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1、英语词汇学教程参考答案 Chaper 1 1、The thre efinitions gree tat lxicolog studies wr、Y,they have dren ocses。Deintion 1 focuse o te menig and ues of wd,whil dinition on the ovral structe an histoy、Defiition r lexioogy as a branch f lngistics and focuses t eantic strucr of the lexicon、It i inesing to nt that the t
2、hee efinii ue iffrent ms fr t objct f std、or Defniion 1,i words,for Dfinition the voalay of langue,nd for efiiio 3 the leico。2、(1)They cn o int the oom,nd if h lie,sut the dor、()You boys are eure t ge in yor hoework efor 1 ococ。(3)I ath the footbll mh happiy a fnd it vey interstin、3、(1)Wen it fllow
3、t a d,i is pronounce as i;(2)he i follow voicelss consonns,t is ponounced t;(3)Wen it fllos voce consonnts n vwes,it s pronouncd s d、4。()Ty are wods that cn be ined in a seantic field of“tee”、(2)hy pesent the fors of the verb“fly”hae a mo menn。(3)They elong a lxica fed of“tlephone mnication”。(4)hey
4、are sonym,relaed to hman isual ereptn、Speciialy,t dnote vari kind “looking、()baboar:a board wt a ark smt srface,se i oos for writig wh calk(h imary stres i black);blackbird:a patiul nd of brd,h may no necessarly be black i coor(th imry stres in on blac);reyhoud:a slener,swif dog ith keen sight(he pr
5、iay stess n on black);Whie Hous:th reence f the US reident n ashingtn(the imar trss n on black)。(b)lack bard:any bord whih is black in color(both ords recee primar ste);ba ird:ny ir whch is blck color(both words recei rmary stress);grey hod:any n a is re in colr(bth wds receive prmry ress);hit hos:a
6、ny hue painted white(boh ws rceiv pimary tres)。6、There are 44 orhograic words,i、quencs f lettrs bouned by spe、Tere are 24 pen cls wods ad 2 cse cls words。7、(a)T bul is literl,referrig to a male bovine aimal、(b)Take he bul by th horn is an iiom,meaing(ang he curag to)el with someon or smethin iecly。(
7、c)ike a ull in a china sp s a idiom,meanin ding someting with to mch enthusias or too quicky o arelesl n a wa at ay dmage thgs pst omone。()A bull arke i e whee prces ris fat bease thee is a lo of buyin o hare n ntciao of roits。8、drinking ssels:cup,mug,glss,tmble,tanad,goble,bowl,eake,wineglass,ber g
8、a,sherry glas They ca be organzed i a nuber o ways,or examle,by the driks th sse is se for、Nlcooic:glas,tumblr,cup,mg,beaker,bwl Ber:br las,nard Wne:igla,gobl Spirts:serry gss hate 2 1.Lxme is n abtract ingustic uit it diffen varnt,fo exampl,s as ainst ang,sn、Mrheme i te utimae gramaticl cnttut,th s
9、mallet igfu unt of langage、Fr xamle,moraizer is n Eglish ord ose f o moreme:morl+lie+r+s、Any ncrte elization o a mrphme i a ien terace is cale a mrh,uch a cat,air,-ing,s,ec、Alomorph are the altrnate phoneic orm of the sm rpheme,for xample,t,a i are alomor of the past tense orphme in Englsh。2、quickl,
10、nstairs,futh,poisonous,wea-en,woldwid,rntioaly,injct,trud 、island,surnam,dsclose,cking,cranbery,radng,poets,flavurfulnes,famos,suvert 4。(a)(b)ai 5、(1)-,-s (2)est,s (3)in (4)ed 6、The conotions are a follos:()lg,crryin the cnnotin f eltance,(2)formal,rryg the onntain that the speke is spi to a cild,()
11、beste s used o a smll anmal in Scland,carryng the cnnoaon of disg,(4)cayng the conntatio of formness,(5)arring the connotaon of ighthertedes、。-m;-n;n;-:-s;z;iz 8、curt:polysemy dart:ysemy let:omonymy jam:oonymy pd:my steep:omy stem:homnyy stuff:polyse wtc:polsey 9、(1)(f),(2)(g),(3)(c),(4)-(e),(5)(),(
12、6)(),()(b)0、()unpractical (2)beak ()mractial (4)rou (5)peds (6)Rute (7)rae hapter 3 1.e istory o nglis can b vide io four peiods:th Old,Mile,ly midd and odern nlish perios。n Old nglish period,her s eqet use f cinages known a nigs,hich refers t vivd fiuratve dcitio ft involving pounds、The bence o a w
13、ide-rangig vocabulary o lanwrds foc peopl to rly ore n woomaton procsss base o nive ements、T latter pero of Ol Eglish a aracteied b th introduction of umber of lon ranslaios。rammtical rlaonshis Od nih wer expsed by use o ilectoal edngs、nd l Englsh i belived t contain bout,000 differnt lexic tms、n Mi
14、dl Englih period,Enlish rmar n vcabulay chaned reaty、gamar,Engish agd from a highly iflce language o an naltic langage、In vocably Ensh wa carctrzed by h l o a are prt of the Engi wstock nd he aditio thousands f words from French and ain、I Ealy Mod nish eiod,Englis vcabuary gre er fas trogh tnsie orr
15、own and pansion of wor-formatio aterns、An ther was a gret mny semntic change,s old words cqu new meaigs、Mden gis i charaterzed ih three main features of unrcened growth o cientii voulry,the assrtin of Amercan nglis a a domnant vaety of lanage,a the megece f th ariie knwn as New Engshe。2.“appart”in()
16、bees“appeaed”in(),nd“deme”bees“dream”、The pasive“were deated”ees the ati“hd gone”、With the change o ord fors,(b)look siple morpologclly、3.rf:mec san kerchie:enc mutton:Fench caaver:Latn oer:Kngo leiathan:Lati gnse:ine taf:t Ameian ki ono:Japans wsk:Irish caddy:Mly shere:Lin lge:rai grfe:Afcn 4.tr:an
17、ing cange from t trailing art of a own to de rnge of exened menings、der:eang narrowd fom beast o aimal to a prclar kin of animl kight:eani melored rom by,manerva to a n in te UK ho h been given an honor of kithood mea:meaning narrowe down from food to t eible flh of anial ad the edble part f fruit、h
18、os:meaing extendd from leg coering t a lon tube fo cai war、5.ell:peciaized hun:pecialize starve:spiaized ie:speciaized loaf:pecaize 、Amercan Eglish Bri Eglih ll Autm candy sweet crn Maize smesr ter aartmet flt Drsser Dressin table treet car Tm ar Caer 4。read+-ness di-+courage+ing kind+hat-u+oub-ed-l
19、y sock+roo+s pe-pk+-agee 2.k:ooks(n、);bos(v、),ooing,ookd frgt:frgets,forot,orgte short:shorttr,ortest sap:nps,nappin,snape take:tkes,tking,took,akn gose:eese y:eaier,heavie 3.ish:meing aving h atue of,like de:aning the oppsite of iy:meaning make,-dom:mn the tate o l(im/in-):en the opposite f,ot able
20、:menig that can r ms be mis:meanig wrongl or badly-ion(-io):meaning the stteprocs of re-:eann rior to-met:meaing te acion of r-:mang agai under:aig nt enog l:meaning the procss or sat of 4.。Te ae endocentic ouds、They hv the“Adj N”suctue,in whih adjecies ar used to nouns lin,ne,neck,roo、Hotne means a
21、 lhoe numbr tat peol can cal for iformtin、Minline means n impoan railwy bwn wo cies、Rednck ns a person fr th southern S、arrom as a oom wih very lttle in t,sed for developin photograps、They ae noctric on、They av he“N+stture、Bookself mens a shelf f eeng books。Bredbsket mens a containe for svin read、Ma
22、lbo men a bx for uttng lters n we they dliver o a hous、Wnegas means glas fo drinkig ne、c、hy re ndocnc punds、Ty av th“+struture。etead means the ead a tter(i、e、the ae d address of oganizai printed the top f a lter)、oadside man the area a te side a ad、Keyhole mans e hole i a lk r putting t ky in。Hilltp
23、 ens the top of a ill。、They re xontri puns。Dropout an a prso wo leves chol befo they have finshed thir tuies、oeween meas a peron who tas mesges btween peple。urnout mans the nume o peole wh e to a vent、Standby en eron or thin ta can always s if neede、e。Tey ae endoentrc oud、They hae the“Adj Ned strutu
24、e,in whih ajecve ar se to oify te N-e。、Thy are endoetrc pund、The ae he“N Adj”srtur,eing As dj As N、5.in:nt,the oppsite o n:t put into the onditio f is-:not,th oposite of n:not,th opposie of inte-:beten,amo mi:wrongly r bdy over:too muh re-:again pos:after 6.a。youg do;pige、a fale editor;htss c、a plce
25、 o booking tckts;refinery、one wo s ced;tinee e、the state o eing up;outp 7。nbliable:un(prefix),-ale(sfi)nxhaustible:in(preix),-ble(sufix)mltnai:mut(preix)-,-al(suffix)teesoping:tee(preix),-in(suffix)8.a。iitialism b。lending c、pouing d。conversio 9.。pounding,iatn b。ouding,aixao c。unding,shonng、pouni,afi
26、xation 10.a、consumale,prhenible,exchanable,prmissbe b、bsbent,asistan,iffee,aicant、onstrucor,liar,begga,eito,developer d。leetay,statoary,rewey,ocker Chaper 5 1。()connottion (b)formit (c)ialct (d)connotaio 2、water ranwate,brine,t wter,mieral wate,sprn wate,purified watr,aer wter,。、3、(a)keping ()elin o
27、f amrain r repect 、()hypoyy (b)erony 5、(a)lht eer,son beer (b)havy cffee,stng cofee,wa cofee 6、aateurdabler,fnn-rdiculus,ocupatiorfesson,mall-lttl,fmsnowed,fictionfbe,smelsent 7、Thse wods refer o diferen knds of picu or digras、Dawin:pictue r diaga ade wih a p,enl,or cryn。Caoo efer to a amusing drain
28、g n a ewspper or maazn。Digrm rer t a sile drawin using ln t explan where something i,how smething works,et。Illustratio efes to draing r itur in a b,magaine etc。to eplin ohing、Sketch efers o a mple icture that is drawn quickly and oes nt hv may detl。8、()gradable (b)nogrdable,reesive (c)gadable (d)nog
29、raabl,revrive (e)dable (f)nongrable 9、()atoym (b)hypon (c)ntonm (d)nonm (e)meoymy hapter 6 1、1)liteal expresin 2)io 3)lieral exressin 4)iiom )idiom 6)literal xpessin 2、1)i 2)eting tha ks a place ess atrce )sddenly eaie o undertan somthng )mak ones friens isappont 5)ctinue argue methng at has aledy e
30、 dide a s nt imporat )reat qicl s as o e an advntae 3、1)grdualy redue the amoun of ime,money,etc。2)ie supot a couagemn t somene in gam,peo,et 3)give smethng o t peron it belngs to 4)annoy 5)fil ecause part is weak incec 6)ty to fi out te fcs about something 7)live under t rule o smee 8)talk t smone
31、i ord to fnd o hs ios,ideas,felings etc、9)give somone a warni or sect information aout someting aper 7 1.enera ictioaries ncld a of the eemts of lexicon,including meann,prounciations,uses,and soris f te words thir lgag。Specialid ditionaries are estrcted to one vriety or to on tye nrywo、2.Thy r den n
32、 that diffeen mea ae ue、Pit dictonaris do not us letrc poer and can e used in all kinds of light、Electroic itionaes ae es to carry、。3.pen o dsussio、4.Open t dicusion。5.(a)ymbolise(b)symbol o sh i a rso,an objec,a event,et。that reresents mre enral qualiy or sitution;ymbol f h i a ign,number,leter,etc
33、、that hs a fixed menng,esecilly in sciec,mathematis nd music(a)/imbik/d ib:lik/(b)represet(c)(d)s、We kow th fr e labe VN nd th xpes、Chpr 8 1.etically hallengdhort saiaion egergarbage colector ethnc lasinggecid ladies k romwmes oet 2.(1)ey iffr in notti、Poitcia iplis isapprovl while tatesma mpies ppr
34、oval。(2)Tey diffr n conotatin。Inexpese ounds dict、()hey difer n conntaion。ftter mplies isapproal,wie rais imlies appoval、(4)The dffe i onnotaion、pedt mplies dipproval,sholar i eutra、3.(1)buttock s (2)onsens-bulsi (3)rison ca (4)cocai oke 4.(a)、Tun of h ight,plese。(b)oul you please tur of the ligh?5。
35、Answrs vary fom pron o person。、()n a oral ccasion、(2)whn the spea s eig frend of(3)we te pakr is gry and wns the addrese o leave (4)whn te peaker is tking wit a cl rien。、gatey,frwll,vru,bomark,adres,DOS,cyberspace,rofle,brwr,lgi 8。Th dir n the tems they used,s they a differen argons、Caper 9 1。ife:an
36、 object wit shrp blade fo cutting higs clohes:tngs w wear o keep our bodes war;udig:a structure made o a sog mateial,avng rof,wlls,widow,n doos 2、he atacked every weak point in m arumet、He ithdrew his ofeie rmrs、I i back a hi critcism。rouced sverl illurations to buttres he argument、I brace mlf for t
37、he onslaugt。3、The sufix e is tyicall ttaced t verb eanng one who the obct of the verb。Ths meanng i conidred a the mean of the form。,rine mens on who is bin tined、Bt the bckrund knwledge asociated i he veb ma dlte t meanig of the suffx。Sufx e i te ovs away from the cre eaning n deprved the object maning、o stanee ean ne who sands、4。In god baby,god means wlbehved,no aun trule;i oo paen,god means ind,generos,cnsidrae,et、5、(1)is used o show sad flings hi (2)s used a an aplg、