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1、2021 届上海红军中学高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A My wife Hilary andI were on the beach,with three of our children,taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we saw a bear.The bear was thin and small,moving aimlessly.Jus
2、t a few minutes later,I heard my daughter shouting,“Dad!The bear is right behind us!An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute.This one was silent and its ears pinned back the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill.And
3、it was a cold April day.Thebear behaved abnormally,probably because of hunger.I held my camera tripod(三脚架)in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me.Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders,and the tripod stuck across its mouth.It bit down and I found myself supporting its
4、 weight.I knew 1 would not be able to hold it for long.Even so,this was a fight I had to win:I was all that stood between the bear and my family,who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.The bear hit at the camera,cutting it off the tripod.I raised my left arm to protect my f
5、ace;the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.My arm could not move,and I sensed that my bones were going to break.Drawing back my free hand,I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times.The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur,trying to push it away.I was
6、actually wrestling with the bear at this point.Then,as suddenly as it had begun,the fight ended.The bear moved back towards-the forest,before returning for another attack the first time I felt panic.Obviously satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off,destroying a fence as it went
7、.My arm was injured,but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.Im proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome.1.How did the writer feel when faced with the brown bear?A.Fearful but confident.B.Nervous but brave.C.Upset but determined.D.A
8、wful but hopeful.2.The bear finally went away after it A.got injured B.felt safe C.found some food D.took away the camera 3.What does the author want to tell us?A.We should keep calm when troubles come B.We should rise to the challenge when faced with difficulties.C.We should not risk ourselves in s
9、ome dangerous areas.D.We should learn to take advantage of anything at hand when in trouble.B Cuckoos dont bother building their own neststhey just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests.But other birds are wishing up,evolving some seriously impressive tricks
10、to spot the cuckoo eggs.Cuckoos are often know asparasites,meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species.To avoid detection,the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets.If the host bird doesnt notice the strange egg in its nest,the litt
11、le cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out,taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young,the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes,which were only now beginning to fully understa
12、nd.One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes,which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can.This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly
13、 the same to our eyes.Fascinatingly,were actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos.For instance,some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts.The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the re
14、dstarts,and yet they are still sometimes rejected.Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks.While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs,their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots.And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.Biologists suspect these
15、 more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as the redstarts,but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion.Whats remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good,and yet cuckoos are still more successfu
16、l with the former than the latter.It speaks to just how thoroughly a species behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection,or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks.Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite ever
17、y so often because they dont want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.4.This passage can be most likely found in a _.A.science survey B.nature magazine C.zoo advertisement D.travel journal 5.What does the underlined word“parasite”in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?A.Animals
18、that work together to raise young.B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.C.Animals that can adapt to changing environments.D.Animals which live on or inside other host animals.6.Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?A.It is colour-blind and therefore cannot
19、 identify foreign eggs in the nest.B.It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.C.It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.D.It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.7.Which of the following can b
20、e inferred from the passage?A.Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.B.Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.C.Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.D.It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnocks egg.C Kamikats
21、u,a small town in Japan,has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects,and not just on our environment.Theexperiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years ago.But almost immediately,the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the pois
22、onous gases when garbage was burned in it.It was too expensive to send waste to other towns,so locals had to come up with a new plan.Then the Zero Waste Academy was born,which helped perform this plan.Now Kamikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories.But in the beginning,it wasn
23、t easy to convince local people to do all this work,and there was somepushback.Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.This is all great news for waste reduction of course,but it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well.Like much of Japan,Kamikatsus popu
24、lation is aging,and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly.The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.That idea has been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped of
25、f and others can take them,and a tableware library where people can borrow extra cups,glasses,silverware and plates for celebrations.The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service,but an opportunity to socialize with the younger generation and to chat.When we visit them,they prepare lots of
26、food and we stay with them for a while,we ask how they are,Sakano,the founder of the Zero Waste Academy,said.Sakanos ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it.Shes proving that community can be found through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.8.What is mainly talked about in par
27、agraph 2?A.What harmful effects garbage burning has.B.Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan.C.How the idea of zero waste was put forward.D.What the Zero Waste Academy functions as.9.What does the underlined word pushback probably mean?A.Inactive response.B.Generous reward.C.Bitter suffering.D.Be
28、neficial guidance.10.What is a bonus of the zero waste project?A.Reducing waste.B.Creating community.C.Increasing peoples income.D.Developing a new technology.11.Which part of a newspaper is this text most likely from?A.Technology.B.Health.C.Workplace.D.Lifestyle.D Scientists have long sought to pre
29、vent sharp memories from dulling with age,but the problem remains unsettled.Now research published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area.Half
30、spent a dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth;they wore headsets and walked in place,walking virtual neighborhoods while completing small tasks.The other half,in the control group,used electronic tablets to play games that did not require recalling details.After
31、 15 sessions(期),the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-term memory test.But the Labyrinth players gain an improvement in memory through the VR game.A scientist Peter Wais of the University of California said the improvements brought them up to the level of another group of younger
32、 adults taking the same memory tests.Meredith Thompson,an education researcher,studies learning through VR games but was not involved in the new study.It would be great to actually follow people over time and see what this type of game does for long-term memory.She says,adding VR can provide greater
33、 involvement than other games.Waiss team is now investigating how long the observed effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.A cognitive(认知)psychologist,Daniel Simons,who was also not involved in the study,notes experiments with other games that claim to train the brain h
34、ave often failed to evaluate this.And it remains unclear how test performance in a laboratorysetting might translate to real-world situations.The outcome,Simons notes,“needs to be repeated,ideally with a much larger group,before its treated as a strong finding.”For now,Wais says,the team hopes its s
35、tudies with similar-sized groups will help draw funding to test the game in a larger pool of participants.12.What is the passage mainly about?A.Peoples memory gradually fails as they age.B.People of different ages should play VR games.C.Virtual reality changes peoples memory.D.Virtual reality improv
36、es older adults memory.13.What is Meredith Thompsons attitude toward the research?A.satisfied.B.enthusiastic.C.cautious.D.concerned.14.According to the scientists,the research needs to be improved due to _.A.the lack of financial support.B.the limited pool of participants.C.the unsatisfying test per
37、formance.D.the impractical application in real world.15.Where may the passage come from?A.A novel.B.A review.C.A magazine.D.A guidebook.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Suppose you were promised$1,440 each day for your entire life-at least$524,600 a year-that coul
38、d never be reduced or changed as long as you live.Sounds great,doesnt it?Actually,we all do get 1,440 a daybut in minutes,not dollars._16_It is possible to get more money,but you can not make more time.We all know“time is money”.Then are you a good steward of your time？_17_ Find out where your time
39、is going now._18_.Include work,cooking and meals,cleaning and personal hygiene,sleep ,family time and mindless activities such as binge-watching TV and getting lost in social media.Set limits.Use kitchen timers,phone reminders,apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively._
40、19_Putting things together is really helpful.When you have errands(差事)to run,instead of making three separate trips on three different days tograb groceries,office supplies or home store products,put things into one hit all three stores in one trip.It is more efficient to finish“one-off”tasks in one
41、 swoop(突袭)rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day.At the end of the day,week,month and year,take a look at how well you have managed your time.You will see where you could do better and where you have accomplished what you set out to do.It is similar to reviewing your annual financial
42、 statement._20_Do that over and over and“it becomes habit”.Just like muscle memory,it is natural.A.You can find your time passing by quickly.B.Group small tasks into one job.C.Write down everything you do in a day.D.Time is our most precious and limited resource.E.There are many benefits of managing
43、 your time properly.F.Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar：G.Take time each day to reflect on your accomplishments and set goals for tomorrow.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 21.5 分，满分 30 分）Chi
44、nas cultural relic protection has made progress,but many problems still exist and need to be solved.Chinahas made over 30_21_based on the law of cultural relic protection.China has also_22_four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection and investment(投资)in cultural relic protecti
45、on has also_23_.Statistics(数据)show_24_from 2000 to 2005 when China carried out its 10th FiveYear Development Plan,total investment in the field_25_22.889 billionyuan.With financial support from government,Chinaalso started a nationwide campaign to search and_26_cultural relics in 2003.China has so f
46、ar included a total of 2,351 cultural relic_27_and 518 intangible(无形的)cultural relics on the_28_of national protected items.Recovery and protection have been carried out on important cultural relic sites_29_thePotalaPalaceinTibetand thePalaceMuseuminBeijing.Chinese museums have developed well in rec
47、ent years.Chinahas more than 2,300 museums that_30_about 150 million people annually.However,cultural relics inChinanow face great_31_.Many historic cities have been_32_.Illegal trade and smuggling(走私)activities have not been forbidden,_33_has led to the loss of national treasures overseas._34_,many
48、 important cultural relic sites have disappeared_35_are hard to pass on because of too much exploration and improper use.And cultural relics_36_by minority ethnic groups(少数民族)have lost their character due to the_37_lifestyle of the people._38_,we should keep our mind clear and take_39_to better prot
49、ect cultural relics,and_40_the whole society to take part in this cause.23.A.ways B.principles C.measures D.rules 24.A.formed B.organized C.joined D.built 25.A.improved B.increased C.promoted D.developed 26.A.which B.that C.where D.what 27.A.arrived B.expected C.reached D.jumped 28.A.protect B.devel
50、op C.form D.check 29.A.spots B.landscapes C.addresses D.sites 30.A.list B.record C.file D.case 31.A.such as B.except for C.as well as D.rather than 32.A.make B.attract C.enjoy D.satisfy 33.A.chances B.opportunities C.pressures D.challenges 34.A.missed B.disappeared C.lost D.destroyed 35.A.what B.whe