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1、 被动的翻译 The wide use of the passive is considered to be one of the outstanding features of the English language,especially in its scientific documents.In Chinese the passive voice is less commonly used in comparison with that in English on account of the flexible syntax.被动语态的译法-英译汉1.翻译成汉语的主动句 2.译成汉语的
2、被动语态 1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句(1)英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 使用“加以”,“经过”,“用来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 2.Nuclear powers danger to health,safety,and even life itself can be summed up in one word:radiation.核能对健康、安全,甚至对生命本身构成的危
3、险可以用一个词辐射来概括。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句(2)将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语。增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well,but on television everything is much more living,much more real.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 2.Televi
4、sion,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.人们常说,电视使人了解时事,熟悉政治科学领域的最新发展变化,并能源源不断 地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 3
5、.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉
6、语的主动句It is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)It will be said 有人会说It was told that 有人曾经说 1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句(3)将英语原文中的by,in,for等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语。英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 2.By the end of the war,800
7、people had been saved by the organization,but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大战结束时,这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquire
8、d by a sort of special training.许多人认为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与这些思维过程相比,而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句(4)翻译成汉语的无主句。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century,the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具,其中最奇特的也许就是气垫
9、船了。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 It is hoped that 希望It is reported that 据报道It is said that 据说It is supposed that 据推测1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be admitted that 必须承认It must be pointed out that 必须指出It will be seen from this that 由此可见 1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻
10、译成汉语的主动句(5)翻译成带表语的主动句。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as th
11、e other with whom he is being compared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1.1.翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的,但必须具备两个条件:能够 假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有 因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 常用“被”,“给”,“遭”,“挨”,“为所”,“使”,“由”,“受到”等表示。2.2
12、.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature,not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 3.Natural light or“white”light i
13、s actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors,including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流体在管道中流动的情况,受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 5.Th
14、ey may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets,and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 6.Over the years,tools
15、 and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。2.2.译成汉语的被动语态译成汉语的被动语态 7.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all r
16、un dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油的供应可能随时会被中断；不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只要30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。被动的译法被动的译法汉译英汉译英汉语被动句译成英语被动句汉语被动句的构成大致可分为两类：一类带有明显的被动标记词（就是“被”“让”那些）；另一类则没有这种标记词。人们通常使用后一类型的被动句。但不论哪一种类型，翻译成英语时基本上仍可运用被动语态。1）用“被、通过、让、给、遭、由、受、为所”等标记词表示被动语态的汉语被动句。这类句子一般表示较强的被动意义，强调被动的动作。这本书已经被译成多种
17、语言。The book has already been translated into many languages.这个水库的设计将由李教授领导的一个专门小组制订。The design for the reservoir will be made by a special group under the guidance of Professor Li.这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.2）被动标记词不明显的汉语被动句。这类句子一般都有主语和谓语动词，但其主语实际上是动作承受者，并不是动
18、作执行者。真正的动作执行者并没有出现。这样的句子形式上是主动句，含义上却是被动的。事实上，这种被动句在日常生活中使用频率更高，在译成英文时往往要采用被动语态。门锁好了。The door has been locked up.The door has locked itself.这个问题早解决了。This problem has long been solved.你的计划已经批准了。Your plan has been approved.这是可以做到，并且必须做到的。This could be done，and must be done.那本书已经送给他了。That book has been
19、sent to him.新住宅在建造中。New houses are being built/are building.新教材在印刷中。New textbooks are being printed/are printing.报菜名一、以主料开头的翻译方法1、介绍菜肴的主料和辅料：公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料例：杏仁鸡丁chicken cubes with almond牛肉豆腐beef with bean curd西红柿炒蛋Scrambled egg with tomato2、介绍菜肴的主料和味汁：公式：主料(形状)+(with,in)味汁例：芥末鸭掌duck webs with mu
20、stard sauce葱油鸡chicken in Scallion oil米酒鱼卷fish rolls with rice wine二、以烹制方法开头的翻译方法1、介绍菜肴的烹法和主料：公式：烹法+主料(形状)例：软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet烤乳猪roast suckling pig炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices2、介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger3、介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁：公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with,in)味汁
21、例：红烧牛肉braised beef with brown sauce鱼香肉丝fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce清炖猪蹄stewed pig hoof in clean soup 三、以形状或口感开头的翻译方法1、介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料例：芝麻酥鸡crisp chicken with sesame陈皮兔丁diced rabbit with orange peel时蔬鸡片sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables2、介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式：口感
22、+烹法+主料例：香酥排骨crisp fried spareribs水煮嫩鱼tender stewed fish香煎鸡块fragrant fried chicken3、介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁例：茄汁鱼片sliced fish with tomato sauce椒麻鸡块cutlets chicken with hot pepper黄酒脆皮虾仁crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce四、以人名或地名开头的翻译方法1、介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料公式：人名(地名)+主料例：麻婆豆腐Ma Po beancurd四川水饺
23、Sichuan boiled dumpling2、介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料公式：人名(地名)+烹法+主料例：东坡煨肘DongPo stewed pork joint北京烤鸭Roast Beijing Duck在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中，可以采用多种不同的方法，而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译。例如，川菜中的宫保鸡丁这道菜就有以下几种译法：1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts2.Gongbao chicken cubes3.diced chicken with chilli and peanuts1 烹调方式烹调方式 Cooking
24、Method fried.煎.deep fried.炸（干炸）.quick-fried/stir-fried.（爆）炒.braised.炖（烧）.stewed.闷（炖、煨）.stearmed.蒸.smoked.熏.roast.烤.grilled.烤.crisp.香酥.spicy.麻辣.caramelized.拔丝.toffee.拔丝.dices.丁mashed.馅、泥in brown sauce 红烧.in soy sauce 酱汁.in hot sauce 干烧.in tomato sauce 茄汁.in black bean sauce 豆瓣.in rice wine 糟溜.with fi
25、sh flavor 鱼香.with sweet and sour flavor 糖醋.in soup 汆.shreds.丝slices.片.cubes.块2 调味品调味品 Condimentstable salt 食盐sugar 白糖 cheese 奶酪/干酪vinegar 醋 butter 黄油 pepper 胡椒soy sauce 酱油 cream 奶油 curry 咖哩mustard 芥茉tomato sauce 蕃茄酱 honey 蜂蜜gravy 肉汁jam 果酱cube sugar 方糖ginger 姜 garlic 大蒜 shallot 大葱mayonnaise 蛋黄酱sweet
26、soybean paste 甜面酱4 主食主食 Staple food中餐主食中餐主食Chinese Foodrice gruel/porridge 大米粥 millet gruel 小米粥steamed bun/steamed bread 馒头 steamed twisted roll 花卷meat pie 馅饼 pancake 煎饼meat bun/steamed bread with stuffing 包子dumpling 饺子wonton/dumpling soup 馄饨 noodles 面条Sichuan style noodles with peppery sauce 担担面 fried noodles 炒面stretched noodles 拉面 noodles with soup 汤面noodles with soybean paste 炸酱面 beef noodles 牛肉面spring roll/egg roll 春卷 rice noodles 米线sweet dumpling 元宵 egg fried rice 蛋炒饭deep-fried dough sticks 油条 soybean milk 豆浆muffin 松糕/饼 cruller 油饼