responsible for Evans death，according to Chris?A)The Germans.B)The
12、 French army.C)The British troops.D)The Russian soldiers.5.The word sunset occurring in the title of the novel most probably means A)the end of the heroines life.B)the end of ones life.C)the end of traditional life.D)the end of the day.答案与题解：1.D 问题问的是?日落歌?主要讲的是什么?选项 A 说的是：第一次世界大战。选项 B 说的是：日落之美。选项 C
13、说的是：新欧洲世界。选项 D 说的是：苏格兰农夫的生活。选项 D 是正确的，相关的信息可在第一段中找到。婚，失去丈夫，后来又结婚。3.B 问题问的是：小说的开头局部主要说了些什么?选项 A 说的是：Kinraddie 的气候。选项 B说的是：Kinraddie 的历史。选项 C 说的是：Kinraddie 的地理。选项 D 说的是：Kinraddie 说的语言。看看下面这句话：Its opening section tells of Kinraddies long history，in a language that imitates the places changing patterns
14、of speech and writing.小说的开头局部讲述了 Kinraddie的悠久历史，讲述时模仿了该地方变化着的口头语和书面语的表达方式。可以看出，B 是对的。4.A 问题问的是：根据 Chris，谁杀死了 Evan?选项 A 说的是：德国人。选项B 说的是：法国军队。选项 C 说的是：英国部队。选项 D 说的是：俄罗斯士兵。B 是正确的。倒数第二段有这么两句话：The war finally kills Ewan，but not in the way his widow is told.In fact，the Germans arent responsible for his de
15、ath，but his own side.战争最后杀死了 Ewan，但不是他的寡妇说的那样。事实上，德国人没有杀他，是他自己一边的人杀的。5.C 问题问的是：小说题目中 sunset 这个词的意思很町能是哪一个意思?选项 A 说的是：女主人公生命的结束。选项 B 说的是：一个人生命的结束。选项 C 说的是：传统生活方式的结束。选项 D 说的是：一天的结束。正确答案是 C。最后一段的第一句话是这么说的：If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead.如果小说是关于一种生活方式的结束，那么它同时也是朝前看的。
16、阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最正确答案。每个试题计 3 分,共计 15 分 Who Wants to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the
17、lives of flies，worms and mice in laboratories.Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea.Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families gro
18、w and have families of their own.“Longer life would give us a chance to recover from ourmistakes and promote long term thinking，says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health.“It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work.Longer lives dont just aff
19、ect the people who live them.They also affect society as a whole.“We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I dont think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer，says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan.“The question is What will we get as a society?I suspect it wont be a
20、better society.It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising.What would to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years?And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family w
21、ere all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer.And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters bom 50 years apart.We think of an eider sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice.That would be
22、hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer.That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgement.On the other hand，more people workin
23、g for longer would create greater competition for jobs.It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult.And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-ol
24、d boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were olde
25、r.There would be more wisdom，but less energy.Young people like to move about.Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.I
26、n fact，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now.“If this could ever happen，then wed better ask what kind of society we want to get，says Daniel Callahan.“We had b
27、etter not go anywhere near it2 until we have figure those problems out.练习：1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A)Spending more time with his family.B)Having more education.C)Realizing more dreams.D)Working longer.2.Which o
28、f the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A)Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B)More and more people in the US today want to get married.C)Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D)If people live longer，they would stay in marriage longer.3.All
29、of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT A)Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B)More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C)The job market would be more competitive.D)It would be more difficult
30、for young people to be promoted to top positions.4.An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that A)it places more emphasis on educating the young.B)it is both wise and energetic.C)it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.D)it welcmes changes.5.Which of the follow
31、ing best describes Callahans attitude to anti-ageing technology?A)Optimistic.B)Pessimistic.C)Reserved.D)Negative.答案与题解：1.B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第 3、4 段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育 2.A 此题答案以下面的这两句话为依据：Psople are already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising.暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。3.B 文章的第
32、9 段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。4.C 答案可以在 10、11 这两段里找到。5.C 此题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。Callahan 认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。可见他对抗衰老技术的开展是有保存的。阅读下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。请根据短文的内容选择最正确答案。每个试题计 3 分,共计 15 分 The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight You hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All
33、 you ever do is eat.You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found
34、 from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremen
35、dous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by m
36、etabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight
37、reduction doesnt result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six
38、months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to
39、be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg with
40、out too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.练习：1.What determines your weight?A)Your working manner.B)Your eating habit.C)Your life style.D)Your
41、genes.2.What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?A)He let the eight fat people skip supper.B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast.C)He let the eight fat people run every morning and evening.D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.3.What happened to the eight f
42、at people after they left the hospital?A)They went mad.B)They killed themselves.C)They were back to normal weight.D)They attempted suicide.4.What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?A)Battle their genetic inheritance.B)Increase their weight.C)Stay at home.D)Lower their weight.5.What did scientists t
43、hink was true?A)Each person has a fixed weight range.B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg.C)Each person wants to control his weight.D)Each person wants to eat to his hearts content.答案与题解：1.D 问题问的是：什么决定了你的体重?A 说的是：你的工作方式。B 说的是：你的吃饭习惯。C 说的是：你的生活风格。D 说的是：你的基因。正确答案是 D。第一段中有这么一句话：Your genes，not your
44、life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，因此你的身体总是试图保持它。2.D 问题问的是：Jules Hirsch 在他的研究中做了什么?A 说的是：他让八个胖子不吃晚饭。B 说的是：他让八个胖子不吃早饭。C 说的是：他让八个胖子早晚都跑步。D 说的是：他给八个胖子一种每天提供 600 热卡的流食配方。D 是正确的。第三段有这么一句话：They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calo
45、ries a day.他们被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600 热卡。3.C 问题问的是：八个胖子出院后怎么啦?A 说的是：他们发疯了。B 说的是：他们自杀了。C 说的是：他们又回到了原来的体重。D 说的是：他们试图自杀。C 是正确的。第四段的最后一句话是这样的：But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.研究结束几个月后，他们的体重又回到了原来的样子并保持不变。4.B 问题问的是：Ethan Sims 让他的调查对象干什么?A 说的是：跟他们的基因遗传物做斗争。B 说的是：增
46、加他们的重量。C 说的是：呆在家里。D 说的是：减少体重。第四段有一个句子是这么说的：Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.Vermont 大学的 Ethan Sims 让犯人自愿增加体重。可见 B 是正确的答案。5.A 问题问的是：科学家认为什么是对的?A 说的是：每个人的体重都有一个适当的幅度。B 说的是：每个人的体重幅度是 9 公斤。C 说的是：每个人都想控制自己的体重。D 说的是：每个人都想吃得快乐。正确答案是 A。最后一段的第一句话是这么说的：The find
47、ings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has acomfortable weight range.结论还证实了科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有一个适当的幅度。Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors musical style did not include essential characteristics that define jazz as
48、jazz.Thus,1940s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950s who were themselves attacked by free jazzes of the 1960s.The neoboppers of the 1980s and 1990s attacked almost everybody else.The titanic figure of Black saxophonist John Coltrane has complicated the arguments made by proponents of styles
49、 from bebop through neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from all those styles.His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable.At the height of his popularity,Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop,the style that had brought him fame,to explore the outer reaches of jazz.Coltrane h
50、imself probably believed that the only essential characteristic of jazz was improvisation,the one constant in his journey from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal,Indian,and African melodies.On the other hand,this dogged student and prodigious technician who insisted on spending hours each d