高中英语从句语法总复习.pdf

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1、定常考知识语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。经过从句的意思判断先行词。指引定语从句的关系代词有why 等。一、非限制性定语从句记:有逗号的从句,连结词必定不用典型例题They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to stay for two or three days.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when二、关系代词who,whom,whose 指引的定语从句这种定语从句中,who 在从句顶用作主语,注意:Whose 既可代表人,也可代表物eg:Do you see the house whose

2、windows are all broken?三、关系代词that 和 which 指引的定语从句1、只好用 which的状况(1)介词+which(2)非限制性定语从句who,whom,whose,which,that 等和关系副词where,when,that。whom 从句顶用作宾语,whose 从句顶用作定语2、只好用 that 的状况(1)先行词为不定代词(all,nothing,much等)(2)两个 the:先行词为序数词和最高等(3)人和物同时做先行词时(4)先行词被 the only,the very 修饰时3、“介词+which/whom”中介词的选择关系代词前的介词使用时

3、依据与名词前面的动词搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子构造上的需要而定。eg:Well never forget the day on which we went camping.四、关系副词when,where,why 指引的定语从句1、when,where,why=介词+which,有时为表达清楚,还可在关系副词where、when前加介词from,to。Reason Why=reason for which2、关系副词和关系代词的比较记:从句的句子是完好的连结词必定用关系副词3、高考对关系副词where的考察高考取对 where 的考察趋于复杂,先行词由“显然的地址”转为“地址的模糊化”。为

4、表地址,当先行词表示某人Where 不可以只理解/物的处境(situation),或某事所发展的阶段,或表达某事的某个方面(part,point)时都可用 where 这个关系副词。例词:Place 地址Case 事例场合Aspect 方面.Situation局势Point 点Top 极点Position地位Stage 阶段Occasion五、关系代词as,which 的差别As 主要用于asas;the same as;such as等构造中。译为“正如”。as 指引非限制性的定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,而which 均可。eg:The meeting,which was held in t

5、he park,was a success.eg:The meeting was a success,as was expected.典型例题(1)My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it(2)The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as六、way 的特别用法The way that/which/不填he explained to u

6、s was quite simple.The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.考点解析命题规律:(1)关系代词的辨析及关系副词的辨析。(一致问题。例题:规律总结:定语从句一般考连结词,一般分三步达成。2、看从句能否完好,完好必定用关系副词。eg:This is the farm where he works.eg:This is the farm which he visits.2)关系代词的指代状况(3)定语从句的主谓1、判判定语从句的先行词和理解从句意思。

7、3、不完好的(1)*关系代词和关系副词的辨析,判断从句能否完好,完好的连结词必定用关系副词。*碰到situation,part,point,place,period等,一般连结词用where。碰到time,age,day等,一般连接词用when。*介词后必定不加 that,注意介词的判断。介词+which/whom(不用 who)。关系副词=介词+which(2)*非限制性定语从句及有逗号的从句,必定不用 that(特别注意先行词为整个句子时)。*which,that 的一些特别用法。*作宾语的关系代词可省略(3)定语从句的两个特别句型*Is this schoolwe visited tha

8、t year?Is the schoolIs this the schoolwe visited that year?we visited that year?名词性从句常考知识一、名词性从句的构造和功能总述名词性从句包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。具出名词性功能。名词性从句主要有四种从句构造:以that 指引的从句;以whether/if指引的从句;以特别疑问词指引的从句;以what 或wh-ever 等连结代词指引的名词性关系从句。主语从句 宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语一般that不省略 能够省略 一般不省略whether/if(能否)放于句首时只用w

9、hether只用 whether特别疑问词注意语序要用陈说语序注意语序要用陈说语序名词性关系从句典型例题一般不省略一般不省略whether 用 whether/if均可,但有差别只用whether只用(1)Can you tell me _(我怎样去)get to the railway station?(2)These photographs willshow you _(我们村上看上去是什么样子的)。二、that 从句(一)主语从句1、that 从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常有的句型有:(1)It+be+形容(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,

10、wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable)+that从句。eg:certain that she will do well in her exam.(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise)+that 从句。eg:Its a pity that we cant go.(3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged)+that 从句。eg:It is said

11、 that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.(4)It+不及物动词 +that 从句eg:It seems/happens/appears/turns out/doesnt matterthat注意:It is(high)time that we got down to work.It is the first time that I have come to Beijing.2、that 连结词位于句首时,不可以省略。eg:That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(二)宾

12、语从句1、常见的可 接从 句作宾 语的动 词 有,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,be sure,be afraid(可省略)。在能够接复合宾语的动词以后,如think,make,consider 等,可用 it 做形式宾语。eg:He has made it clear that he will not give in.eg:We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.2、that 从句一般不可以充任介词宾语,但可作except,in 等介词的宾语。其余

13、介词后需用that 时,一定用it 作形式宾语。eg:You may depend on it that I shall always help you.(三)表语从句that 指引表语从句时,不行省略。eg:My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.(四)同位语从句连词 that 指引的同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分,不省略。应在某些有内容的名词以后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等。

14、eg:Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is not ever.三、whether/if(能否)词,It is(一)在表语从句和同位语从句中只好用whether不可以if;当主语从句放于句首时,也只好用用whether不用if;当 it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用whether 或 if均可。eg:Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.eg:It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.eg:The pro

15、blem is whether the meeting will be given.eg:I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.(二)在宾语从句中:介词后只用whether,不用 if。eg:I depends on whether you can do the work well.典型例题(1)_well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(2)I am not sure_ he will come here or not.(3)This decision will have ef

16、fect on _ or not he will succeed.四、特别疑问词(一)主语从句特别疑问词指引主语从句时,常用it 作形式主语。eg:It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.(二)宾语从句1、能接特别疑问词指引的宾语从句的动词好多,常有的有:eg:I cant imagine how he did it.eg:They couldnt understand why I refused it.2、作介词宾语。eg:It all depends on how we solve the problem.eg:We a

17、re worrying about what we should do next.(三)表语从句、同位语从句eg:The problem is where we should stay.eg:My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.五、名词性关系从句What 是最常用来指引名词性关系从句的关系代词。what=the things which/that,whoever=anyone who,whichever=anyone/anything that,whatever=anything that.Wh

18、ere=the place where,when=the time when.(三)表语从句eg:This is where our problem lies.eg:Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.(四)同位语从句eg:I gave the girl a big doll,exactly what she longed to have.(五)名词性关系从句还可作宾语补足语eg:Well make him whatever he is fit for.eg:Ill call the baby whatever name you like.

19、eg:He has made the company what it is today.六、名词性从句的几个难点see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等.(一)wh-ever 与 no matter wh-的用法差别,wh-ever放句首句中,no matter wh-放句首wh-ever既可指引名词性从句,又可指引退步状语从句;而no matter wh-只好指引退步状语从句。,he wouldn t listen to

20、 me.eg:Whatever I said,he wouldn t listen to me.=No matter what I saideg:He would believe whatever I said.此外,whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever 中,ever 起重申作用,意为“终究、究竟”。(二)as if/as though,because,why 也可指引表语从句。eg:It looked as if it was goingto rain.(三)连词that指引的同位语从句和关系代词that 指引的定语从句的差别fact,hope,desire,

21、thought 等,1、连词 that 指引同位语从句时,应放在某些拥有内容的名词以后,如从句是完好的。对前面的名词起增补说明的作用。只起指引的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,所以that 指引的同位语2、关系代词that指引定语从句时,在定语从句中担当作分(主、宾),that 指引的定语从句时残破的。eg:The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.eg:The news that we heardon the radio was not true.并列句和状语从句*并列句1、表递进关系:and,not onlyb

22、ut also,neithernor,notbut2、表示选择关系:常用的并列连结词有or,eitheror,otherwise 等。3、表转折关系:but,yet,whereas,while 等。4、说明关系:so,for。5、while“而,却”表对照。典型例题(1)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.(2)Follow the doctors advice,_ your cough will get worse.(3)He was just going to sleep_ he heard som

23、eone shout“Fire!Fire!”.(4)She is seriously ill,_she doesnt give up hope.(5)He is a good teacher,_ he is very popular with students.(6)_ does he do well in English,but he does well in maths.*状语从句时间状语从句一、when、while、as1、when 既能够指引一个连续动作、也能够指引一个短暂动作。2、附属连词while 指引的动作一定是连续性的,重视主句动作和从句动作相对照。3、连词 as 可表示“一边

24、,(一边)”或“跟着”。eg:When/While/As I was walking down the steet,I came across an old friend of mine.二、as soonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nohardly/scarcelywhen和 once(一 就)eg:The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.eg:No sooner had we arrived at the station

25、than the train left.eg:The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.注意:I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.三、till,until,notuntil1、必定句:主句动词一定是连续性动词,意为|“某动作向来连续到某时间点才停止”。eg:He remained there until she arrived.eg:You may stay here until the

26、rain stops.2、否认句:主句动词一定是非连续性动词,意为“某动作之道某时间才开始”。eg:He wont go to bed till/until she returns.soonerthan,3、till不可以够置于句首,而 until 能够。eg:Until you told me I had no idea of it.4、notuntil句型中的重申解倒装用法:(1)It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.((2)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it

27、.重申)(倒装)典型例题句型变换:I didnt leave until she came back.(1)_ _ she came back _ _ leave.(2)_ _ not until she came back _ I _.四、before 和since1、若表达“还未 就;不到 就;才;还没来得及”时,需用连词eg:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2、before 从句中谓语不用否认式。eg:Before they reached the station,the train had gone.

28、3、It will be+一段时间+before多久以后才eg:It will be half a year before I come back.eg:It wont be long before we meet again.4、since 从句(一般过去时)的动词一般是非连续性动词,主句的动词时连续性或频频发生的。5、在“It is+一段时间+since 从句”句型。eg:It is three years since the war broke out.五、every time,each time,nexttime,the first time,any time,all次”等。eg:Ev

29、ery/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.eg:Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.eg:The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.地址状语从句和原由状语从句一、地址状语从句before。(此刻达成时或此刻达成进行时)the time 等,表示“每当;每次;下1、指引地址状语从句的附属连词where,wherever 指详细地址时。2、注意划分where 指引的定语从句和状语从句:Youd b

30、etter make a mark where you have any questions.Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.二、原由状语从句1、指引的连词有:because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that。Because主句前或后As主句前或后whySince/now that直接因果关系两方都知道的原由语气强能回答why不可以回答主句前两方都知道的原由eg:Why are you absent from the meeting?B

31、ecause I am ill.eg:As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.eg:Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.2、其余表原由的方式Because of,thanks to,due to,owing to 等。(for)He doesn t know about it,for he didnt see the film.目的状语从句和结果状语从句一、目的状语从句连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,les

32、t 等。1、in order that 与 so thateg:Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.eg:In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.2、for fear that,in case和 lest从句中动词要用should+动词原形,自己带有否认意义eg:The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.eg:Tak

33、e your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.二、结果状语从句指引结果状语从句的连词:so that,such thateg:Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.当 so 或 such 置于句首,主句要用倒装语序。eg:So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problem

34、s.典型例题句型变换:He is so young that he cant join the army.(1)He is_ _ _ to join the army.(2)He is _ _ to join the army.(3)He is so young _ _ _ join the army.条件状语从句和方式状语从句一、条件状语从句连词有:if,unless,so/as long as,in case,on condition that。eg:Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.eg:As long as you dont loseh

35、eart,you will succeed.eg:In case ther is a fire,what will we do first?二、方式状语从句连词:as,as if,as thougheg:Do as you are told to,or youll be fired.eg:The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.eg:I feel as if I have a fever.退步状语从句和比较状语从句退步状语从句1、although/though,even though/even ifeg:He is unhap

36、py,though/although he has a lot of money.eg:Although/though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.eg:Even though/if it is raining,well go there.注意:though 作“但是,但是”,句末eg:He said he would come,he didnt,though.2、as 或 though 指引的退步状语从句倒装的状况eg:Child as he is,he knows a lot.eg:Much as I like

37、 it,I wont buy it,for its too expensive.3、whetheror(不论 仍是);疑问词eg:Whether you believe it or not,it is true.eg:Whatever you say,he wont believe you.+ever与no matter+疑问词eg:Whoever you are,you must obey the rules.注意:whoever,whatever,whichever 等还可指引名词性从句。eg:You can take whatever you like.4、while但是eg:While

38、 I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.典型例题(1)Ill be your true friend,_ happens.A.whateverB.no matter what(2)_ I see him,he is busy with his research work.A.WheneverB.No matter when(3)He liked reading very much._ he went,he took a book with him.A.WhereverB.No matter

39、 where(4)_ difficult the problem may be,Ill work it out by myself.A.HoweverA.whoeverA.WhoeverB no matter howB.no matter whoB.No matter who(5)I wont let you in,_ you may be.(6)_ leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light.(7)Im too busy to buy you a present,wo you can use the money I g

40、ive you to buy _ you like.A.whateverA.whoeverB.no matter whatB.whomeverC.no matter who(8)Ill give the ticket to _ really wants to see the film.状语从句的收缩现象一、时间状语从句中常有的收缩Dont speak until spoken to.While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.二、条件状语从句中常有的收缩Come tomorrow if possible.If so,you must go back and get it.Ill buy a TV set if necessary.三、方式状语从句中常有的收缩She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though angry.四、其余状语从句中的收缩Though cold,he still wore a shirt.Being blind,he couldnt see anything.who

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