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1、专题十三补全阅读（七选五）高考英语（浙江专用）高考英语（浙江专用）1.主旨句的解题技巧主旨句是七选五阅读理解主要题型之一。主旨句的位置常常在句首,有时会是单独的一行。如果是单独一行的,一般是主旨句。如果是在段首,有可能是主旨句,也有可能是过渡句。解题时,要注意以下几点:(1)认真理解,准确归纳相关段落的中心思想和主要内容,然后再根据所提供的选项确定符合的一项。(2)借助高频词。如果所提供的选项的句子有一个含有本段内容的高频词,则很可能就是主旨句。此处所指的高频词包括同义词、近义词等。当然,高频词只是判断的一个特征,切不可只要看到选项中有文章出现的词汇就选该句。句子的选择要以整个段落的内容为依据
2、。方法技巧方法技巧例例Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinreset-tingyourbodyclock.1Hereshowtomakeone.2Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyitsimportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebett
3、erpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,con-siderre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreak-fastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbag
4、s.3Thatsaquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.IfyouretiredoutbyFri-daynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensat-ingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.4Keeparecordandevalua
5、teitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryouvetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.5Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,k
6、eepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.【解题指导】本文第二题是主旨句填空。本文的主要内容是论述如何根据生物钟给自己制订一个好的睡眠计划。首先根据文章的结构可以看出,对比第三、四、五自然段的形式可知,此处是一个标题型的主旨句。然后阅读该段落内容可知,本段内容是介绍对睡眠计划作出调整的一些动机,如早起和家人一起吃早饭、锻炼身体、为新的一天做更好的准备等。所以,选项B的内容和本段的主要内容相符,因此是
7、本段的主旨句,意思是“找到正确的动机”。2.过渡句的解题技巧过渡句一般指对两个段落之间内容进行语义和语法合理过渡的句子。判断过渡句时要注意:(1)过渡句经常会在段首或段尾。但是在段尾或段首的句子不一定是过渡句。有时候段尾会是总结句,有时会是细节句。而在段首有时会是主旨句,有时会是细节句。当然,过渡句也可能是在段落中间,对相关的内容进行串联。(2)是否是过渡句要取决于设空处前后的语义关系和所提供的选项的内容。因此,在选择时,首先要对两段的内容有充分的认知,并确定选择项句子的语义是否能够串联这两段相关的信息。(3)过渡句有时和两段都有关系,有时和上段关系密切,此时一般在段尾。有时和下段关系密切,此
8、时在段首。例例IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncom-fortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.1Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapi-oneer.2W
9、esleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctorsbillformysonsfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.3Instead,
10、wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.4Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetraile
11、revenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.5Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.Thistimetherewasnotent.B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainl
12、ycometoenjoycamping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.【解题指导】本文第一空是过渡句。本文第一段中,作者强烈表达了对野营的不喜欢。而第二段则是描述作者开始参加野营的情况。因此,可以知道两段之间是对比关系。再看D选项中不仅有转折副词howev-er,而且语义符合对上下两段的转折,起到了非常好的串联作用,因此选D。3.利用语义一致选择细节句细节句是文章补全阅读的最重要的题型。其核心就是选择一个和本空前后意
13、群内容相符的句子。正确选择细节句,最主要的是要看懂相关句子的上下文,然后从所提供的选项中选择一个语义一致的句子。在细节句的选择上,除了深层的语义一致性原则,还可以关注所提供的选项中和该空上下文是否有复现词,或同义词、近义词等。这些都是细节句选择的信息要素。例例Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyouretry-ingtogetworkdone.1,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Letstakealookatthemnow.2.Tellthepersonyouresorryandexplain
14、thatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyoullfindthemthen.3.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,dontdoitinyourownoffice.4,itsmucheasiertoe
15、xcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.5.Ifsomeoneknocksanditsnotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyourebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thatwhenthedoorisclosed,yourenottobedisturbed
16、.A.Ifyourebusy,dontfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesD.IfyoureintheotherpersonsofficeorinapublicareaE.ItsimportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyoullbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshortwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyoureavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyourenot【解题指导】本文第一题就是细节句。本文的主要内容是介绍在工作中避免干扰的方法。根据语境可知,正确答案为B项。首先,该句与上下句语义一致。上句语义是:当你正在做工作时是被干扰最头疼的事情。而本句的语义是:当你想在工作中避免受到干扰时。两句语义关系很紧密。其次,该句在句中,符合细节句的特点。同时,该空后面是逗号,表示该空是句子的一部分,应该和后面的句子有直接的关系。第三,该句中有前句的核心词interruptions复现,也是细节句的重要标志。