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1、 译翻的语习Main contentsThe definition of idiomsThe similarities between Chinese and English idioms 理学院：The definition of IdiomsAccording to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English,an“idiom refers to“a phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words a
2、nd which must be learnt as a whole unit”.English idioms mainly include set phrases or expressions,colloquialism（俗语）,proverbs（谚语）and slangs（俚语）.The similarities between Chinese and English idiomsBoth China and Britain have a long-time history,ancient civilization and glorious culture.Both the two cou
3、ntries have the similar experience and thought.During the communication of the two countries,cultures are interacting.This made some idioms have the same or similar culture characteristicTherefore,the idioms are corresponding no matter in meaning,image cultural flavor.In such condition,we could use
4、the source language to translate the target language directly.ExamplesFailure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母失败乃成功之母 Misfortunes never come singly.祸不单行祸不单行 A wolf in sheeps clothing.披着羊皮的狼披着羊皮的狼 Pour oil on fire.火上浇油火上浇油 Constant dropping wears the stone.水滴石穿水滴石穿 to turn ones boat 破釜沉舟bull market 牛
5、市bear market 熊市easy come,easy go来得容易，去得快 All these show the similarities between the two cultures.When do translating,we can translate directly.Cultural Differences Reflected by Chinese and English Idioms 理学院Main contentsDifferent Living EnvironmentsDifferent Social Customs Different Religions and B
6、elieves Different Historic Allusion 1 Different Living Environmentsa sea of troubles 无尽的烦恼at sea 不知所措 All these idioms have no relation with sea when they are translated into Chinese.follow the vine to get the melon 顺藤摸瓜 2 Different Social CustomsThere are many differences in social customs between
7、Chinese and English languages.The most obvious one is the attitudes towards dogs.gang of scoundrels 猴朋狗友act as a snob 狗眼看人低luck dog 幸运儿love me,love my dog 爱屋及乌3 Different Religions and Believes It is known that most westerners are Christians.So a lot of idioms about itGod helps those who help themse
8、lves 自助者天助 God sends fortune to fools 傻人有傻福However,in China，there are many idioms from Buddhism.As Buddha needs incense,so man needs respect 佛靠一炷香 人靠一口气Present Buddha with borrowed flowers 借花献佛4 Different Historic Allusion There are some differences in historic allusion between Chinese and Western c
9、ulture.Pandoras box It not refer to a box,it means the root of disaster,trouble and evil.If we dont know the differences and translate directly,we will make a joke.And the readers will be puzzled.英语习语翻译 意译法IndexDefinition1Keys 2Definition Free translation is a skill in translation.Translators should
10、 first comprehend the original thoroughly,then translate it correctly by target language,and acceptability comprehend the original thoroughly is on the basis of extensive knowledge and excellent literature training.Keyse.g.The dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone.译文：对你说别人的坏话的人，也会说你的坏话 e.g.sm
11、ell a rat 译文：怀疑其中有诈 e.g.fight the cat and dog 译文：吵吵闹闹1 1It need not pay more attention to the form of the original and the details.keyse.g.a blessing in disguise 译文1：塞翁失马，焉知非福 译文2：祸中得福 e.g.two heads are better than one 译文1：三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮 译文2：一个不及两人智 2 2Free translation should accord with target languag
12、e culture and customs Keys e.g.Achilles heel 译文1：阿克勒斯的脚后跟 译文2：惟一致命的弱点e.g.laugh off ones head 译文1：笑掉大牙 （看笑话）译文2：笑的很夸张（beyond reasonable limits）3 3Extensive knowledge and culture of both source language and target languageLiteral translationDefinition:Literal translation,refers to translate a sentence
13、 originally,keep the original message form,including construction of sentences,meaning of the original words,metaphor of the original and so on.Literal translation in English idioms：vIt is estimated that there is about 70%translation use the literal approach.The majority of English idioms can be lit
14、erally translated.Examples of literal translation：Practice makes perfect.“熟能生巧”Strike while the iron is hot.“趁热打铁”All roads lead to Rome.“条条大路通罗马”Example is better than precept.“身教胜于言传”Every life has its roses and thorns.“人生道路上有鲜花也有荆棘”Attentions!vLiteral translation word for word translation.vBlind
15、pursuit of literal translation will lead to mistranslation.vDont be bound hand and foot by the source language syntax.vThe specific meaning of idioms is according to the idioms occasions,conditions and patterns.vComplement literal translation and free translation.习语的翻译注释法What is annotationThe classi
16、fication of annotationCONTENTSWhat is annotation Annotation is a kind of translation method being used when you are in the face of some idioms withliterary quotation so that you have to comment on its culture background for the sake of retaining the national feature and local character of the idioms
17、.Usually speaking,we use it in the following two ba-sic forms instead of using annotation alone:Literal translation+notes Free translation+notes annotationThe classification of annotationLiteral translation+notes Through literal translation,readers can catch the culture information easily,but it wil
18、l be difficult for t-hem to understand the deeply meaning of those id-ioms exactly without the help of notes.Therefore,literal translation with notes can not only provide you with literary quotation,resources and complementary material,it also enhances the idioms acceptability as well as its origina
19、l flavor.1.“难道这也是个痴丫头，又象颦儿来葬花难道这也是个痴丫头，又象颦儿来葬花不成不成?”因又自笑道：因又自笑道：“若真也葬花若真也葬花,可谓可谓东施效颦了；不但不为新奇了；不但不为新奇,而是更是可厌。而是更是可厌。”(红楼梦红楼梦)“Can this be another absurd maid come to bury flowers like Daiyu？”he wondered in some amusement.”If so,shes Dong Shi imitating Xi Shi,which isnt original but rather tiresome Do
20、ng Shi was a famous beauty in the ancient Kingdom of Yueh.Xi Shi was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her ways.Literal translation+notes2.鲍小姐鲍小姐秀色可餐秀色可餐，你看饱了不用吃，你看饱了不用吃饭了。饭了。(围城围城)Miss Baos beauty is such a feast to the eye,and you got your fill just looking at her and didnt have to eat.Literally,b
21、eautiful enough to be eaten.Literal translation+notes3.As American as apple pie.像苹果派一样是典型美国式的。像苹果派一样是典型美国式的。(注：苹果馅饼是美国人喜欢注：苹果馅饼是美国人喜欢的甜品之一，据说是美国人发的甜品之一，据说是美国人发明的，因此这个短语用来强调明的，因此这个短语用来强调某种东西是真正美国式的。某种东西是真正美国式的。)Literal translation+notesFree translation+notes Sometimes it is not so effective to convey
22、 the cultural identity of some idioms that it is necessary to add notes on annotation.1.心较比干多一窍心较比干多一窍,病如西子胜三分病如西子胜三分。(红楼梦红楼梦)She looked more sensitive than Bi Gan1,more delicate than Xi Shi2.1A prince noted for his great intelligence at the end of the Shang Dynasty.2A famous beauty of the ancient k
23、ingdom of Yueh.Free translation+notes 2.The team met its Waterloo in the final.该球队在决赛中惨遭失该球队在决赛中惨遭失败。败。（注（注:Waterloo滑滑铁卢铁卢,比利时城镇比利时城镇,1815年拿破仑的军队在此惨年拿破仑的军队在此惨遭失败。遭失败。)Free translation+notes 3.Its like robbing Peter to pay Paul.(Fargo)借债还债，相近的还有拆借债还债，相近的还有拆东墙补西墙，剜肉补疮等。（注东墙补西墙，剜肉补疮等。（注:Peter和和Paul都是耶稣
24、的使徒都是耶稣的使徒,16世纪时英国世纪时英国威士敏斯特教区尊奉彼得为保护神威士敏斯特教区尊奉彼得为保护神,而而伦敦教区尊奉保罗为保护圣徒。伦敦教区尊奉保罗为保护圣徒。1550年威士敏斯特教区并入伦敦教区，原圣年威士敏斯特教区并入伦敦教区，原圣彼得教堂的许多财物被拨归圣保罗大教彼得教堂的许多财物被拨归圣保罗大教堂作修缮使用。这一做法当时人们用堂作修缮使用。这一做法当时人们用rob Peter to pay Paul一语来形容一语来形容,后后人们用该语来比喻人们用该语来比喻“借债还债借债还债”）。）。Free translation+notes还原法还原法（Reduction method）Co
25、llege of Computer ScienceGong Wenqin计算机学院计算机学院龚文琴龚文琴还原法还原法(Reduction method)Definition：Actually,“Reduction method”is an unusual translation method when traditional translation method is useless.The“Reduction method”use a method which diluted the original language by means of color to exchange betwee
26、n languages.In English,many idioms with unique and vivid metaphor,historical allusions,structural rhetorical should only use“reduction method”to be translated.For example1、have an ax to grind(别有用心别有用心)The literal meaning of this idiom and image translation can hardly be understood by Chinese people.
27、The literal translation of this phrase should be“有一把斧子要磨有一把斧子要磨.But later,this language will gradually switch to as 心怀叵测，别有用心心怀叵测，别有用心.2、Their marriage is on the rocks.This can not be understood in its literal meaning and be translated into“他们的婚姻在岩石上他们的婚姻在岩石上”。In fact,“on the rocks”is an idiom to ex
28、press the brink of marriage on the rocks or business bankruptcy.3、We really need someone to break the ice.This can not be understood in its literal meaning and be translated into“我们的确需要一个人来砸破冰我们的确需要一个人来砸破冰”。In fact,“break the ice”is an idiom to express on the beginning of the initial encounter or ga
29、thering to do something to cancel or mitigate the situation or the tension,and its so-called打破僵局打破僵局.4、armed to the teethAlthough similar in Chinese idiom,全全副武装副武装 but 武装到牙齿武装到牙齿 is more vivid.5、Kill two birds with one stoneWhile there are two idioms 一一箭双雕箭双雕 and 一举两得一举两得“which is same with the core
30、 meaning of the Chinese meaning,but 一石一石二鸟二鸟,the translation is refreshing and enriching the Chinese idiom.FurthermoreThere are some commonly used Chinese idioms from English.This type of translation is only to revert to the original English idioms,and this translation is known as reduction method.F
31、or instance1、他只好硬着头皮，装出也不在乎的态度，实、他只好硬着头皮，装出也不在乎的态度，实际上是勉勉强强地给她牵着鼻子走。（周而复：际上是勉勉强强地给她牵着鼻子走。（周而复：上海的早晨上海的早晨）He had no alternative but to brazen it out and pretend that he did not care,either,though the fact of the matter was that he was being reluctantly led by the nose.“牵着鼻子走牵着鼻子走”is a literal transla
32、tion from the foreign language,now reduced to as long as“led by the nose”.2、原来被捕的同志全押在这里，像沙丁鱼罐头、原来被捕的同志全押在这里，像沙丁鱼罐头一样，挤得紧紧的。（曲波：一样，挤得紧紧的。（曲波：林海雪原林海雪原）Here the captured comrades were jammed together like sardines.“像沙丁鱼罐头一样，挤得紧紧的像沙丁鱼罐头一样，挤得紧紧的”means“挤得像罐头沙丁鱼挤得像罐头沙丁鱼”.This idiom is also a literal trans
33、lation from English,and here it reverted to“jammed together like sardines”（=packed like sardines）。）。Shool of Management Shool of Management Wenguang ZhongWenguang ZhongIdioms Idioms translationtranslationBorrowing translationBorrowing translationfeelings about objectivity emotionssocial experiencesc
34、rossing point between English and Chinese idiomsBorrowing translation can be Borrowing translation can be used.used.literal meaningsliteral meaningsliteral meaningsliteral meanings、figurative figurative figurative figurative meaningsmeaningsmeaningsmeanings、implied meaningsimplied meaningsimplied me
35、aningsimplied meanings picturesque metaphorspicturesque metaphorspicturesque metaphorspicturesque metaphors and and and and rhetoric devicesrhetoric devicesrhetoric devicesrhetoric devicesTwo dogs strive for a bone and the Two dogs strive for a bone and the third runs away with it.third runs away wi
36、th it.两条狗争抢一块骨头，却被另两条狗争抢一块骨头，却被另外一条狗抢走了。外一条狗抢走了。To put the boot on the wrong leg.靴子穿错了腿。张冠李戴鹤蚌相争，渔翁得利。To pay back in his own coin.To pay back in his own coin.以子之矛，攻子之盾以子之矛，攻子之盾CoinweaponCoinweapon（矛（矛/盾）盾）The early bird catches the worm.The early bird catches the worm.捷足先登捷足先登BirdpeopleBirdpeopleYea
37、h,it was real Yeah,it was real neck and neck neck and neck there for a while.there for a while.平分秋色平分秋色Yeah,it was real Yeah,it was real neck and neck neck and neck there for a while.there for a while.半斤八两半斤八两 增译法AmplificationAmplificationAmplificationAmplificationDefinitionDefinitionAmplification,A
38、mplification,also also called called addition,addition,means means supplying supplying necessary necessary words words in in the the translation translation on on the the basis basis of of accurate accurate comprehension of the prehension of the original.Many Many idiomatic idiomatic expressions exp
39、ressions that that are are well understood in the country of theirwell understood in the country of theirAmplificationAmplificationorigin origin can can hardly hardly make make sense sense to to the the people from a different country.people from a different country.Therefore,Therefore,it it is is n
40、ecessary necessary for for a a translator translator to to alter alter the the original original pattern pattern through through adding adding some some words words in in the the translation.translation.DefinitionDefinitionAmplificationAmplificationExamplesExamplesThey have,by this very act,opened a
41、 Pandora s box.English正正是是他他们们的的这这种种做做法法，打打开开了了希希腊腊神神话话中中潘潘朵朵拉拉的的盒盒子子，造造成成了了混乱和不幸。混乱和不幸。ChineseAmplificationAmplificationMake hay while the sun shines.English 趁着天晴晒干草，勿失时机勿失时机。Chinese ExamplesExamplesAmplificationAmplification“You have strength,”he could hear her saying,“but it is untutored strength
42、.”“Like a bull in a china shop”,he suggested,and won a smile.(Jack London)English“你有的是力量，”他听见她说，“可是那是未经驯化的力量。”“像一头闯进瓷器店的公牛，一动就会闯祸”。他这么说着，赢得对方莞尔一笑。Chinese ExamplesExamplesAmplificationAmplificationHe works in the Old Lady of Thread-needle Street.English 他在绰号叫“穿线街老太太”的英格兰银行工作。Chinese ExamplesExamplesA
43、mplificationAmplificationGreat men are not always wise.译1：伟人也不是总聪明。译译2 2：智智者者千千虑虑，必有一失。必有一失。ExamplesExamplesAmplificationAmplificationHe who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.译1：与狼相伴，会学狼叫。译2：近近朱朱者者赤赤，近墨者黑近墨者黑。ExamplesExamplesThe Points for Attention in the Translation of English Idioms
44、Idiom translation is rather complicated.There are two points which should merit our attention in translation practice.1 Avoiding word-for word translation As we know,idioms have the feature of semantic unity and we cannot deduce the meaning from the component part of an idiom,thus a word-for-word tr
45、anslation may lead to the distortion of the original message.For example,a word-for-word translation for“free living”may be“自由生活”,but it actually means“奢侈的生活”.“He has the legs of me”can not be translated into“他有我的腿”,but“他比我跑得快”.“Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market”does not mean“昨晚我听见他把
46、猪赶进市场”,but“昨晚我听见他鼾声如雷”.2 Avoiding indiscriminate substitution of the original idiom with a Chinese idiom which is highly culture-bound.Since idioms best reflect the special features of a nation or a culture,we should not exchange for another in the target language an idiom with distinctive national
47、and local flavor.Such an idiom may be associated with some specific situations of a nation such as history,economy,culture,life,customs,natural environment etc.In translating these idioms,we should take full account of cultural differences and national flavors,and oppose a blind substitution with a
48、highly culture-bound Chinese idiom.Otherwise our translation will bring about the loss of the original images and causes cultural confusions and incorrect associations.For example:“to carry coals to Newcastle”should not be translated into“带着瓷器上浮梁”,because 浮梁is a place where china was produced in anc
49、ient China,it actually means“运煤炭到纽卡斯尔去-多此一举”.For the same reason,“Do not teach your grandmother to suck eggs”can not be translated into“不要关公面前耍大刀”but“能人面前莫逞能”.Culture-loaded words in the idioms1.my uncle is a hen-pecked husband 我叔叔是个妻管严。a hen party只有女性参加的告别单身晚会old hen 老婆子 one chick keeps a hen busy
50、谚一只小鸡也得母鸡照顾（意指一个孩子也叫娘不省心）2.Rats desert a falling horse.树倒猢狲散 a rat leaving a sinking ship 不能共患难的人smell a rat 怀疑其中有诈like a drowned rat 像落汤鸡like a rat in the hole 瓮中之鳖 as quiet as a rat 鸦雀无声 3.she is a cat 她是个包藏祸心的女人 regal as a lion 庄严 a lion 名流、社交场合的宠儿 big fish 大亨 fresh fish 新囚犯 puppy-love 初恋4.Leave