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1、会计学1lessonmarineboilers船用锅炉船用锅炉Orfordrivingauxiliarymachinerysuchasthewindlass.或者或者用来驱动用来驱动辅助机械,比如锚机,比如锚机第1页/共22页Therearetwobasictypesofboilerinuseonboardships:船用锅炉有两种基本类型:thefiretubeboiler(theterms“smoketube”and“donkeyboiler”arealsoinuse),火管锅炉(也使用烟管锅炉和辅锅炉这两个术语)第2页/共22页andthewatertubeboiler,botharei
2、llustratedinFig.9-1.和水管锅炉。分别如图9-1所示。第3页/共22页2.Nowifyoulookatthediagramofthefire-tubeboileryouwillseethatitconsistsofacylindricalsteelshell,whichcontainsafurnaceatthebottom.现在来看看火管锅炉的简图,你会发现它由一个圆筒形的钢质外壳构成,底部有炉膛。第4页/共22页Twoormorefurnacesmaybefitted,dependingonthesizeoftheboiler.Thefurnaceisconnectedto
3、acombustionchamber,situatedinthemiddlepartoftheboiler.根据锅炉尺寸的大小,可以安装两个以上的炉膛。炉膛和位于锅炉中间位置的燃烧室相连通。第5页/共22页Leadingfromthiscombustionchambertoasmokeboxarealargenumberofhorizontaltubes.燃烧室和烟箱之间有许多水平管道(烟管)第6页/共22页someoftheseareusedforsupportingthemiddlesectionoftheboilerandthecombustionchamber.Connectedtot
4、hesmokeboxaretheuptakesforthewastegases.Thefurnace,thecombustionchamberandthetubesareallsurroundedbywater.一部分烟管用来支撑锅炉中部和燃烧室。与烟箱相连的是废气的上升通道。炉膛,燃烧室和(烟)管都被水环绕着第7页/共22页3.Thefire-tubeboilerisusuallyofbothrivetedandweldedconstruction.Itisstrongandiscapableofoperatingwithpoorqualityfeedwater.火管锅炉通常是铆接和焊接结构
5、。其结构坚固,并能使用劣质给水工作。第8页/共22页Buttherearemoreefficienttypesofboiler,whichcangeneratemorepower;thereforefire-tubeboilersarenowmainlychosenforlow-pressuresteamproductiononvesselsrequiringsteamforauxiliarypurposes但是,有些类型的锅炉效率更高,能产生更多的蒸汽;因此因此,火管锅炉现在主要被用来提供低压蒸汽给需要的辅助场合(目的)的船舶。第9页/共22页4.Water-tubeboilerhavere
6、placedfire-tubeboilersforgeneratinghigh-pressure,high-temperature,high-capacitysteamformainenginesorcargopumpturbines.水管锅炉已经代替了火管锅炉来产生高压、高温、大量的蒸汽,以驱动主机或者货油泵的透平。第10页/共22页第11页/共22页Fromthediagramyouwillseethattheyhaveasteamdrumatthetop,whichispartlyfilledwithwater,andwaterdrumsatalowerlevel.Thesedrumsa
7、reconnectedbybanksoftubes,whichalsocontainwater.从图上可以看到,水管锅炉顶部有一个汽鼓,部分有水,且下部有多个水鼓。这些汽鼓和水鼓通过管束相连,管内也有水。第12页/共22页Thefurnaceislocatedatthebottomandthewholesystemiscontainedinafireproofcasing.Downcomertubesareplacedoutsidethegassystemtoactasfeederstothewaterdrums.炉膛位于底部,整个系统由防火外壳包围。下降管安装在燃气系统之外,用作水鼓的给水管
8、。第13页/共22页5.Gasesareheatedinthefurnaceandpassupwardsthroughthebanksoftubes,transferringtheirheattothewaterinthetubes.becausethesteamdrumprovidesareservoirofrelativelycoolwater,convectioncurrentsaresetupcausingthewatertocirculateroundthesystem.在炉膛内被加热的燃气向上通过管束,把热量传递给管内的水。因汽鼓内储存的水温度相对较低,系统内就形成了对流,使水得以
9、循环第14页/共22页Thebanksoftubes(generatingtubes)offeralargesurfaceareatotheradiantheatofthefurnacegases.Thismakesthemveryefficient.Super-heatersareaddedtothesystemtoincreaseitsefficiency.Thesearelocatedbetweentherowsoftubes.管束(蒸发管)提供了一个很大的炉膛辐射受热面,这使其效率很高。过热器被安装在系统中,以增加其效率,(过热器)安装在管束中间。第15页/共22页6.Variousv
10、alvesandgaugesarefittedtotheboilers.Thoseattacheddirectlytothepressurepartsoftheboilerareknownasboilermountings.Themountingsusuallyfoundonaboilerare:safetyvalves,whichareneededtoprotecttheboileragainstoverpressure;amainstopvalveinordertocontrolthepassageofsteamtotheengines;锅炉上装有各种不同的阀和仪表.直接和锅炉的压力部分相
11、连的称为锅炉附件。通常锅炉上的附件有:安全阀,用来保护锅炉压力过高。主停汽阀主停汽阀,用来控制通向发动机的通道。第16页/共22页feedcheckvalvestocontrolthefinalentryofwaterintotheboiler;waterlevelindicatorstoshowthelevelofwaterintheboiler;ablow-downvalveenableswatertobeblowndownoremptiedfromtheboiler给水止回阀,用来控制锅炉进水量。水位计,用来显示锅炉水位。下排污阀,用来下排污或放空炉水。第17页/共22页ascumval
12、veenablestheblowingdownorremovalofscumandimpuritiesfromthewatersurfaceandthermometersforshowingthetemperatureinsidetheboiler.上排污阀,用来排出或除去锅炉水面上的浮渣和杂质。温度计温度计,用来显示锅炉内部的温度。第18页/共22页Inordertobeabletoblowawaysootandtheproductsofcombustionfromthetubesurfaces,sootblowersarefittedwhichareoperatedbysteamorcompressedair.为了吹除管壁上的烟灰和燃烧产物,安装了用蒸汽或压缩空气工作的吹灰器。第19页/共22页Salinometervalvesarealsofittedtoallowsamplesofwatertobedrawnofffortesting.Chemicaldosingvalvesarealsonecessarysothatchemicalscanbeaddeddirectlyintotheboiler.盐度计(取样)阀也安装在锅炉上,以取锅炉水样进行化验。还需要安装投药阀,以便化学药品能直接投入锅炉中。第20页/共22页第21页/共22页