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1、2021 年荣昌县清江镇高级中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Bob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman,they write“The Freshman oftenfaces an ident
2、ity problem during the first semester.”College is a more pressured environment than it used to be,in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased.Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex,drugs and alcohol.Most dont know how to manage
3、 their time or money.They often feel lonely and overwhelmed,resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin,director of clinical service for student-counseling(咨询)services at Iowa State University,says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are havi
4、ng trouble making the adjustment to college life.She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that arent easily defined or fixed.And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing th
5、em differently.For example,by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars.The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course.“Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,”they say.Many homesick freshmen think theyll
6、 be regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving.So parents can help by letting them know theyre welcome to return if they feel the need.In the meantime,parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids.One of the best ways is e-mail.Its less unpleasant and less ex
7、pensive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1.Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A.Because they often fail in exams.B.Because they lack time and money.C.Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D.Because they have to
8、 settle personal issues on their own.2.In the last paragraph,it is suggested that _.A.parents should stop buying anything for their kids B.parents should develop a good relationship with their kids C.parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kids D.parents should work with high schools i
9、n college-life courses 3.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Hard Life of College Freshmen B.Approaches to Trouble in College C.Freshmens Adaptation Problems D.A Strange Phenomenon in College B Rain is vital to life on Earth.However,rain isnt just made of water anymoreit
10、s partly made of plastic.Millions of tiny pieces of plastic,called microplastics,are wandering around Earths atmosphere and traveling across entire continents according to a study published in one journal on April 12.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come fr
11、om a number of sources.Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits.Some microplastics are produced deliberately to provide abrasion(研磨)in products,such as toothpaste and cleansers.Another major source is your washing machine.When you wash clothing,
12、tiny microfibers get washed away with the wastewater.Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant,the microplastics remain,and they are released into the sea.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain,but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with.The tiny particles,too sma
13、ll to be seen with the naked eye,are collected by the wind from the ground.They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe.As they climb into the atmosphere,they are thought to act as nuclei(核心)around which water vapor(水蒸气)combines to form clouds.Some of the dust falls back
14、to land in dry conditions,while the rest comes down as rain.Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine.From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes,their bodies have been found on average to contain 40 pieces of microplastic.As the top of the food chain,humans are exposed to microplastic
15、s,too.“We live on a ball inside a bubble,”microplastic researcher Steve Allen said.“There are no borders,there are no edges.It rains on the land and then gets blown back up into the air again to move somewhere else.Theres no stopping it once its out.”4.What do we know about microplastics?A.They have
16、 a diameter of over 5 millimeters.B.They have become a threat to humans.C.They are light and can be easily dealt with.D.They cause acid rain and plastic rain.5.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.Waysto deal with microplastics.B.The wide use of microplastics.C.Where microplastics come from.D.H
17、ow microplastics pollute water.6.What does Steve Allen want to tell us in the last paragraph?A.No place can be safe from microplastic pollution.B.The atmosphere possesses the ability to self-cleanse.C.Countries should work together to fight pollution.D.Wind causes microplastics to move somewhere els
18、e.7.The main purpose of the article is to_.A.call on people to use fewer plastic products B.warn people of the danger of microplastics C.introduce the sources and effects of microplastics D.make a comparison between acid rain and plastic rain C Dengue is a very painful illness spread by mosquitoes.I
19、n severe cases,dengue can even be deadly.Dengue is a serious disease affecting people in around 120 countries.It can cause high fevers,headaches,and severe pain.Its caused by a virus spread by bites from mosquitoes.Therefore,dengue is more common in warm areas.Every year,roughly 390 million people g
20、et dengue,and as many as 25,000 die from it.Now scientists seem to have found a way to protect humans from dengue by first protecting mosquitoes.Dengue fever is caused by a virus.Though it may seem strange to think of it this way,the mosquitoes that spread the dengue virus are also infected with it.
21、But the virus doesnt seem to hurt the mosquitoes.Wolbachia is a kind of bacteria commonly found in many insects.In some insects,Wolbachia can keep some viruses fromduplicatingthemselves,which is how viruses grow inside a body.Wolbachia isnt naturally found in mosquitoes.But by infecting these mosqui
22、toes with Wolbachia,scientists can keep the mosquitoes from catching the dengue virus.Even better,the young mosquitoes coming from the eggs of the infected mosquitoes also carry Wolbachia.Researchers working with the World Mosquito Program(WMP)ran a 27-month study in Yogyakarta,Indonesia.They split
23、a 10-square-mile area up into 24 smaller areas.In half of the areas,the scientists did nothing.In the other half,they set out containers of eggs from mosquitoes that had Wolbachia.They did this every two weeks for just 4 to 6 months.Ten months later,80%of the mosquitoes in the treated areas carried
24、Wolbachia.The researchers report the number of dengue cases in the treated areas was reduced by 77%and that the number of people needing hospital care for dengue dropped by 86%.Because the results of the experiment were so good,the WHO has placed Wolbachia-infected mosquito eggs in all parts of Yogy
25、akarta and surrounding areas.The WHO says that within a year,their efforts will protect 2.5 million people against dengue and that their efforts will be turned into a program that can be repeated worldwide.8.What kind of disease is dengue?A.It is likely to cause death.B.It causes no pain but fevers.
26、C.It happens less often in hot areas.D.It hurts both people and mosquitoes.9.The underlined word“duplicating”in paragraph 3 most probably means“_”.A.worsening the harm of B.expanding the size of C.increasing forces of D.making copies of 10.What can be inferred about the method from the figures liste
27、d in paragraph 5?A.Its wide use.B.Its effectiveness.C.Its complexity.D.Its easy operation.11.Whats the WHOs attitude towards the method?A.Ambiguous.B.Positive.C.Tolerant.D.Skeptical.D If you easily make mistakes when in a hurry,a new study from Michigan State Universitythe largest of its kind to dat
28、e-found that meditation(冥想)could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation(OMM)or,meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in ones mind and bodyalteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“Peoples in
29、terest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.”said Jeff Lin,MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author.“But its amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditat
30、ors.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object,commonly your breath,but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,”Lin said,“It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body.The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the min
31、d travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authorsWilliam Eckerle,Ling Peng and Jason Moserhired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants,who had never meditated before,were take
32、n through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography(脑电图),or EEG.Then,they completed a computerized distraction(分心)test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level,so we got precise measures of brain a
33、ctivity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,”Lin said.“A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity,which is linked to conscious error recognition.We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“Th
34、ese findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brains ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,”Moser said.12.What does the underlined word“altered”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Changed.B.Prevented.C.Started.D.Recorded.13.Why is open monitoring med
35、itation different?A.It is just aimed at a single object.B.It clears your mind of everything.C.It gets too caught up in the scenery.D.It focuses on where the mind travels.14.What did the researchers do for the study A.They hired people who had meditated before.B.They measured the participants brain a
36、ctivity.C.They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D.They had non-meditators design a distraction test.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a Hurry B.Youre Able to Recognize Errors Consciously C.Meditators Brain Proves Much More Active D.OMM Can Help You Make
37、 Fewer Mistakes 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Youre readingThe Week Juniormagazine right now,which means you enjoy finding out about news and interesting stories._16_Because its full of things that affect you and your classmates.If your school doesnt have a new
38、spaper or magazine,speak to a teacher and tell them why it would be a good idea._17_It can also bring pupils，teachers,parents and carers together.For the people who make the newspaper,it teaches them about writing,being creative,teamwork,computer skills,listening to each other and being responsible.
39、A good way to start is with a meeting for the people whowant to help.Talk about which school stories you would like to appear in the newspaper,who would be the best person to write them and which photographs and images you can use._18_ One person-or maybe two or threemight want to be the editor.The
40、editors job is to decide things like a headline to go with each story and what goes on the front page.Making the newspaper on a computer doesnt have to be complicated._19_You can make changes as the stories and pictures come together,and dont be afraid to move things around to make the pages look be
41、tter._20_If printing the pages is difficult or expensive,the publication could be sent out in a digital format through the schools email system or displayed as a blog on the school website.A.Dont forget to decide on a name for the newspaper too!B.Try one issue a term so that you will learn more next
42、 term.C.It allows students to discuss events that have happened or are happening.D.Making a school newspaper is a fun way to create your own publication.E.You can use simple systems like Microsoft Word,Publisher or Powerpoint.F.Keep things simple at the beginning,with maybe four pages for the first
43、issue.G.A visit to the office of a local newspaper would be a great experience for your team.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 When spring cleaning season arrived this year,I decided that it was time to get_21_of the accumulated stuff more
44、than just a winters worth of dust and dirt.This stuff was lining my walls,_22_my shelves,and was even piling on my_23_and not bringing me one bit of_24_.I couldnt even remember how I got some of it,but I knew I wanted it_25_.It turned out to be an even_26_job than I thought.Twenty-year-old bills and
45、 receipts were_27_in the trash.File cases were cleaned of papers that were no longer_28_.Broken bowls,dented pans,and damaged containers were finally_29_.Unknown clothes were pulled out of the closet and bagged up to be given away to the local_30_.Old books were to be passed on for others to read an
46、d_31_.It took several days to get it all done,but in the end I was able to walk_32_a home that seemed a little tidier.My heart was a lot_33_too.It felt so good to be able to handle all the junk and to_34_focus on the_35_stuff in life again.What is the essential stuff?What is the stuff that brings_36
47、_to our days?A loving heart is essential.A_37_spirit is essential.A soul full of goodness and a life full of_38_is essential.The essential stuff cant be_39_,sold,or stored.It can only be chosen,created,and given away.The essential stuff is the stuff we all really want.It is the stuff we all really_4
48、0_.21.A.hold B.rid C.help D.doubt 22.A.pushing B.adding C.filling D.gathering 23.A.mind B.mood C.state D.part 24.A.regret B.sorrow C.happiness D.pride 25.A.gone B.begun C.kept D.closed 26.A.worse B.better C.smaller D.bigger 27.A.protected B.cast C.wasted D.ordered 28.A.reliable B.valueless C.necessa
49、ry D.useless 29.A.laid out B.put away C.given out D.thrown away 30.A.charity B.museum C.club D.hotel 31.A.feel B.learn C.write D.enjoy 32.A.out B.past C.through D.from 33.A.heavier B.lighter C.sadder D.younger 34.A.hardly B.even C.just D.narrowly 35.A.crazy B.essential C.hopeful D.reasonable 36.A.me
50、aning B.present C.right D.confidence 37.A.painful B.sorrowful C.faithful D.joyful 38.A.lending B.sharing C.trust D.gain 39.A.bought B.borrowed C.rented D.begged 40.A.understand B.respect C.need D.possess 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 In any major Indian city,people