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1、 The kinds of attribute(定语定语):1.He is an honest boy.2.We love our country.3.Whats your telephone number?4.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.5.The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.modify(修饰修饰),restrict(限定限定)常译作：常译作：的的 定语的位置定语的位置 1.This is a flower baske
2、t.2.This is a basket full of flowers.3.This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）饰词的后面。）（一）定义及相关术语（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句定语从句(attributive clause)：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等等关系副词有关系副词有:when,where,whyI have an apple.The apple is red.I have an applethat/which is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代
4、词关系代词关系副词关系副词事，物：事，物：which/that/whose/as 人：人：who/whom/whose/that/as地点：地点：where时间：时间：when原因：原因：whyThe Attributive Clause（定语从（定语从句）句）He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.引导词引导词关系代词关系代词:who,whom,that,which,whose,as关系副词关系副词:where when why先行词先行词引导词引导词定语从句定语从句关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句
5、引导定语从句；B.代替先行词代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.（二）关系代词引导的定语从句（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.Yesterday
6、 I helped an old man who had lost his way.That is the teacher who teaches us English.2.whom 指人，在定语从句中指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on thebus.Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want to see.注意：注意：关系代词关系代词 whom 在口语在口语或非正式文体中常可用或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。来代替，也可省略。The man
7、(whom/who)you met just now is my oldfriend.3.which 指物，在定语从句中指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.The factory which makes computers is far away from here.He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.This is the pen(which)he bought yest
8、erday.4that 指人时，相当于指人时，相当于 who 或或 whom；指物时，相当于指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that/who come to visit this city eachyear reaches one million.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.The season th
9、at/which comes after spring is summer.（三）（三）“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的定语从句导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。The school(which/that)he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine(which/that)you ask
10、ed for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.This is the boy(whom/who/that)I played tennis withyesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.Well go to hear the famous singer(whom/who/that)we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we h
11、ave often talked.The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.注意注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。后面。如：如：look for,look after,take care of 等
12、。等。This is the watch(which/that)I am looking for.The babies(whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after arevery healthy.若介词放在关系代词前，关若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用系代词指人时只可用whom，不不可用可用who,that；关系代词指物关系代词指物时只可用时只可用which，不可用不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.The
13、man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.考点一：考点一：只能用只能用THAT 的情况：的情况：*先行词是先行词是最高级最高级或或被最高级被最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best film that I have seen.*先行词是先行词是数词数词或或被序数词被序数词修饰时。修
14、饰时。This is the first thing that I should do.*先行词是先行词是all,any,few,anything,everything,nothing,something,All that I should do has been done.*先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时.This is the only book that I want to This is the only book that I want to buy.buy.*先行词既有人又有物时。We were deeply impressed
15、 by the We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we teachers and schools that we visited.visited.*当句中已有whowho时，为避免重复。Who is the woman that is crying?Who is the woman that is crying?不能用THAT THAT 的情况关系代词前有介词时 This is the town in which I was born.This is the town in which I was born.Th
16、is is the person to whom I talked just This is the person to whom I talked just now.now.在非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省；THATTHAT不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Tom has two sisters,who are both Tom has two sisters,who are both nurses.nurses.He got good results,which pleased his He got good results,which pleased his parents very muc
17、h.parents very much.考点二考点二 Whose 用法用法1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。以指人，还可以指物。Anyone _breaks the law is punis
18、hed.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时作先行词时,用用”who”代替代替“that”.考点三考点三:that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho 考点四考点四:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose
19、 me,who _not fit for this job isam 1 1.This is one of the best books.This is one of the best books _._.A.that have ever been written A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written C.that has written D.that have written D.that have written考点
20、五：关系词的省略1、关系代词做主语是不能省略。2、关系代词做宾语时可以省略。3、whose不能省略。1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ made the others unhappy.A.which B.who C.thisD.what2.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom3.Please take any seat _ is f
21、ree.A.which B.where C.in which D.that4.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them5.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.thatD.which6.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we coul
22、d expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it7.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which8.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.that B.which C.the one D./9.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who10.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which11.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.where