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1、word 1/20 定语从句讲解和练习 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以与行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句与 there be 句型。一、限定性定语从句 1.that 即可代表事物也可代表人，which 代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which 在从句中作宾语如此不能省略。而且，如果 which 在从句中作“不与物动词介词的介词的宾语，注意介词不要
2、丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词 which 的前边，但有的如此放在它原来的位置 2.which 作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与 which 之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用which，但在带有如下词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all,anything,much 等，这时的 that 常被省略 4.who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom 作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.where 是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when 引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“time一词
3、的定语从句只用 when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towers,soap,toothbrush etc.7.whose 是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
4、8.当从句的逻辑主语是 some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything 或 nothing 时，常用 there is 来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他局部仍可成立 1.which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一局部 2.在引导限定性定语从句时，that 有时相当于 in which,at which,for which 或 at which word 2/20 e.g.Attitudes tow
5、ards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。e.g.I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。e.g.We arrived the day that(on which)they left.刚好我们到的那天他们走
6、了。3.有时 as 也可用作关系代词 4.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用 that，而用 who,whom 代表人，用 which 代表事物三、定语从句结构错误 1.缺关系词 2.从句中缺成分摘自简明英语语法在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources
7、 to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located.为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济开展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在
8、形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点，隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进展补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。例如：Earlier,the Babylonians had attempted to map the world,but they presented it word 3/20 in the form of a flattened disc rather than a
9、 sphere,which was the form adopted by Ptolemy.此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词 a sphere 进展补充、说明。更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。The combination of satellites,which transmit information,computers,which store information,and television,which displays information,will change every home into an education
10、and entertainment center.此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites，computers 和 television进展补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：The combination of satellites,computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center.卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。The sun heats
11、 the earth,which makes it possible for plants to grow.此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进展补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成一件事情。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The old man has a son,who is in the army.此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词 son进展补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是：这位老人只有一个儿子。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：The old man has a son who is in the army.那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词 son
12、进展限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了：这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作。那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。一、概念:He is the boy who often goes to school late.先行词关系词定语从句 二、原如此：a.定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先 行词。b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.word 4/20 三、扩大:She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.Mary is the girl whose parents work in
13、Japan.Is this the key which you are looking for?October 1,1949 is the day when New China was founded.This is the house where the great man was born.I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.四、如下定语从句只能用 that 来引导：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰 This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen.2.先行词为序数词所修饰 I
14、happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.3.先行词既包括人又包括物 They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.4.主句是 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
15、 Who is the man that came this morning?Which is the bag that you lost?5.先行词为 the only,the very,the last,the same 所修饰的定语从句 He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember.6.先行词是 everything,nothing,something,all,little,much,everybody 等不定代词 Tell us every
16、thing that you know,please.Is there anything that you dont understand?7.先行词被 all,every,no,some,any,little,much 修饰时 All that glitters is not gold.Ive read all the books that you gave me.word 5/20 五、“介词+关系词 与关系副词 when,where,why 1).The box is full of bottles.He is standing on the box.-The box on which
17、he is standing is full of bottles.The box where he is standing is full of bottles.2).This is the train.We work on the train.-This is the train on which we work.This is the train where we work.3).I know the reason.She did it for the reason.-I know the reason for which she did it.I know the reason why
18、 she did it.4).The man is our school master.You shook hands with the man just now.-The man with whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster.5).The pen is made in Shanghai.She is writing with the pen.-The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai.不能拆开的词组：look for/look after/catch hold of/take ca
19、re of/put on/take off.六、非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充，说明的作用，常用逗号分开。关系代词用 who(m),which，关系副词用 where,when.非限制性定语从句不能用 that 来引导.This was the American Civil War,which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.He was taken to another room,where he found a wounded boy,who was dying.七、as 作为关系代词，习惯上用于如下词组：the same.a
20、s such.as as.as，soas 1.Take as many books as you want.2.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.3.He read such books as will make him wiser.4.The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.As 用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型：as you know,as we have seen,as is known to all,as anybody can see,as wa
21、s expected,word 6/20 as we can imagine,as has been pointed out as 与 which 的用法区别：as 与 which 在非限制性定语从句中，都可指代整个主句，但 as 引导的从句可放在主句的句首,句中或句尾，而 which 引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾 As we have seen,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth,as we have seen.She was awarded
22、 a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honour.八、the sameas,the same that 的区别 This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.相似的事物 I am wearing the same coat that I wore yesterday.同一事物 九、定语从句和同位语从句的区别:定语从句相当于形容词作定语，对先行词加以限制或修饰，同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词加以补充或说明，连接词 that 在定语从句中充当某个成分，而 that 在同位语从句不充当句子
23、成分.The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy.定语从句 The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy.(同位语从句)The news that they had won came.十、关系代词 what 和 that,which 的区别:先比拟如下句子中的 what 和 that:He told us the things that he had seen.-He told us what he had seen.This is the words whi
24、ch I said.-This is what I said.可以看出 what 实际上等于是“the thing that(which),即“先行词+关系词.因此在句中如果已有先行词，如此不能用 what，而只能用 that(which)，如没有先行词，如此用 what。what 是一个没有先行词的关系词。定语从句练习 一.用适当的关系词填空：1.We are learning English,a language _ is used in many places in word 7/20 the world.2.Most Americans love Chinese food,_ is c
25、ooked in a different way from western food.3.This magazine belongs to the teacher _ teaches us history.4.Anyone _ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.5.Anyone _ has a cold should have a good rest.6.The house _ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.7.The medicine
26、 _ he bought is good for your health.8.He is the only person _ saw the accident yesterday.9.Tom is trying to read in the room _ the others are watching TV.10.We wont forget the day _the hero was killed.11.The student _ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.12.
27、The newspaper _ you are reading is two days old.13.Do you remember the time _ we got lost in the park?14.Ill never forget the time _ we spent together in the army camp.15.They are building a hospital on the street _ we used to live.16.The present _ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.17.
28、Happiness is one of the things _ money cannot buy.18.This is the hospital _ her mother works.19.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League.20.The house _ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.21.The man _ wife died last year has gone to Japan.22.Tell me the reason _ the American lady left.2
29、3.Do you know the boy _ was praised at the meeting?24.I know the girl _ the teacher praised yesterday.25.Allen is the girl _ I think will succeed in the test.26.Everything _ I know will be taught to the students.27.This is the best film _ I have ever seen.word 8/20 28.The manager walked toward the g
30、ate _ the workers are waiting.29.You cant go into this room _ they are having a meeting.30.I still remember the days _ we studied together.31.The picture _ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.32.Dont make the same mistake _ you did last time.33.He failed in the exam,_ surprised us all.34.
31、He did all _ was necessary to be done.35.Her parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.36.Tom,_ parents are poor workers,always goes hungry.二.用“介词+关系代词填空：1.Have you ever read the book _ _ there are many pictures?2.The man _ _ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.3.The library _ _ we ofte
32、n borrow books is very large.4.The gentleman _ _ you just spoke is our headmaster.5.This is the new bicycle _ _ I spent five hundred dollars.6.Here are the table tennis players,some _ _ are our old friends.7.The tool _ _ he is working is called a spade.8.China has hundreds of islands,the largest _ _
33、 is Taiwan.9.The school has 2600 students,two thirds _ _ are girls.10.Water is a liquid,the freezing point _ _ is 0C.11.Give me a piece of paper _ _ I can write the phone number.12.The boy built a telescope _ _ he could study the skies.三.选择填空：1.The village _ I once worked has changed a lot.A.which B
34、.where C.that D./2.China is a developing country,_ we all know.A.whom B.as C.that D.which word 9/20 3.He told me of the people and interesting things _ he had seen in America.A.which B.whom C.what D./4.Was it at a theater _ they met?A.where B.that C.which D.in which 5.The picture which has many flow
35、ers in is _ I like best.A.which B.that C.the one D.where 6.The knife _ he cut the bread is very sharp.A.with which B.with it C.with that D.which 7.It is you that _ wrong.A.is B.was C.are D.has been 8.He is one of the foreign experts who _ Chinese.A.knows B.know C.is known D.are known 9.In the old ho
36、use,Tom washed the ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for years.A.these B.those C.that D.which 10.Alice is the only one of the students in our school who _ Australia?A.has gone to B.has been to C.have gone to D.have been to 11.Pass me the book _ cover is red.A.which B.whose C.what D.that 12.Is
37、 this the hospital _ you visited the other day?A.which B.where C.in which D.at which 13.Is this factory _ you want to visit tomorrow?A.which B.that C.where D.the one 14.He has lost the key to the desk _ the papers are kept.A.which B.that C.in which D.in that 15.The mice built tunnels _ they can get
38、rice in the fields.word 10/20 A.which B.on which C.by which D.through which 16.Hell remember the days _ he spent with his pupils.A./B.where C.what D.in which 17.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 18.Is it in this house _ he was
39、 born?A.which B.where C.that D.in which 19.He is not _ a fool _.A.suchas he is looked B.suchas he looks C.asas he is looked D.soas he looks 20.Do you remember the village _ in 1978?A.where we went to B.where we went C.which we went D.that we went 21.Do you know the student _?A.whom I often talk B.wi
40、th who I often talk C.I often talk with D.that I often talk 22.He met my mother,from _ he got the news of my marriage.A.who B.whom C.which D.her 23.The man _ has gone to Beijing.A.whom I told you B.which I told you C.whom I told you about him D.I told you about 24.It is the third time that I _ here.
41、A.had been B.was C.have been D.will be 25.Have you visited the bridge _ the workers have just finished building _?A./B.whereit C.where/D./it 26.He lost the money _ he would pay for his education A.whom B.which C.of whom D.of which word 11/20 27.Youd better let the children read such books _ will mak
42、e them better and cleverer.A.which B.that C./D.as 28.It _ Jack and Mary who _ the broken chair the other day.A.isis repairing B.wererepaired C.are repair D.was repaired 29.It was in the hall _ we have dinner _ we held a party last night.A.where that B.that where C.where which D.which where 30.The wa
43、tch he _ went wrong again.A.had to be mended B.has mended C.had had mended D.had been mended 31._ I want badly is a new sports car.A.All that B.All what C.All which D.The thing what 32.A survey was carried out on the death rate of newly born babies in that region,_ were surprising.A.the results of i
44、t B.as results C.the results of which D.which results 33.He came back late,_ which time all the guests had already left.A.after B.by C.at D.during 34.Ive never been to Beijing,but its the place _.A.where Id like to visit B.I most want to visit C.in which Id like to visit D.that I want to visit it mo
45、st 35.Charlie Chaplin,_ was born in 1889,is one of the greatest actors _ the history of the cinema.A.thatin B.whoin C.thaton D.whoon 36.He often wrote to the writers _ he thought would help him to word 12/20 become a writer,too.A.whom B.who C.when D.because 37.The watch _ belongs to me.A.which it is
46、 on the table B.lying on the table C.is on the table D.lain on the table 38.This is the only work _ at the moment.A.which I can do B.that I can do it C.I can do D.what I can do 39.It was three years ago _ Mr.Smith came to Shanghai A.when B.since C.that D.until 40._ has helped to save the drowning gi
47、rl is worth praising.(1999)A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 41._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A.Which B.As C.That D.It 42.It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A.what that B.that.that C.what what D.that what 43._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer
48、 and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.(2000)A.What why B.That what C.What because D.Why that 44.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.(2000)A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 45.She found her calculator _ she lost it.A.where B.w
49、hen C.in which D.that word 13/20 46._ the boy said turned out to be true.A.Which B.All what C.What D.Where 47.This is _ the river was polluted.A.what B.how C.that D.whether 48.These books _ he read some were written by Lu Xun.A.which B.among which C.of which D.with which 49.The chemical works they p
50、aid a visit _ south of the town.A.stands to B.stand to C.to stands D.to stand to 50.In Shanghai many tall buildings have been put up _ there used to be poor old houses.A.that B.where C.which D.when 51.Greenland,_ island in the world,covers over two million square kilometers.(2000)A.it is the largest