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1、2021 届中国人民大学附属中学分校高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A There have been many great painters in the rich history of Chinese art.Here are four of the greatest painters from China.Li Cheng(919967,Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty)Li Chen
2、g contributed greatly to one of the golden ages of landscape paintings in world history.During his time,he was considered the best landscape painter ever.He is remembered especially for the winter landscapes he created and for simple compositions of tall,old evergreens set against a dry landscape.Se
3、veral of his paintings are in thin ink which gives them a foggy appearance.Fan Kuan(9901020,Song Dynasty)Fan Kuan began his career by modeling Li Chengs work but later created his own style,claiming that the only true teacher was nature.His finest workTravelers among Mountains and Streamsis a master
4、piece of landscape painting and many future artists turned to it for inspiration.Qi Baishi(1864-1957)One of the greatest contemporary Chinese painters,Qi Baishi is known for not being influenced by Western styles like most painters of his time.He can be considered as the last great traditional paint
5、er of China.He painted almost everything from insects to landscapes.He is regarded highly in Chinese art for the freshness that he brought to the familiar types of birds and flowers,insects and grass.Wu Guanzhong(19192010)Widely considered as the founder of modern Chinese painting,Wu Guanzhong has p
6、ainted various aspects of China,like its architecture,plants,animals,people and landscapes.Wu went on to combine Western and Chinese styles to create a unique form of modem art.In 1992,he became the first living Chinese artist whose work was exhibited at the British Museum.1.What do we know about Li
7、 Cheng?A.He loved landscape paintings.B.He copied many artists work.C.His work gained worldwide recognition.D.He was considered as Fan Kuans teacher.2.What is the main feature of Qi Baishis paintings?A.They have foggy appearances.B.They lack diversity in the theme.C.They come under Western influence
8、.D.They show advanced traditional painting skills.3.What did the four Chinese painters have in common?A.They were all modern painters.B.They all created landscape paintings.C.They were all impacted by Western art.D.They were all pioneers intraditional art history.B After almost an entire year of not
9、 going shopping and vacationing,you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your hearts desire.Now the most important question comes,what to do with the earnings?Should you fulfill dreams of the present,invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?Our elders
10、 always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness.One may be on a winning streak（连续成功）now，but it will not always be so.One will have days when there will be no sunshine but only rain.and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds.Save for those rainy days,they say.Do not spe
11、nd too much,live within a budget,refrain fromcredit no matter how small and save for the future.Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary,the lessons start.In fact,the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning
12、 how to best manage ones money.People often think like this-one day when I have enough money,I will travel the world.Then,once we do earn enough money,tomorrows plans start shadowing our present ones.However,is it wise to keep living for that future?Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in
13、-our 50s?How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?Good questions,arent they?1 say travel but don t let yourself run dry,treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities,and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future.Lif
14、e is for the living.so live it sensibly.4.Why do elders teach us to save money?A.Because there are more rainy days in life.B.Because no one can win streak.C.Because good days may end.D.Because money cant buy everything.5.What does the underlined phrase“refrain from mean in Paragraph 3?A.select from
15、B.hold back C.rely on D.prefer to 6.What can we infer from the passage?A.We should enjoy ourselves at the right time.B.We should wait to travel until we have enough money.C.We should live for the future no matter what.D.We should enjoy ourselves to the fullest when we have money.7.What is the main i
16、dea of the passage?A.Money is something but not everything.B.One should save for rainy days.C.Live in the moment before you live for the future.D.Live the present wisely for your life.C Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly:Einstein was a gen
17、ius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses were most of
18、ten white men,of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.Its said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen,or people of a different color1 or beliefthey were unack
19、nowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six,girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are“really,really smart.”Even worse,the study found thatgirls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities sa
20、id to be for children who are“really,really smart.”Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer:ly not.Heres the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication,were all positioned to see flashes of genius wh
21、erever they appear.And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),and simple good fortune,who are able to change the w
22、orld.”8.What does the author think of victors standards for joining the genius club?A.Theyre unfair.B.Theyre conservative.C.Theyre objective.D.Theyre strict.9.What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender diffe
23、rences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 10.Why are more geniuses known to the public?A.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors concepts.D.Changes in peoples social positions.11.What is the best title for the text
24、?A.Geniuses Think Alike B.Genius Takes Many Forms C.Genius and Intelligence D.Genius and Luck D As a basic food in the Asian diet，soybeans（大豆）have been used to make tofu and soy milk for hundreds of yearsBut now，they are also being turned into an alternative to plastic wrap William Chen，a professor
25、of foodscience and technology at Singapores Nanyang Technological University，invented the environmentallyfriendly food wrap Its made of cellulose（纤维素），a form of fiber，obtained from the waste generated by soy bean product producersThe beans are pressed tosqueeze out juice thats used to make tofu and
26、soy milkAnd whats left is usually thrown away，but Chen takes the waste and puts it through a fermentation（发酵）process，during which cellulose is produced Cellulosebased plastic wraps have been on the market for a few years，but Chen says that most are made from wood or corn，grown for that purposeBy con
27、trast，his wrap is made from a waste product，which doesnt compete with other crops for land and is more sustainable Chens technology could help to solve two problems at once：cutting plastic production and reducing the amount of food waste In Singapore，the amount of food waste generated every year cou
28、ld fill up 15，000 Olympicsized swimming pools，Chen says F&N，a soybased drinks producer，has partnered with Chens lab and provides the product，straight from the factoryThe company is conducting a study to assess whether the food wrap could complete commercially with conventional productsChen adds，The
29、soybased wrap costs almost nothing to makein the lab because the raw materials are free Commercial production would involve additional expenses，such as storage and quality control，however，we have not calculated those costs yet Chen hopes neighboring soyloving countries will be inspired bySingapore t
30、o adopt his innovationMy dream is that our technology，which is cheap and simple，will cut plastic and food waste and create a cleaner environment，Chen says 12.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A.The introduction to William Chen B.The process of producing soy milk C.The way to make soybased wr
31、ap D.The benefit of eating soy products 13.Whats the biggest difference of Chens wrap from other cellulosebased plastic wraps？A.It saves land for industry B.Its more easilybroken down C.It is made from the food waste D.It has been put into practice for many years 14.What will commercial production o
32、f the food wrap cause？A.A lack of competitiveness B.Poor quality of the wraps C.A shortage of raw material D.An increase in production costs 15.From which is the text probably taken？A.A personal diary B.A travel guide C.A book review D.A scientific magazine 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中
33、选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Has it occurred to you,that settling even the smallest of conflicts between you and your friend may become a battle?There is conflict in all relationships.We disagree over many things and that is not necessarily a bad thing.What matters is how we manage the conflict at han
34、d._16_Both parties need to walk away feeling like satisfied winners.Rule 1 Power Struggle.NOT!In every power struggle,both parties become opponents.When each person tries to exercise his/her governance over the other,the situation will end in a deadlock._17_Think cooperate,not compete!Rule 2 Respect
35、 Everyone deserves to be treated with respect even during an argument.If your friend calls you names and teases you,tell him or her to stop._18_Respect has to be earned and if you want people to respect you,do likewise.Rule 3_19_ When everyone is talking,who does the listening?Listen to understand,n
36、ot to reply.Do not be too quick to judge what you hear.Everyone should have the equal chance to voice their own opinions.Put forward your ideas and decide on the middle path.The whole idea is to solve the conflict through an open discussion in which everyone is encouraged to suggest as many ideas as
37、 possible.Rule 4Negotiate（谈判）Apply the art of negotiation.Does it sound like a clich（陈词滥调）?Absolutely not!After all,when negotiating it means someone wins and someone loses,right?Wrong!When negotiating,each side gives in a little for the sake of resolving the conflict.The Aftertaste of Win-win Being
38、 a teenager is not easy._20_We tend to impose our own ideas on others,hoping that others should be thinking the same.We often forget to think in others shoes.However,try thinking win-win,and this will fill your heart with positive thoughts and promote your confidence.Remember,solving a conflict is n
39、ot a tug-of-war（拔河）!A.Listen and brainstorm.B.Both parties need to adopt some rules in order to reach a win-win solution in a conflict.C.If your friend persists,walk away and tell him or her you do not want to continue.D.Be quiet while listening.E.Both will end up as losers.F.We think of ourselves m
40、ore than of others.G.We often think that“our way”is the best.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 One morning our new neighbor saw my grandfather planting two rare tree saplings(树苗）in our garden.And he also planted the same kind of tree saplin
41、gs in his garden.My grandfather gave_21_enough amount of water to his plants and didnt always give them full_22_while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and_23_them too well.My grandfathers plants were simple but looked good,_24_our neighbors plants were much fuller and greener.Normally,
42、in summer,we have strong thunderstorms called Kalboishakhi which can bring great damage to life and_25_.After a Kalboishakhi,my grandparents and I came out to_26_the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor was in his garden,too,but look_27_as his plants were uprooted.Our plants werent damaged and
43、were standing_28_on the ground,our neighbor was_29_to see this,and he came up to my grandfather and said with_30_,I actually looked after my plants better than you did for yours._31_,my trees came off from the roots,but yours didnt.How is this_32_?My grandfather smiled and said,You gave your plants
44、more attention and water,so they didnt have the_33_to work themselves for anything.I gave them just the ample amount of and manure(肥料），letting their_34_search for more;thus they went deeper and made their position stronger,That is why my plants_35_With an expression of deep_36_our neighbour nodded_3
45、7_It made me realize then that though my grandfather was_38_with me on many occasions even during our vacations with his dos and donts,I became aware that anything_39_got or can go off that much more easily and we will not_40_the hard work it takes earn those things.21.A.mainly B.nearly C.barely D.e
46、xactly 22.A.hope B.support C.time D.attention 23.A.dealt with B.looked after C.brought up D.waited on 24.A.and B.while C.so D.or 25.A.animals B.land C.environment D.possessions 26.A.predict B.analyze C.check D.confirm 27.A.tired B.upset C.bored D.ashamed 28.A.firm B.still C.bent D.abnormal 29.A.disa
47、ppointed B.relieved C.frightened D.surprised 30.A.anger B.sorrow C.embarrassment D.anxiety 31.A.Anyway B.However C.Otherwise D.Therefore 32.A.possible B.exciting C.alike D.suitable 33.A.reason B.need C.chance D.power 34.A.branches B.trunks C.leaves D.roots 35.A.survived B.twisted C.spread D.delayed
48、36.A.admiration B.doubt C.regret D.sadness 37.A.public B.peace C.approval D.turn 38.A.strict B.annoyed C.patient D.content 39.A.occasionally B.mistakenly C.secretly D.easily 40.A.understand B.accelerate C.oppose D.undertake 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A group of h
49、ighly endangered Yangtze finless porpoises(江豚)was recently seen in the Yangtze River in the area of Wuhan,Hubei province,_41._may be a result of Chinas 10-year ban on fishing in the river at the beginning of the year 2020,less interference(干扰)from human_42._(activity)or an increase in food availabil
50、ity.Recorded in a short video by a local resident,the rare appearance_43._(attract)attention online on the right day.The finless porpoise_44._the Baiji dolphin(Yangtze River dolphin),both members of the cetacea family and the only two aquatic mammals(水栖哺乳动物)in the river,were officially considered as