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1、名词名词 n.代词代词 pron.动词动词 v.形容词形容词 adj.副词副词 adv.单词分类（单词分类（词性词性）句子成分（句子成分（构成句子的各个部分构成句子的各个部分）主要成分：主语和谓语主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语、补足语状语、同位语、补足语 主语谓语主语谓语是基础，是基础，宾表定状补宾表定状补辅助。辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成句子成分分意意义义充当充当词类词类例句例句主主语语表示句子表示句子说说的是什么的是什么人或什么事人或什么事名，代，数，名，代，数，不定式，不定式，动动名
2、名词词，短，短语语或句子（同或句子（同主主语语）We study in Yaosai Middle School.谓语谓语说说明主明主语语做什么，是做什么，是什么或怎么什么或怎么样样动词动词或或动词词动词词组组She is dancing.宾语宾语表示表示动动作行作行为为的的对对象象名，代，数，名，代，数，不定式，不定式，动动名名词词，短，短语语或句子（同或句子（同主主语语）Both of us like English.The Attributive ClauseTranslate the following sentences into Chinese1.But the one milli
3、on people of the city,who thought little of the events,were asleep as usual that night.2.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometres away.3.A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.4.The number of people who were kille
4、d or injured reached more than 400,000.5.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.6.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.He w
5、ho doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.This note was left by John,who was here a moment ago.定义：修饰定义：修饰_的的句子句子叫叫定语从句定语从句。位置：放在被修饰的位置：放在被修饰的名词名词/代词代词的的_其中的其中的名词名词或或代词代词叫叫_其中其中who叫做叫做_ 分类：分类：_和和_.名词或名词或代词代词后面后面先行词先行词关系词关系词限制性限制性定语从句定语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句标志：有没有逗号标志：有没有逗号关系词关系词关系关系代代词词：关系关系副副词词:w
6、ho/whom (人人）which （物物）that/whose （人人/物物）where/when/whywho/which/where/when/why不是疑问词不是疑问词Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machin
7、e关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The lady is Lucy.We saw her yesterday.herThe lady we saw yesterday is Lucy Who/that关系代词常有关系代词常有3个作用：个作用：1，引导定语从句。，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成，在定语从句中担当一个成分。分。According to the pictures,finish the sentences.The man _ is Liuxiang.who ran fastestLiuxian
8、g is the man _.who ran fastest指人指人指物指物在在从句从句中中主语主语在在从句从句中中宾语宾语在在从句从句中中定语定语whoran fastestLiu xiang is the man _.whom we talked about just nowWe talk aboutJust now指人指人指物指物在在从句从句中中（主语）（主语）在在从句从句中中(宾语宾语)在在从句从句中中（定语）（定语）whomweare fond of Jay Chou is a star _.whom we are fond ofa starwhom周周杰杰伦伦Shahe no.1
9、middle shool is a school Shahe no.1 middle shool is a school _._.which develops fast指人指人指物指物在在从句从句中中主语主语在在从句从句中中宾语宾语在在从句从句中中定语定语whicha schooldevelop fastapplegreenThe apple _ is yours.hersyourswhich is greenredwatchLegend of Zhen Huan is a TV series _.which people love to watchTV seriespepole love t
10、o甄嬛传甄嬛传Rose and Jack are the lovers _met on the ship.the lovers/met on the shipwho/thatRoseJack _指人指人指物指物在在从句从句中中(主语主语)在在从句从句中中(宾语宾语)在在从句从句中中（定语）（定语）thatthe ship/sank after hitting an icebergTitanic:Titanic:Titanic is the ship _sank after hitting an iceberg.which/thatAn small islandlies to the north
11、eastern of TaiwaiThe small island_ _belongs to Chinawhich/that lies to thenortheastern of TaiwaiWhich house is mineWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房顶是棕色的房子是我的。房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brown指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whoseWhose=houses相当于所有格形式相当于所有格形式 whose=of+关系代词关系代词 Th
12、ey live in a house,whose door opens to the south.=They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.=They lived in a house,the door of which opens to the south.Which baby is JackWhich baby is Jack?穿红裤子的穿红裤子的baby是是Jack。whose trousers are redJackwhose+n=the+n+of+which/whom =of+which/whom+the+
13、nThe baby is Jack.the trousers of whom are redof whom the trousers are red第二部分 带定语从句的谚语带定语从句的谚语：1.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。自助者天助之。2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。summary定语从句关系代词：定语从句关系代词
14、：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhoseWhen can they be left out？as objectExercise1.Here are my neighbors_ home was destroyed by the earthquake.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people_ were asleep.3.Several days later most of the buildings _ had
15、 been damaged were repairedwho/thatwhosewhich/that4.This frightened boy _ mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.5.There is a table_ legs were broken in the earthquake.7.“Is this the young man _ saved people trapped under buildings?”she asked.8.A number of children _ parents had died
16、 in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities.whosewhosewho/thatwhose一、一、that和和which用法的区别用法的区别(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all
17、 the books _ you lend me.1、只能用、只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况(that)(that)(3)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.(that)(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book _ belongs to him.that(6)先行词是先行词
18、是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl _ drove the car?(5)先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时。时。The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular with the students.(that)that二、只用二、只用who的情况的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyo
19、ne _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhowhowho先行词是先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时用时用who.(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语介词作宾语（介词提前）。（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.2、只用、只用wh
20、ich不用不用that的情况的情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.under whichon whichwhich1.He did all/everything _ he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man
21、 _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.把把 that,which 或或 who 填入下列空白处填入下列空白处thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat把把that,which,whose,whom or who 填入
22、空格填入空格9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought
23、up by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose三、三、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom/which”1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.
24、on whichduring whichin whichB.与谓语动词的搭配习惯与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2.“介词介词whom/which”与与“whom/w
25、hich/that/介词介词”的转换的转换。1.The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair(which/that)she is sitting on is made of wood.2.Is this the book which you are looking for?注意：注意：介词介词for不能与不能与 look分开。分开。判断：下句对吗？判断：下句对吗？Is this the book at which you are looking?The man _ you shook hands just now is
26、our headmaster.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin whichDid you find the pen _ I wrote just now?Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?with whichon whichHe built a telescope _ he could study the skies.through which有些短语中介词不能提前有些短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking
27、 for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.含有介词的短语动词有些不能含有介词的短语动词有些不能拆开拆开，若拆开就失去意义了，若拆开就失去意义了，如如look after,be made of,take part in,look forward to等等3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词词of,有时可用有时可用whose转换。转换。1)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house _ is round.2)They
28、 live in a house,_ windows facesouth.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whichwhoseof whichwhose roof用介词关系代词填空用介词关系代词填空1.Hes the man _ I learnt the news.2.Whos the person _ you just shookhands.3.I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.4.This is the way _ she studies English.5
29、.The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.6.The key_ she was opening the door broke.7.No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.from whomwith whomof whomin whichwithoutwhichwith whichfor whichExercises:1.All _ is useful to us is good.A.which B.what C.that D.whether2.She w
30、ill never forget the days _ she spent in Beijing.A.when B.what C.which D.why3.The man _ you are talking about is in the next room.A.to whom B.whom C.who D.which4.The text is one of the most interesting stories _ learned in the past three years.A.that have B.that have been C.which has D.which has been5.The college wont take on anyone _ eyesight is weak.A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which