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1、2023 年留学英语考试考前冲刺卷（3）本卷共分为 1 大题 50 小题，作答时间为 180 分钟，总分 100分，60 分及格。一、单项选择题（共 50 题，每题 2 分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.Nylon was _the human-made fibers.Athe first of which Bwhat the first of Cit the first of Dthe first of 2.Although scientists have_long the human appendix as_organ,there is a growing body of evi
2、dence indicating that the appendix does in fact have a significant function as a part of the bodys immune system.A(A)overestimated a minor B(B)discounted a vestigial C(C)valued a major D(D)ignored a pivotal E(E)studied an inaccessible 3.FILIBUSTER:POSTPONE:A(A)spend:gamble B(B)hoax:dupe C(C)wheel:va
3、unt D(D)entice:attract E(E)malign:criticize 4.Even if the public ate up every_detail about their leaders,that same public grew offended that the news media would actually pander to their baser impulses.A(A)mesmeric B(B)lofty C(C)supine D(D)resonant E(E)lubricious 5.The teacher has_catering to some s
4、tudents,but to retain his tenure,which effects only after a teacher has unanimously gratified his students,he offers his complaints_.A(A)a hesitancy about carelessly B(B)an aptitude for sparingly C(C)a repugnance toward tactfully D(D)an enthusiasm about zealously E(E)a blitheness about carefully 6.P
5、ROTEAN:IMMUTABLE:A(A)incipient:inchoate B(B)slovenly:dapper C(C)articulate:eloquent D(D)vitiated:passive E(E)pious:agnostic 7.SCORNFUL:SNEER:A(A)saturnine:groan B(B)distressed:rejoice C(C)provoked:wink D(D)embarrassed:blush E(E)bewildered:wail 8.The monarch and his followers thought of the court as_
6、how the kingdom ought to be,the harmonious expression of a larger social order centred on the monarch.A(A)a miscalculation of B(B)irrelevant to C(C)a microcosm of D(D)recognizable as E(E)isometric to 9.SCRIBBLE:DRAW:A(A)imply:suggest B(B)quibble:evade C(C)harmonize:play D(D)chisel:engrave E(E)babble
7、:speak 10.PERORATION:SPEECH:A(A)epic:strophe B(B)luminance:umbrage C(C)epilogue:novel D(D)rhythm:poem E(E)image:picture 11.The primary impulse of each human being is to_himself,but the secondary impulse is to venture out of the self,to correct its provincialism and heal its loneliness.A(A)sully B(B)
8、actualize C(C)reject D(D)declare E(E)withdraw 12.BUMPER:DAMAGING:A(A)ballast:foundering B(B)scale:comparing C(C)buoy:navigating D(D)drill:extracting E(E)hoist:cantilevering 13.It is difficult to conceive how,even for those people well disposed to rule themselves,the attempt to achieve happiness shou
9、ld be rendered so_by one single curse,that of a bad form of government.A(A)laudatory B(B)ineffectual C(C)corrupt D(D)disorganized E(E)ill-tempered 14.AGENDA:MEETING:A(A)chart:destination B(B)choreography:dance C(C)verdict:jury D(D)entremets:course E(E)prescription:component 15.Current estimates put
10、thirteen percent of global flora at risk of extinction,but this number does not include_plants from tropical regions,where the majority of the worlds plants grow.A(A)apocryphal B(B)deciduous C(C)rare D(D)innumerable E(E)vanished 16.It can be inferred from the passage that the author mentions the cas
11、e of Holland and the Netherlands in order to A(A)cite the case of a primitive or barbaric nation being distinguished from a civilized nation B(B)provide an example of a state whose borders do not perfectly coincide with those of a nation C(C)offer an example of the characteristics of a nation being
12、applied to a particular area of the nation D(D)present a case of a single region being treated by historiographers as representative of an entire nation E(E)describe the case of a nation whose cultural and political identities distinguish it from a contiguous state 17.RECANT:A(A)reply B(B)affirm C(C
13、)divulge D(D)direct E(E)suggest 18.ENDEMIC:A(A)apparent B(B)curable C(C)superficial D(D)alien E(E)intermittent 19.According to the passage,infralimbic neurons fire to the tone only when rats are recalling extinction on the following day(lines 7-9)for which of the following reasons A(A)Extinction has
14、 not been proven to erase the memory of fear conditioning in rats.B(B)The extinction response requires a number of days to develop.C(C)The subjects original fear response was not conditioned to a tone.D(D)The infralimbic cortices carry the memory of fear extinction.E(E)Rats that show the least fear
15、demonstrate the greatest increase in infralimbic tone responses.20.The author of the passage puts the word savage and barbarian(lines 9-10)in quotation marks most probably in order to A(A)signal his reservations about the way these terms have been used to define geography through human categories B(
16、B)draw attention to the discrepancies between the way historiographers treat the supra-national and sub-national levels C(C)emphasize historiographys unique tendency to rely upon social categories to draw geographic distinctions D(D)question the notion of the spatial marker itself by asserting the g
17、eneral ambiguity of these terms E(E)argue for the replacement of these terms by historiographers with more politically correct substitutes 21.ESTRANGEMENT:A(A)ongoing discussion B(B)disguise C(C)commotion D(D)reconciliation E(E)solace 22.According to the passage,behavioral psychologists studying the
18、 extinction process have discerned which of the following A(A)The exact length of time required for a fear response to become extinct in a human subject B(B)The effect of tone conditioning in comparison with other forms of stimuli C(C)The possible effects of surgical operations on the infralimbic co
19、rtice D(D)The potential of tone conditioning in treating undesirable fear responses E(E)The limits of Pavlovs contribution to modern behavioral psychology 23.QUANDARY:A(A)concealed hostility B(B)certitude C(C)weak resistance D(D)slight panic E(E)senseless rage 24.In presenting his analysis,the autho
20、r does all of the following EXCEPT A(A)Provide specific examples of the problems in historiography B (B)Describe some of the criteria employed in determining what makes a nation C(C)Question the adequacy of the historiographers present interpretation of spatial categories D (D)Propose solutions to s
21、ome the problems in historiography E(E)Make general statements without reference to specific examples 25.BANALITY:A(A)creative statement B(B)complex analysis C(C)unprepared declaration D(D)pithy explanation E(E)precise representation 26.CARDINAL:A(A)indefinable B(B)diminutive C(C)understated D(D)inc
22、onsequential E(E)intangible 27.Which of the following most accurately describes the passage A(A)A description of a replicable experiment B(B)A summary report of new findings C(C)A recommendation for pursuing a new area of research D(D)A refutation of an earlier hypothesis E(E)A confirmation of an ea
23、rlier research 28.REDOUBTABLE:A(A)mediocre B(B)permanent C(C)lucid D(D)unavoidable E(E)predictable 29.The author of the passage suggests that historiographers should view history primarily as A(A)a political conflict over spatial boundaries which can only be resolved through the input of historiogra
24、phers B(B)a chorus of conflicting voices whose dissonances cannot be resolved,but to which historiographers must listen C(C)a field that complicates the assignment of geographic boundaries to the extent that such boundaries can never be resolved D(D)a conflict between nations whose sovereignty histo
25、riographers have the duty to assess E(E)a history of conflicts over spatial demarcation which are ultimately irrelevant to the truth of history 30.ADULATION:A(A)camouflage B(B)defense C(C)purification D(D)cessation E(E)vituperation 31.IMPUDENT:A(A)thoughtful B(B)convincing C(C)developed D(D)methodic
26、al E(E)deferential 32.Which of the following best states the main point of the passage A(A)The approach to the problem of spatial boundaries is plagued by a number of problems that historiographers are obliged to confront.B(B)Historiographers can benefit from studying the traditional geography of na
27、tions in greater depth.C(C)Historiographers should try to refrain from solving the practical issues that arise in the resolution of spatial boundary issues.D(D)The categorization and demarcations of geography at the national level is more complicated than that of the sub-national or supra-national l
28、evel.E(E)The spatial demarcation of nations is the most complicated issue in contemporary historiography.33.The author mentions all of the following as examples of complications arising from the application of spatial markers EXCEPT A(A)An area of a country smaller than the nation considers itself t
29、o be a nation.B(B)A boundary is demarcated around a nation which does not include the people of the nation.C(C)A continent is divided into two areas for implicit ideological purposes.D(D)Two nations dispute the exact geography of a border based on an ancient historical claim.E(E)The history of a nat
30、ion is erroneously conflated with the character of one particular region.34.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions A(A)What do historiographers consider to be the precise difference between a nation and a nation-state B(B)What concepts in the field of histori
31、ography are considered unambiguous C(C)Are tribal areas without national spatial markers ever represented as nations D(D)What is an example of a nation represented in supra-national units E(E)How does the establishment of national spatial boundaries produce political problems 35.LIGHT:COLOR:A(A)radi
32、ation:temperature B(B)celerity:span C(C)quality:quantity D(D)sound:pitch E(E)strength:stress 36.SPEAK:DRAWL:A(A)eat:sip B(B)run:canter C(C)lament:sigh D(D)gain:cover E(E)look:glance 37.The view that the yield of rice remains steady is by no means_,owing to the fact that yearly tempests overflowing A
33、sia influence it in_manner.A(A)uncertain a capricious B(B)uncontested a predictable C(C)unrealistic a catastrophic D(D)convincing a redundant E(E)infallible an erratic 38.Ancient people felt much_concerning the notion that the appearance of comets was inauspicious,but nevertheless exhibited_concerni
34、ng the proper reaction to the phenomenon.A(A)conviction apprehension B(B)apathy ignorance C(C)disparity discord D(D)consensus disagreement E(E)suspicion hesitancy 39.PICTURE:COLLAGE:A(A)commodity:trademark B(B)symbol:rebus C(C)software:calculator D(D)membership:badge E(E)close:instructions 40.CHURCH
35、:SANCTUARY:A(A)lounge:hotel B(B)porch:mansion C(C)stage:curtain D(D)cavern:mountain E(E)house:boudoir 41.A rhetorician who spends so much of his time studying the famous_of logic is more than likely to produce a few self-evident statements of his own.A(A)self-knots B(B)paradoxes C(C)twists D(D)tauto
36、logies E(E)platitudes 42.NADIR:ZENITH:A(A)observation:phenomenon B(B)travel:distance C(C)median:mean D(D)abyss:summit E(E)encomium:dismissal 43.Throughout the 1940s,the director Orson Welles was considered something of _in the motion picture industry,as famous for his highly_personality as his inimi
37、table cinematic genius.A(A)an enigma charismatic B(B)a revolutionary vapid C(C)a leader self-effacing D(D)a martinet imperious E(E)a prodigy prolific 44.PRECIPITATION:HAIL:A(A)bud:grass B(B)shark:minnow C(C)lecture:clamor D(D)storm:cyclone E(E)rain:height 45.LIZARD:REPTILE:A(A)daisy:daffodil B(B)pro
38、fessor:academy C(C)officer:army D(D)violet:flower E(E)chlorine:alcohol 46.OBSTACLE:IMPEDE:A(A)diary:reminisce B(B)blandishment:coax C(C)plan:economize D(D)request:imperil E(E)drama:perform 47.Smith is_,to the degree that he seldom disguises his contempt_towards activities.A(A)a firebrand religious B
39、(B)a dilettante convivial C(C)a philistine intellectual D(D)a misanthrope individualistic E(E)a plebian common 48.An enthusiast of sprightly music,Mendler surprised us all by proclaiming the final piece on the concert program,a lugubrious_as his favorite.A(A)aria B(B)dirge C(C)sonata D(D)jig E(E)ove
40、rture 49.DROLL:LAUGH:A(A)exclamatory:shriek B(B)blushful:stammer C(C)gruesome:quail D(D)sly:simper E(E)insipid:bore 50.Performing rote memory exercises rarely improves the_of any given subject,but_may nevertheless be useful to the student preparing for an examination.A(A)coherence exercises B(B)clarity heuristics C(C)comprehensibility mnemonics D(D)succinctness explication E(E)volubility summarization