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1、Tyranny of the Tyranny of the UrgentUrgentCharles E.HummelTyranny:n.nunfair or cruel use of power or authoritye.g.the tyranny of military rule(fig)submit to the tyranny of inflexible office hours I Pre-reading Questionsn1.Do you often feel pressed by time?Do you hate meeting deadlines?n2.Do you thin
2、k you are successful in managing your time?Why or why not?Have you ever thought of ways to improve the management of your time?II Text 1.Background information:The American View of Time nAmericans treat time as if it were something almost tangible:they budget it,save it,waste it,steal it,kill it,and
3、 account for it;they also charge for it.It is a precious commodity.nMost Americans live according to time segments laid out in engagement calendars.These calendars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes.nAs a result,Americans work hard at the task of saving time.They communicate r
4、apidly through telexes,phone calls or memos rather than through personal contacts.People are meeting increasingly on television screens to settle problems by“teleconferences”.nIn the U.S.,it is taken as a sign of competence to solve a problem,or fulfill a job successfully with rapidity.nConsider the
5、 Chinese view of time!“The U.S.is definitely a telephone country.”2.Text AnalysisThis is a well-organized argumentative essay.Para 1-2 Introductory part:can not really help relieve people of the pressure.Para 3-5Body:the pressure in our life originates from the mishandled problem of .Para 6Concludin
6、g part:we are slaves to“”.the prolongation of timeprioritiesthe tyrannyof the urgentComprehension of the textPart （P1-2）nQs:n1.How does the author introduce his topic?n2.Why do people wish for a thirty-hour day?Does the author believe that this extra time will help people to ease the pressure?nA1:Th
7、e author introduces his topic with a rhetorical question.nA rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its rhetorical effect without the expectation of a reply(eg:Why me?).nRhetorical questions encourage the listener to think about the(often obvious)answer to the q
8、uestion.nWhen a speaker states,How much longer must our people endure this injustice?,no formal answer is expected.Rather,it is a device used by the speaker to achieve an emphasis.nA2:People always find themselves in short supply of time.An extra six hours may relieve them of the pressure.nNo.The au
9、thor does not think that the prolongation of time may solve the problem of short-age of time once for all because ones work is endless.With this extra time,he believes,people could only afford to do more work rather than all the work.Language pointsn1.trail a long line or series of marks that is lef
10、t by somebody/something e.g.He went inside,leaving a trail of muddy footprints behind him.Translate:飓风过后满目疮痍。nThe hurricane left a trail of destruction behind it.n2.haunt to be always in the thoughts of;return repeatedly to the mind of e.g.Thirty years after the earthquake he is still haunted by ima
11、ges of death and destruction.The memory of that day still haunts me.n(of ghosts)visit(a place)regularly:a haunted housen3.exacting(of a person or piece of work)demanding much care,effort and attentione.g.an exacting teacher/piece of work Volunteers are needed for an exacting assignment.nsynonym dema
12、ndingnexact v.insist on and obtain;requiree.g.exact obedience from ones staff(fml)Her work exacts great care and attention.Part 2（P3-5）Qs:n1)What is the problem of priorities?n2)When are people liable to frustration?n3)Why do people often delay an important task?nA1:What should people deal with firs
13、t when confronted with endless tasks?nUrgent vs.ImportantnA2:When they find numerous tasks unfinished and especially when they find that they have left the important tasks aside.nA3:People are constantly driven by urgent tasks while they are usually given more time to accomplish important tasks.As a
14、 result,they are likely to lack a sense of urgency for important tasks.Language pointsn1.dilemma e.g.The doctor faced a dilemma as whether he should tell the patient the truth or not.The president finds himself in a dilemma over how to tackle the crisis.nsynonym predicamentn2.priority1)c something t
15、hat is regarded as more important than others 2)Education is a top priority.Our first priority is to improve standards.Financial security was high on his list of priorities.You need to get your priorities right.(American English)You need to get your priorities straight.2)u priority(over something)hi
16、gh or top place among various things to be doneClub members will be given priority.The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research.nprioritize v.:to put tasks,etc.in order of importancen3.misgiving:doubt,distrust,or fear,esp.about a future eventnThe plan seemed utterl
17、y impractical and I was filled with misgiving about it.Translate:我对是否接受那份工作顾虑重重。I have serious misgivings about taking that job.n4.crowd out to keep out for lack of spacee.g.Pressure on study space has crowded out new students from many university libraries.The article was crowded out of yesterdays
18、edition.n prevent sb/sth from operating successfullyTranslate:小商店受到大超市不断排挤。Small shops are being crowded out by the bigsupermarkets.n5.He didnt realize how hard his maxim hit.It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the critical problem of priorities.(Para.4)nrebuke：to speak angrily toe.g.
19、He was rebuked for cheating.Paraphrase:He did not realize what an impact his words had on me.They often return to my mind and reproach me with the grave problem of priorities.Part 3（P6）nQs:n1)Why does the author say:A mans home is no longer his castle?n2）What does tyranny of the urgent mean?Referenc
20、enA1:A castle is a strongly-built building against attacks,especially as in former times.In old days,one might be kept away from all the worries about work once he was back home.But in modem times,with the development of telecommunication,one can hardly avoid being interrupted even when he is at hom
21、e.nA2:The tyranny of the urgent implies that the urgent things outweigh everything else.As people tend to give priorities to things that are urgent,they are likely to neglect things that are important,but less urgent.n1.breach to break(a promise,agreement,etc.);to make a gap ine.g.The government is
22、accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.breach the enemy defencesnbreach n.(please refer to dictionary)n2.imperious (too)commanding;expecting obedience from othersnan imperious gesture/look/command n傲慢的姿势、飞扬跋扈的样子、专横的命令n3.devour to use up all of something;to eat hungrily or greedily;destroynHer
23、job devours all her energy.nHe devoured half of his burger in one bite.n fig She devoured the new detective story.Translate:大火吞噬了大片森林。n fig Fire devoured a huge area of forest.n4.But in the light of times perspective their deceptive prominence fades;with a sense of loss we recall the important tasks
24、 pushed aside.nin the light of in view of,consideringnIn the light of recent incidents,we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.nprominence the fact or quality of being well-known and importantnMessi came to prominence during the World Cup in Germany.nMost of
25、the papers give prominence to the same story.Paraphrase:nBut from a long-term perspective,they no longer seem to be important as they promised,and we suffer from a sense of loss when we recall those important tasks left undone.Organization of the textThesis:We should not let the urgent matters take
26、priority over important ones.Supporting idea 1:The prolongation of the day would not help us finish all our work.(evidence)Supporting idea 2:The root cause of our failure to complete all the tasks is not shortage of time,but the critical problem of priorities.(evidence)Conclusion:We need to see thro
27、ugh the deceptive appearance of the urgent tasks and focus our attention and energy on the important ones.Rhetorical features:nParallelism:n So we find ourselves working more and enjoying it less(Paragraph 2);nwe have left undone those things,which we ought to have done;and we have done those things
28、 which we ought not to have done(Paragraph 3).Parallelism(1)nParallelism:nParallelism or parallel construction is used for the expression of similar thoughts in a balanced way.By“balanced way”is meant a balanced,or coordinated arrangement of grammatical structures.Here are some ways in which paralle
29、l construction are formed.Parallelism(2)n1.words related in meaning and belonging to the same grammatical category are joined together in phrases,e.g.,nsugar and salt walking or runningnneither hungry nor cold firm but kindlyParallelism(3)n2 The grammatical structure are kept in balance,e.g.nShe lik
30、es going to the country and having picnics there.n or,nShe likes to go to the country and to have picnics there.n but not,nShe likes going to the country and to have picnics there.Parallelism(4)n3 Similar structures are arranged in a series,following the same trend of thought,e.g.,nThe roads have be
31、en made broader,the buildings have been built higher,and the whole town has been improved a great deal.nAt school,I learn from teachers.At home,I learn from my parents.nI love singing.I love dancing.But I love cooking best of all.Parallelism(5)nParallelism can make sentences clear,forceful,lively,an
32、d effective.nParallel constructions are usually linked by coordinating conjunctions such as:nand but nor ornbothand eitherornneithernor.not onlybut alsoPhrasesn(P2)catch up(on/with something):to spend time or efforts doing something that you have had not time to do properly until now.nHe shut himsel
33、f away for a month to catch up on his academic work.ncatch up(with somebody):to reach somebody in front of you by walking faster;to reach the same standard or level as they are.(P3)apart from1)It is used to refer to something,often something small or unimportant,which is an exception to the general
34、situation or state of affairs.=excepting for 除了除了以外（别无）；除去以外（别无）；除去 nShe had no money,apart from the five pounds that Christopher had given her.nApart from his nose he is quite good-looking.2)In addition to除了除了以外（尚有）；不止以外（尚有）；不止 nApart from the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.nA re
35、lationship between ideas of approximately equal importance.nIn English,there are three basic coordinators:and,or,but.Other familiar coordinators are yet,so,bothand,not onlybut(also),eitheror,neithernor,etc.nMost declarative sentences are in normal order.Those beginning with then,there,here,so(meanin
36、g“in the same way”,“also”),neither,nor(meaning“also not”),never,little,often,not only,not until,hardly,scarcely,thus,no sooner(than),etc.,are usually in inverted order.Grammar point:CoordinationnThen entered the bride,smiling shyly.nHere comes the champion!nSo were the other students,all of whom wan
37、ted to participate in the contest.nNeither would he leave without first inspecting what had happened.nNever would I see such a scene again!nSo little did I know about music that I dozed off during the concert.nNot only had I slept for ten hours,but the sleep was a dreamless one.Examples:nNot until N
38、ew Years Day did they finally become reconciled.nHardly had we settled down when we were told to leave.nScarcely had she entered the room when the phone rang.nThus began the march of the queen ant.nNo sooner had the bell rung than everyone rushed out of the room.nOften would I go there to see the be
39、autiful pieces of art.Translation exercises1.He was haunted by his childhood memories.2.More volunteers are needed to finish the exacting work.3.Housing ranks first on my list of priorities.4.Father rebuked his son for being lazy.5.In his The Way to Wealth,Franklin gave readers many maxims on how to achieve earthly success.6.His imperious manner was more than I could bear.7.The fire devoured the forests.8.The newspaper wont accept any deceptive advertisements.