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1、2021 届上海美国学校高三英语下学期期末试卷及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A TheBest Placeto Camp in Each State Washington-SecondBeach,Olympic National Park Campers put up their tents right on the sand of thisPacific Northwestbeach.Make a campfire,photograph sunse
2、t over the sea and try to absorb this charming spot with your entire being.Alaska-Bartlett Cove Campground,Glacier(冰川)Bay National Park In a state full of natural riches,Glacier Bayis a wonder,home to high peaks,whales,700 miles of coastline,and light blue glaciers that flow directly into the sea.Se
3、t within temperate rainforest along Bartlett Cove,the parks only campground is impressively green and an easy jumping-off point for boat tours.Arizona-Havasupai Campground,Havasupai Reservation Getting to Havasupai is a challenge.Permits are snatched(剥夺)up almost instantly,and even if you get one it
4、s a 10-mile hike from the border to reach this rural campground that hugs Havasu Creek.Make the journey,however,and youre rewarded with a series of great waterfalls and natural pools.Arkansas-BuffaloNationalRiver Americas first national river travels 135 miles through the Ozark Mountains,winding its
5、 way over rapids,forming peaceful pools and passing rocky cliffs topped by green forest.Plan a float trip and absorb the scenery at a leisurely pace,pausing for hikes to visitLostValleys caves or the 200-foot waterfalls.1.Which state may attract people preferring glaciers?A.Alaska.B.Washington.C.Ari
6、zona.D.Arkansas.2.What makesArizonaa popular camp choice among tourists?A.The blue glaciers and green rainforests.B.The winding national river and cliffs.C.The soaring peaks and long coastline.D.The beautiful waterfalls and pools.3.What can you do when camping inArkansas?A.Take a long trip on foot.B
7、.Visit caves and waterfalls.C.Put up a well-equipped tent.D.Enjoy a view of sunset.B Brain cells work to actively forget memories during a specific period of sleep.When we sleep our brains clear out the memories weve made while were awake,deciding what to keep and what to get rid of.Forgetting is an
8、 active process,explained the authors of the study published in the journal Science.But less is known about this process during the different periods of sleep.They found that during the rapid eye movement(REM)sleep period or active sleep when we are thought to dream special nerve cells appear to act
9、ively contribute to forgetting.What are known as melanin-concentrating hormone-producing(MCH)neurons(神经元)sit in the hypothalamus(下丘脑):a part of the brain which helps with a range of functions such as sleep,appetite and emotions.Past research has suggested these cells help to control REM sleep patter
10、ns:activating the MCH neurons increasing time spentin this period,while preventingthemreducing changes into this period.The scientists looked at MCH cells in mice,and found 52.8 percent were active during REM sleep,compared with 35 percent when the mice were awake.Study co-author Thomas Kilduff,dire
11、ctor of the Center for Neuroscience at SRI International,told Newsweek the team was surprised to find that mice performed better on learning and memory tasks when the MCH cells were prevented.“This result suggests that activation of the MCH neurons may affect memory that is,MCH neurons may facilitat
12、e forgetting,”Kilduff explained.When asked what motivated the study,Kilduff said,“We hope the work could deepen our understanding of Alzheimers disease.Understanding the neural basis of learning and memory is a huge area of neuroscience research because of its effects on our everyday lives,as well a
13、s diseases such as Alzheimers disease.Prior to this work,no one suspected that MCH neurons had anything to do with forgetting,”said Kilduff.4.What can we infer from paragraph 1?A.Forgetting is a passive process.B.The forgetting process is known to us.C.Some memories are forgotten while we are awake.
14、D.Certain memories are removed while we are asleep.5.What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.REM sleep patterns.B.Past researches.C.MCH neurons.D.A range of functions.6.Why did Kilduffs team conduct the research?A.To publish the study in the journal Science.B.To know more about
15、Alzheimers disease.C.To contribute to humans forgetting.D.To explore our everyday lives.7.What can we know about MCH?A.MCH cells takes control of REM sleep patterns.B.MCH neurons may disturb memory consolidation.C.MCH neurons have nothing to do with forgetting.D.MCH cells help mice performing better
16、 on learning.C Hidden beneath the surface in the roots of Earths astonishing and diverse plant life,there exists a biological superhighway linking together the members of the plant kingdom in what researchers call the wood wide web.The network is comprised of thin threads of fungus(真菌)that grow outw
17、ards underground up to a few meters from its partnering plant,meaning that all of the plant life within a region likely connected to one another.The partnership is beneficial for both parties involved,plants provide carbohydrates(碳水化合物)to the funguses and in exchange,the funguses aid in gathering wa
18、ter and providing nutrients to its partnering plant.A study conducted by Rensen Zeng of theSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversityfound that this also allowed for plants to warn one another of potential harm.The study showed Broad Beans used the fungal network to spy on one another for upcoming danger.Like
19、 our Internet,this fungal connectivity is also full of crime.Some plants,such as Golden Marigolds have been found to release poisons into the network to slow down the growth of surrounding plants in the fight for water and light.Other plants,such as the Phantom Orchid,do not have the chlorophyll(叶绿素
20、)and must get the necessary nutrients from surrounding plants.Research suggests that animals such as insects and worms may be able to detect slight exchanges of nutrients through the network,allowing them to more easily find delicious roots to feed on;however,this has not been conclusively made clea
21、r in experimentation.The more we learn about this phenomenon,the more our understanding of the plant life of our planet will continue to change.Perhaps one day,we may be able to map out these complex networks entirely.8.What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To explain the aim of the web.B.To
22、 introduce the main topic.C.To give definition of diverse life.D.To show the importance of plants.9.The criminal behavior of plants can be seen as a way to_.A.compete for survival B.gather more water C.take in sunlight D.break natural rules 10.What does the last paragraph suggest?A.Animals can also
23、feed on the fungus.B.Nutrient exchanges are too slight to detect.C.No experiment can prove the phenomenon.D.More needs to be done to work out the network.11.Which can be the best title for the text?A.The Partnership between Plants B.The Unknown Roots of the Earth C.The Superhighway Linking the Plant
24、s D.The Mysterious Map Changing the World D Hardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global Souths landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste)currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as
25、more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghanas capital,Accra.It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They r
26、isk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsr
27、egulations by exporting e-waste labelled as secondhand goods to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising:smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,le
28、ad and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly,one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level thats about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous c
29、hemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all,since some ofGhanas top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling s
30、ystem at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone,as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware,especially when governments green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more
31、 economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair,reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral 12.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B.Electro
32、nic waste is too complex to get fully recycle C.Electronic products need to be improved urgently D.Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie 13.What does the underlined word circumventsin Paragraph 3 mean?A.Abolishes B.Tightens C.Brings in D.Gets around 14.What should be the best co
33、ncern according to the text?A.The thread of polluted food around the world B.The damage of chickens immune system C.The lack of diversity inGhanas exports D.The violation of EFSAs standards 15.What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A.Manufacturers developing a sustain
34、able hardware economy B.Governments adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C.Reducing customers demands for electronic products D.Manufacturers urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Friends sh
35、ould always be honest with you,right?So when they lie,it can be really hard to take.You want to trust your friends and that means knowing that theyll tell it to you straight no matter what it is._16_Why does this happen?_17_ One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feel
36、ings.Some people dont understand the difference between being gently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that they leave a verbal wound.They choose to avoid these two extremes in the form of a lie.They feel embarrassed.Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they
37、are too embarrassed to admit the truth.Maybe they are going through a rough time and they just dont want you to know about it.Avoid trying to badger(纠缠)your friends into telling you whats wrong._18_ Avoid an argument with you.Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth,youll get angry
38、with them.Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant,you dont overact._19_If you do end up arguing,do it in a respectable way.Exclude you.Lying isnt always a sign that friends are trying to protect you,however._20_When you find out with certainty that your friend is lying to you,try a
39、nd face it.If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesnt want to be around you,thats your wake-up to move on.A.Protect your feelings.B.They want to be your closer friends.C.But a friend who lies isnt always trying to hurt you.D.Consider whats being said and why your friend is telling you
40、 this.E.Being honest and making a sincere effort can keep the friendship strong.F.Sometimes they lie because they dont want you to be included in their plans.G.Instead,make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下
41、面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 I went to a New York Mets fantasy camp in 1991,and I was fortunate to be on a team for a week whose pitching(投球)coach was famous Mel Stottlemyre.Mel was wonderful to all of us_21_ballplayers throughout the week.He was warm and_22_，treating us as if we were majo
42、r leaguers.At last，Mel_23_the job at the Mets and became the coach for the Yankees.I followed his_24_and knew about his diagnosis(诊断)of a blood cancer in 2000.Luckily，a suitable_25_appeared during a championship run，so he took_26_from the Yankees to undergo a stem cell transplant(干细胞移植)In 2002,I was
43、_27_by desperation because I was diagnosed with the same disease and needed a stem cell transplant too.I was in a very_28_need to speak to Mel，but I had lost_29_with him.One day，my phone rang.It was Mel.He explained_30_his experience of having the transplant to mefor all of an hour.I_31_every word.“
44、I feel great，so Im not_32_，”he told me.At last，he ended the_33_by giving me his home phone number！This unbelievable experience_34_my spirits.Every time I saw Mel during games on TV as I_35_for my transplant，I repeated to myself，“Look at Mel.Ill_36_.”The great news is that my doctors told me my_37_we
45、nt into remission(缓解)thanks to the successful transplantand it has been_38_for 15 years.Since then，I have spoken to many_39_with the same problem.I have been glad to_40_Mel to share what he did for me.21.A.major B.native C.raw D.dynamic 22.A.easygoing B.faultfinding C.farseeing D.hardworking 23.A.la
46、nded B.considered C.offered D.quit 24.A.guide B.advice C.career D.order 25.A.donor B.position C.program D.coach 26.A.advantage B.action C.leave D.service 27.A.controlled B.frightened C.awaken D.overcome 28.A.instant B.unusual C.growing D.continual 29.A.confidence B.contact C.patience D.restriction 3
47、0.A.anxiously B.cautiously C.humorously D.detailedly 31.A.referred to B.looked through C.drank in D.left out 32.A.recovering B.retiring C.competing D.compromising 33.A.appreciation B.presentation C.suggestion D.conversation 34.A.lifted B.broke C.relieved D.beat 35.A.waited B.applied C.wished D.searc
48、hed 36.A.chance it B.make it C.get it D.catch it 37.A.desperation B.pain C.treatment D.condition 38.A.absent B.stable C.effective D.complete 39.A.players B.surgeons C.patients D.friends 40.A.inspire B.copy C.invite D.assist 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 There may be
49、 a new species of foxlike cat.Wildlife rangers(护林员)from Frances National Hunting and Wildlife Agency located 16 of the_41._(rare)seen golden striped(有条纹的)creatures in mountainous areas of a French island.The cats are_42._(big)and more aggressive than a typical house cat，and have highly developed tee
50、th and large，ringed tails.Because of the_43._(appear)，they are known locally as the“catfox”The creature hunts at night and，from the looks,_44._(be)just thrilled by all of the attention.The cat could have originated in Africa or the Middle East thousands of years ago,_45._(belong)to an ancient specie