高考-重点词汇辨析.pdf

《高考-重点词汇辨析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考-重点词汇辨析.pdf（37页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。

1、高考高考-重点词汇辨析重点词汇辨析专升本常见词汇辨析总结专升本常见词汇辨析总结常见动词辨析：常见动词辨析：1.1.击，打：击，打：hit,beat,defeat,strikehit,beat,defeat,strike单单词词hithit 打中或对准某一点打中或对准某一点hit sb.on the headhit sb.on the head打打(一次击打一次击打)beabea 连续的敲击连续的敲击t tTheTherainingrainingisisbeating against thebeating against thewidow.widow.defdef 打打 败败 某某 人人 或或

2、集集 体体 WeWedefeateddefeatedthetheeateat(强调结果强调结果)ikeike 动（抽象意义）动（抽象意义）2.2.穿：穿：dress,put on,wear,have ondress,put on,wear,have on单单词词dredredressdress sb.+insb.+in；be be SheShewaswasdresseddressedininssssdressed indressed inred.red.含义含义例句例句enemy.enemy.beauty.beauty.strstr 用木棒石头等打；用木棒石头等打；打打 I was struc

3、k by herI was struck by her含义含义例句例句putput穿上，强调动作穿上，强调动作PutPut onon youryour coatcoat whenwhenononr r状态状态you go out.you go out.watch.watch.weawea穿着，带着，强调穿着，带着，强调 HeHeseldomseldomwearswearsa a佩戴首饰、佩戴首饰、眼镜等眼镜等havhav强调状态，强调状态，一般不一般不 HeHealwaysalwayshashasdarkdarke e onon 用用现现在在分分词词和和被被 glasses on.glasse

4、s on.3.3.适合：适合：suit,match,fitsuit,match,fit单单词词suisui花花色色、款款式式适适 ThisThis dressdress doesntdoesnt suitsuitt t合，或与气质、合，或与气质、me.me.HaveHave youyou gotgot anotheranother身材等相称身材等相称chch相符相符style?style?doesnt match that ofdoesnt match that ofthe tie.the tie.fitfitfitfit尺寸、尺寸、大小、大小、TheThe keykey doesntdoes

5、nt fitfit thethe形状合适形状合适lock.lock.含义含义例句例句动语态动语态matmat搭配合适，搭配合适，性质性质 The color of the shirtThe color of the shirt4.4.花费：花费：take,spend,cost,paytake,spend,cost,pay单单词词taktakItIte etakestakes ItIt tooktook meme 1515 minutesminutesdodo to finish this job.to finish this job.sb.+time+tosb.+time+to要时间要时间sp

6、espeSb.spend(s)Sb.spend(s)t tdoing sth.doing sth.I I spentspent 1515 minutesminutesndnd+time/money+(in)+time/money+(in)doing this work.doing this work.coscossth.sth.cost(s)cost(s)This book cost me 8This book cost me 8this book.this book.含义含义例句例句sth.sth.做做 某某 事事 需需+sb.+money+sb.+money某某 物物 dollars.do

7、llars.花费了某人钱花费了某人钱+money+forsth.+money+forsth.paypaypaypaysb.sb.pay(s)pay(s)I paid 8 dollars forI paid 8 dollars for5.5.参加参加:attend,attend,join,join,joinjoin in,in,taketake partpart in,in,enter forenter for单词单词含义含义上课、听报告等上课、听报告等例句例句attendattend 参加婚礼、会议、参加婚礼、会议、attend a meetingattend a meetingjoinjoi

8、n=become a member=become a member joinjoin或组织或组织joinjoinininthetheofof 加入某个团体加入某个团体 students unionstudents unionjoinjoininintaketakepartpartinin参加某项活动参加某项活动thethetaketakediscussiondiscussionpart inpart in参加群众性活动，参加群众性活动，taketake partpart insocialinsocial强强调调在在该该项项活活动动 activitiesactivities中中发发挥挥了了一一定

9、定作作用用enterenter报报名名参参加加某某项项比比 enter for the raceenter for the raceforfor6.6.毁坏：毁坏：damage/destroy/ruindamage/destroy/ruin单词单词含义含义e eoyoy外表损坏外表损坏复复例句例句in the heavy rain.in the heavy rain.bigbigfirefirethethedestroyeddestroyedlittle town.little town.ruinruin逐渐毁掉，逐渐毁掉，常含比常含比 MyMybreakfastbreakfastwaswas

10、赛或考试赛或考试damagdamag 价值、价值、用途降低或用途降低或 MyMy househouse waswas damageddamageddestrdestr 彻底毁坏，彻底毁坏，很难修很难修 TheThe喻的隐含意义喻的隐含意义ruinedruined byby whatwhat youyousaid.said.7.7.发现：发现：find,find out,discover,inventfind,find out,discover,invent单词单词含义含义例句例句key.key.findfind经经过过研研究究或或询询问问 I I willwill findfind outou

11、t whatwhatoutout查明某事或真相查明某事或真相happened.happened.discdisc偶偶然然或或经经过过努努力力 TheThe scientistsscientists cancanoverover发发现现原原来来存存在在但但 discoverdiscover不为人所不为人所 知的事知的事 secretssecrets物物ntnt8.8.改变：改变：change,alter,vary,turnchange,alter,vary,turn单词单词 含义含义chacha例句例句事物事物universe.universe.EdisonEdisoninventedinven

12、ted thethe lightlightbulb.bulb.inveinve运运用用智智慧慧发发明明新新 ThomasThomasofofmoremorethethefindfind侧重发现的结果侧重发现的结果HeHe finallyfinally foundfound hishis翻天覆地大变化，翻天覆地大变化，变变 I have changed myI have changed myngenge得与原物完全不同得与原物完全不同mind.mind.altalterervarvary yturturn n9 9 得到得到:achieve,acquire,gain,obtain:achieve

13、,acquire,gain,obtain单词单词 含义含义eveeve难后达到难后达到 目标目标acquacqu 经经过过努努力力获获得得的的 acquire a bad habitacquire a bad habitireire知识、技术等抽象知识、技术等抽象东西，或养成习惯东西，或养成习惯等等gaingain 通过竞争或战争，通过竞争或战争，No pains,no gains.No pains,no gains.历历尽尽艰艰幸幸获获得得有有价值的东西价值的东西例句例句局部的、外表的变局部的、外表的变ThisThisdressdressneedneed化，本质不变化，本质不变alterin

14、g a little.altering a little.一系列变化，一系列变化，强调种强调种 CustomsCustoms varyvary withwith类多样，连续变化类多样，连续变化the times.the times.变成，变成，强调变化的结强调变化的结 InInthisthiscartooncartoon果果fairyfairyfrog.frog.tale,tale,a aprinceprince turnsturns intointo a aachiachi 由于努力，克服困由于努力，克服困 Achieve ones goalAchieve ones goalobtaobta

15、 通通过过乞乞求求或或长长时时 obtain employmentobtain employmentinin10.10.要求：要求：request,require,demandrequest,require,demand单单词词reqreq有礼貌的请求；有礼貌的请求；正正 ManyManyuesues式的请求式的请求t trequestedrequestedsong.song.peoplepeopleanotheranother含义含义例句例句间间付付出出代代价价得得到到渴望的东西渴望的东西reqreq要要求求所所必必需需的的东东 AllAllpassengerspassengersarear

16、euiruir西；法律、协议、西；法律、协议、requiredrequiredtotoshowshowe e规规章章以以及及其其他他客客 their tickets.their tickets.观情况的要求观情况的要求higher wages.higher wages.demdem主观要求，主观要求，坚决或坚决或 TheyTheyarearedemandingdemandingandand强强 烈要求烈要求单单词词reqreqrequestrequest sb.sb.toto dodo sth.sth.requestrequest thatthat sb.sb.uesuesshould do

17、sth.should do sth.用法用法t treqreqrequirerequire sb.sb.toto dodo sth.sth.requirerequire thatthat sb.sb.uiruirshould do sth.should do sth.e edemdemdemanddemand toto dodo sth.sth.demanddemand thatthat sb.sb.andandshould do sth.should do sth.11.separate,divide11.separate,divide单词单词 含义含义用法用法require doing=r

18、equire to be donerequire doing=require to be donesepasepa 把从中分离出来把从中分离出来separateseparateraterate(把把原原来来是是一一个个整整体体 fromfrom的，的，或靠近的东西分或靠近的东西分离出来离出来)dividivi 把分成把分成 (把一个把一个 dividedivideintointodede12.12.发生发生:take place,happen,occur,come:take place,happen,occur,comeabout,break outabout,break out单词单词含义含

19、义例句例句整体分成若干部分）整体分成若干部分）taketake按照安排，按照安排，有计划有计划 TheThe OlympicOlympic GamesGames ofofplaceplace 地发生、举行地发生、举行2008 took place in2008 took place inBeijing.Beijing.happehappe 偶然或突发事件偶然或突发事件I happened to see aI happened to see an n的发生的发生car accident.car accident.thatthatcomecome事事情情已已经经发发生生,I donI dont k

20、now whatt know whataboutabout 但但不不知知道道原原因因,have come about.have come about.多用于否定和疑多用于否定和疑问问breakbreak 战争、战争、疾病、疾病、灾难灾难 A Afirefirebrokebrokeoutoutoutout14.14.建议：建议：advise,suggest,persuadeadvise,suggest,persuade单词单词含义含义advisadvis 建议建议,劝告劝告e e用法用法advise sb.to do sth.advise sb.to do sth.advise doing st

21、h.advise doing sth.adviseadvisethatthatsb.sb.(should)do sth.(should)do sth.等的突然爆发等的突然爆发last night while welast night while wewere sleeping.were sleeping.occuroccur 发生发生,突然想到突然想到ItItoccursoccurstotomemeadviseadvisepersuadepersuadesuggesugge 建议建议stst=trytrytotosuggest to sb.suggestsuggest to sb.sugges

22、tdoing sth.doing sth.suggestsuggestthatthatsb.sb.(should)do sth.(should)do sth.persupersu 说说 服服,劝劝 服服 persuadepersuade sb.sb.ToTo dodo sth.sth.adeade(强调结果强调结果)persuadepersuade sb.sb.intointo doingdoingsth.sth.persuadepersuadesb.sb.outoutofofdoing sth.doing sth.15.15.看：看：glance,glance,glare,glare,gli

23、mpse,glimpse,stare,stare,peer,peer,peep,gaze,gapepeep,gaze,gape单单词词glagla(粗略地，随粗略地，随 SheShe gavegave himhim a a quickquick glanceglancencence便地便地)一瞥一瞥and smiled.and smiled.glagla怒目而视怒目而视rereThey glared at each otherThey glared at each otherafter a big fight.after a big fight.含义含义例句例句gligli一瞥，看一一瞥，看一

24、I I caughtcaught a a glimpseglimpse ofof thatthatmpsmps眼眼e egirl.girl.stasta盯着盯着(粗鲁粗鲁 I told him not to stare atI told him not to stare atrere无礼的无礼的)peepee费力地看费力地看r rher;its rude.her;its rude.She has to peer at thingsShe has to peer at thingsbecausebecauseofofherhershortshortsight.sight.peepee窥视，偷看窥

25、视，偷看TheThe mothermother peepedpeeped intointo thethep pe ee e16.16.宣布：宣布：declare,announce,proclaimdeclare,announce,proclaim单词单词主语主语宾语宾语场合场合场合，场合，也可用于也可用于非正式场合非正式场合转睛地看转睛地看bedroom.bedroom.bride.bride.dinosaurdinosaurmodelmodelininthethemuseum.museum.gazgaz凝视，目不凝视，目不He gazed at his beautifulHe gazed a

26、t his beautifulgapgap吃惊地看着吃惊地看着The children gaped at theThe children gaped at thedecldecl则则 既既 可可 重要的决策、重要的决策、主主要要用用于于正正式式areare以以 是是 权权 举措或意见举措或意见力力 机机 关关annoanno或或 政政 府府 公众关心的，公众关心的，可可以以用用于于一一般般unceunce首脑，也首脑，也 特别是具有新特别是具有新 场合，场合，也可用于也可用于可可 以以 是是 闻性的事件闻性的事件普普 通通 个个人人procproc只只 能能 是是 指意义重大的指意义重大的 正

27、式场合正式场合laimlaim权权 力力 机机 事情事情17.17.consistconsist of/beof/be mademade upup of/beof/be composedcomposed ofof单词单词ofof用法用法进行时进行时例句例句fivefive doctorsdoctors andand twotwonurses.nurses.be madebe made 被动形式，被动形式，OurOur lifelife isis mademade ofofup ofup ofbebed ofd of无进行时无进行时choices.choices.被动形式，被动形式，EveryE

28、verysubstancesubstanceisisparticlesparticlesmolecules.molecules.calledcalled关关 或或 政政府首脑府首脑官方正式公告官方正式公告consistconsist 无被动，无被动，无无 OurOur teamteam consistsconsists ofofcomposecompose 无进行时无进行时composedcomposed ofof veryvery smallsmall18.18.辨析：辨析：represent/standrepresent/stand for/onfor/on behalfbehalf of

29、of单词单词含义含义例句例句standstand 代表；象征。代表；象征。WhatWhat doesdoes a a yellowyellow roseroseforfor侧侧 重重 于于 用用 另另 stand for?stand for?外外 的的 东东 西西 代代表或表示表或表示onon代表代表(某人或某人或 OnOnbehalfbehalfeveryoneeveryonebehalbehal 某组织某组织)；为；为 here,here,I I wishwish youyou a a veryveryf off of了的利益了的利益happy holiday.happy holiday.

30、reprerepre 指指 有有 代代 表表 性性 ThisThis描述或讲述描述或讲述sea.sea.19.cross/across/over/through19.cross/across/over/through单单词词crocrossssacracr穿过；穿过；十字路十字路 BeBe carefulcareful whenwhen youyou crosscross口口the street.the street.从从一一边边到到另另 GoGo acrossacross thethe bridge,bridge,youyou穿穿过过；MyMy househouse isis acrossa

31、cross thethe含义含义例句例句picturepicturesentsent或或 象象 征征 性性 地地 represents a storm atrepresents a storm atossoss一边，一边，从表面从表面 will see a building.will see a building.在在.对对 Central Plaza.Central Plaza.面面thrthrougough hoveover r从上空越过，从上空越过，climbedclimbed overover thethe hill;hill;翻越过去翻越过去jump over the deskjum

32、p over the deskTheThe birdbird flewflew overover thetheriver.river.20.20.rise,raise,arise,arouserise,raise,arise,arouse单词单词及物及物含义含义例句例句从内部穿过从内部穿过TheTheelephantelephantcantcantgogothrough the gate.through the gate.riserise不不 日日月月云云雾雾烟烟 The sun rose at sevenThe sun rose at seven热热气气，物物价价 oclock.oclock

33、.(rose,(rose,河河 水水 温温 度度 The price is rising.The price is rising.risen)risen)计计，起起床床起起 Jane rose slowly fromJane rose slowly from立立与与起起义义皆皆 the chair.the chair.由由 riserise 升上升上去。去。arisearise多多 用用 于于 问问 HowHowdiddidthethequarelquarel不及物不及物 题题、困困难难、arise?arise?(arose(arose 分分 歧歧 等等 出出 ProblemsProblems

34、arosearosefromfrom,)raiseraise及物及物d,d,raisedraised)arousearouse 唤起唤起(兴趣、兴趣、HeHe fellfell asleep.asleep.DontDont及物及物ed,ed,同同)练习：练习：(1)(1)He _and walked downstairs.He _and walked downstairs.(2)(2)TheyThey _glasses_glasses toto theirtheir friendship.friendship.(3)(3)Steam is _from the kettle.Steam is _

35、from the kettle.(4)(4)TheyThey havehave _up_up toto 20,00020,000 yuanyuan forfor thetheHope Project.Hope Project.同情心等同情心等)、arouse him.arouse him.TheThe lecturelecture arousedaroused mymyinterest.interest.(arous(arous 唤醒某人唤醒某人现现起起招募、募捐、招募、募捐、SalariesSalaries havehave nownow beenbeen饲养、养育、饲养、养育、raised

36、.raised.用用 raiseraisemoney for the poor.money for the poor.、thethelacklackofofarisenarisen 由由.引引 munication.(raise(raise 提提高高、举举起起 They perform to raiseThey perform to raise(5)(5)When the question_,no now couldWhen the question_,no now couldsolve it.solve it.答案：答案：(1)(1)rose (2)rose (2)raised (3)rai

37、sed (3)rising (4)rising (4)raised (5)aroseraised (5)arose21.refuse/deny/reject/decline21.refuse/deny/reject/decline单单词词denden 否认否认(某事的真某事的真+n./+n./代词代词/动名词动名词/that/thaty y实性实性)想要的东西想要的东西refref 坚决地、坚决地、不客气不客气+n./+n./代词代词/不定式不定式useuse 地拒绝地拒绝rejrej 拒绝、驳回拒绝、驳回(正正+n./+n./代词代词/动名词动名词ectect 式、语气更强式、语气更强)de

38、cdec 婉言拒绝、婉言拒绝、谢绝谢绝linlin refuserefusee epolitelypolitelyEg.She refuse to help me.Eg.She refuse to help me.从句从句拒拒绝绝给给予予某某人人 deny sb sth.deny sb sth.含义含义用法用法 He denied what he had done.He denied what he had done.DontDont denydeny yourselfyourself pleasure.不要有乐pleasure.不要有乐不享。不享。练习：练习：(1)(1)Are you st

39、ill mad at her?Are you still mad at her?Not really,butNot really,butI I cantcant _ thatthat herherremarks hurt me.remarks hurt me.A.deny A.deny B.refuse C.reject D.B.refuse C.reject D.declinedecline(2)She(2)She_my_myinvitationinvitationbecausebecauseofofa aprevious appointment.previous appointment.A

40、.A.refusedrefusedB.B.declineddeclinedC.C.denydenyD.rejectD.reject(3)The(3)The soldierssoldiers werewere putput intointo prisonprison becausebecausethey_to obey orders.they_to obey orders.A.A.rejectedrejectedB.B.declineddeclinedC.C.objectedobjectedD.refusedD.refused22.desire/hope/want/wish22.desire/h

41、ope/want/wish单词单词含义含义e e例句例句desirdesir 指由于愿望强指由于愿望强I desire to see you.I desire to see you.烈而迫切希望、烈而迫切希望、我很想见到你。我很想见到你。渴望渴望HeHe desiresdesires success.success.他渴望成功。他渴望成功。hopehope指希望某人有指希望某人有I I hopehope toto bebe a a doctor.doctor.一个良好的结一个良好的结I hope that she willI hope that she will果，果，而且这种希而且这种希 r

42、ecover soon.recover soon.望是可能得到望是可能得到满足的满足的wishwish常表示难以实常表示难以实I Iwishwishtotobebea a现的愿望，现的愿望，所以所以 millionaire.millionaire.其后宾语从句其后宾语从句I Iwishwishyouyoutotobebe要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气happy.happy.我我 希希 望望 你你 幸幸福。福。I wish that I wouldI wish that I wouldfly to the moon onefly to the moon oneday.day.I wish you su

43、ccess.I wish you success.祝你成功。祝你成功。搭配：搭配：desire to do sth.desire sth.desire to do sth.desire sth.hope to do sth.hope+that hope to do sth.hope+that 从句从句 wish to do sth.wish sb to do sth.wish to do sth.wish sb to do sth.wish that+wish that+虚拟语气虚拟语气 wish sb sth.(wish sb sth.(跟双宾语跟双宾语)23.hurt,wound,inju

44、re23.hurt,wound,injure单单含义含义词词huhurtrtharmharm对身体或精神上的伤害，常指伤害人的肉对身体或精神上的伤害，常指伤害人的肉使人的肉体受伤而疼痛，或伤了人的自尊使人的肉体受伤而疼痛，或伤了人的自尊心或感情。心或感情。例句例句Mary hurt herself when she fell over.Mary hurt herself when she fell over.Thatll hurt her feeling.Thatll hurt her feeling.Overdrinking will harm your stomach.Overdrinki

45、ng will harm your stomach.Those fairy tales wont harm our students.Those fairy tales wont harm our students.He got wounded in the war.He got wounded in the war.The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.woundwound体、身心健康、事业等。体、身心健康、事业等。一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上受一般指严重的外伤，主要指在

46、战场上受伤，伤，作作 vt.vt.，宾语是人，而不是受伤部位。，宾语是人，而不是受伤部位。injureinjure一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤。Tom injured his leg in a skating accident.Tom injured his leg in a skating accident.注意：注意：wound n.wound n.创伤；伤口创伤；伤口 v.v.伤，伤害伤，伤害 wounded adj.wounded adj.负伤的，受了伤（害）的负伤的，受了伤（害）的injured adj.injured adj.受伤的，受损害的受伤的，受

47、损害的常见名词辨析：常见名词辨析：1.1.标记：标记：sign,signal,symbol,marksign,signal,symbol,mark单单词词sigsig符号、符号、招牌、招牌、征兆，征兆，RaisingRaising a a fingerfinger toton n代代表表固固定定意意义义的的 thethe lipslips isis a a signsign forfor含义含义例句例句符号或标记符号或标记silence.silence.sigsig信信号号，被被用用作作交交 TheThetraffictrafficsignalsignalnalnal通、通、通讯的指示或通讯的

48、指示或 turns to green.turns to green.传传递递消消息息的的一一种种手势或声音、手势或声音、光等光等symsym记号或象征，记号或象征，尤其尤其 What is the chemicalWhat is the chemicalbolbol指指用用有有形形实实物物代代 symbol for copper?symbol for copper?表抽象的实体表抽象的实体k kmarmar斑点、斑点、标记、标记、刻度刻度,a burn/scratch marka burn/scratch mark为为某某一一特特定定目目的的而而做做的的标标记记或或有有意意无无意意留留下下的的

49、痕痕迹迹2.2.道路，入口：道路，入口：way,means,method,manner,way,means,method,manner,approachapproach单词单词含义含义用词用词)例句例句questionquestion inin anotheranotherway.way.wayway方式，方式，方法方法(普通普通 IllIllansweransweryouryourmeanmean实现目的的任何实现目的的任何TheThemoneymoneywasntwasnts s手段，或使用交手段，或使用交earnedearnedbybyhonesthonest通工具的方式。通工具的方式。

50、means.means.methmeth指有条理的，系指有条理的，系HaveHaveyouyoutriedtriedthetheodod统的办法，特别统的办法，特别new method?new method?指新的办法。指新的办法。the proper method ofthe proper method ofbrushing teethbrushing teethmannmann特殊的或怪异的特殊的或怪异的WhyWhy areare youyou talkingtalkingerer方式、方法方式、方法ininsuchsucha astrangestrangemanner?manner?ap