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1、绝密考试结束前20152015 年年 1010 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语国家概况英语国家概况 试卷试卷(课程代码课程代码 00522)00522)本试卷共本试卷共 8 8 页，满分页，满分 l00l00 分，考试时间分，考试时间 l50l50 分钟。分钟。考生答题注意事项：考生答题注意事项：1 1本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。和背面均可作草稿纸。2 2第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用 2B2
2、B 铅笔将“答题铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。卡”的相应代码涂黑。3 3第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用 0 05 5 毫米黑色毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。字迹签字笔作答。4 4合理安排答题空阀，超出答题区域无效。合理安排答题空阀，超出答题区域无效。第一部分第一部分 选择题选择题MULTIPLE CHOICEMULTIPLE CHOICERead the following unfinished statement or questionsRead the following unfinished statement or question
3、scarefully.For each unfinished statement or question,fourcarefully.For each unfinished statement or question,foursuggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given.Choose the onesuggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given.Choose the onethat you think best completes the statement or answers thethat yo
4、u think best completes the statement or answers thequestion.Blackenquestion.Blacken thethe letterletter ofof thethe answeranswer youyou havehave chosenchosen inin thethecorrespondingcorresponding spacespace onon thethe AnswerAnswer Sheet.(50Sheet.(50 points,1points,1 pointpoint each)each)1.The Vikin
5、gs,who came from ,atacked carious parts ofEngland from the end of the 8th century.A.Norway B.FranceC.Germany D.Denmark2.The Celts began to arrive at Britain around and keptcoming until the arrical of the Romans.A.600BC B.600ADC.700BC D.700AD3.Among the Bristish kings,was known as“theconfessor”becaus
6、e of his religious piety.A.Henry B.King AlfredC.King Harold D.King Edward4.The Domesday Book states all the following EXCEPT .A.the history of the land B.the ownership of the landC.the value of the land D.the extent of the land5.The spirit of Magna Carta was .A.the increasing of the powers of serfsB
7、.the limitation of the powers of the kingC.the increasing of the powers of the Church.D.the limitation of the powers of the Church.6.The causes of the Hundred Yearss War was partly andpartly economic.A.racial B.politicalC.religious D.territorial7.In British history,the First Civil War broke out in .
8、A.1640 B.1642C.1645 D.16498.The main causes for Henry s religious reform of the Churchwere the following EXCEPT .A.pressure from the popeB.Henrys need for moneyC.accumulated desire for change and reform in the ChurchD.public resentment for the pricvilege and wealth of the clergy9.was the only monarc
9、h that was condemned to death andexecuted in British history.A.Charles B.CharlesC.James D.James10.A good result of the argricultural enclosure was that .A.renants were ecicred from their lands.B.riots erupted in many areas where the peasant farmers wentC.a new class hostilitywas introduced into tura
10、l relationshiosD.farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up thesmall11.The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization ofindustry and the consequent changes in social and economicorganization in Britain in the .A.late 16th century and early 17th centuryB.late 17th century and
11、early 18th centuryC.late 18th century and early 19th centuryD.late 19th century and early 20th century12.Which of the following is TRUE about Britain in World War A.It lost all her natonal wealth.B.It was left gravely impoverished.C.It devoted half of her strength to the war.D.It entered a period of
12、 economic and financial boom.13.,who found that his policy of appeasement of Germanaggression was no longer tenable,was forced to declare war onGermany on Setember 3,1939.A.Churchill B.GeorgeC.Chamberlain D.Elizabeth14.In January 1973,Britain finally because a full member ofthe .A.CommonwealthB.Euro
13、pean Economic CommunityC.North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationD.Organization of Petroleum Exportiong Countries15.The interval between General Elections years.A.2 B.4C.5 D.816.The two major parties in Britain since 1945 are .A.the Whig Party and the Tory PartyB.the Labor Party and the Liberal Party.C.th
14、e Labor Party and the Conservative Party.D.the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party17.In the U.K.,government ministers are responsible collectivelyto for all Cabinet decisions.A.the Queen B.the ParliamentC.the Privy Council D.the Prime Minister18.In Britain,is the largest of the FreeChurches,ori
15、ginated in the 18thcentury following the evangelicalrevival under John Wesley(1703-1791).A.the Methodist Church B.the Baptist ChurchD.the Church of England D.the Church of Scotland19.Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Open UniversityA.It is a non-residential university.B.It is open to al
16、l to become students.C.It admits students only from Britain.D.It offers degree and other courses for adult students of allages.20.,the most popular sport in England as well as inEurope,has its traditional home in England.A.Golf B.FootballC.Cricket D.basketball21.In the late 15th century,supported by
17、 the SpanishQueen,Christopher Columbus,discovered the New World.A.an Italian navigator B.a Danish navigatorC.an English navigator D.a Portuguese navigator22.One of the features of the earlycolonists which play a rolein the formation of American character is .A.religious intoleranceB.respect of indiv
18、idual rightsC.strong form of governmentD.discouragement of individual enterprise23.In September 1783,was signed and Britain recognized theindependence of the United States.A.the Articles of Confederation B.the Bill of RightsC.the Declaration of independence D.the Treaty of Paris24.The Articles of co
19、nfedration was very important in all thefollowing Except that .A.it provided for no king.B.it declared independence from Great Britain.C.it was a written constitution for the United States.D.it created a central government in the form of a Congress.25.The American Civil War broke out mainly because
20、.A.Abbraham Lincoln was elected presidentB.Harrier Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin was publishedC.the southern states controlled land,raw materials and labortha the North neededD.the southern states broke away from the Union and formed theConfederate State of America26.On August 4,1914,American Pres
21、ident issued an officialstatement proclaiming American neutrality in the First World War.A.Harry Truman B.Theodore RooseveltC.Woodrow Wilson D.Franklin D.Roosevelt27.In the U.S.,the first blow to the stock market came on October24,1929,which was called .A.the black Monday B.the black FridayC.the bla
22、ck Thursday D.the black Tuesday28.The aim of President Roosevelts New Deal was to .A.abolish social security systemsB.reduce government regulation and controlC.discograge industries from deceloping too fastD.“save American democracy”as the himself put it29.The American containment policy towards the
23、 Soviet Union,madeby President Truman in 1949,lasted until .A.1975 B.1989C.1991 D.199830.was the result of struggle between the great powers forcontrol of the world and military expansion of the countries ofNazi Germany,Fascist Italy and militarist Japan.A.The Cold War B.The Korean WarC.The First Wo
24、rld War D.The Second World War31.was NOT a comerstone of the postwar American Economicboom.A.Increasing investment in agricultureB.An ever-increasing military spendingC.Automobile manufacturing for the growing new communitiesD.A construction boom to provide houses and schools for allchildren32.In Fe
25、beruary 1972,President visited China and metChairman Mao and the two coutntries issued the ShanghaiCommunique.A.Nixon B.CarterC.Ford D.Reagan33.In the postwar years the United States continued to emphasizegovernment involvement and adopted the in running theeconomy.A.Keynesian theory B.Marxist theor
26、yC.Truman Doctrine D.Monetarist policies34.Apart from the stagnation,the American economy is now facinganother problem of .A.foreign debts and trade deficit B.foreign debts and tradesurplusC.overproduction and trade deficit D.overproduction andtrade surplus .A.General Motors,Fotors,Ford,ChryslerB.Ge
27、neral Motors,Toyota,ChrslerC.General Motors,Nissan,ChryslerD.General Motors,Volkswagen,Chrysler36.According to the provisions for constitutional amendment,theCongress may initiate an amendment by a vote in eachhouse.A.half B.one-thirdC.two-thirds D.three-fourths ecectoral votes.A.200 B.270C.435 D.53
28、8 .A.Senate B.HouseC.Supreme Court D.State Department39.Which statement about the American political parties in NOTtrueA.In general,America has a two-party system.B.The Constitution makes no provisions for political parties.C.Political parties are the basis of the American politicalsystem.D.The Demo
29、crats and the Republicans dominate politics only at thefederal level.40.were those American writers who reported truthfullyand objectively the life in the slums inthe last decades of the19th century and first decade of the 20th century.A.Realists B.NatralistsC.transcendentalists D.Modemists41.The Pr
30、airie Provinces which lie west of Ontario are ideal forand are thinly settled.A.fishing B.miningC.tourism D.growing wheat42.After the Seven YearsWar from 1756 to 1763,the French wereforced to give up Of Canada to Britain.A.parts B.the eastC.the whole D.the northwest43.By the Statute of Westminster i
31、n 1931,Canada .A.took Newfoundland as its tenth provinceB.became a member of the Commonwealth of NationsC.found rich oil dields in Alberta and other western procincesD.opened the St.Lawrence Seaway for further growth in economy44.In 1921the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty to .A.start a civil w
32、arB.keep Ireland out of World WarC.found the Irish Republican ArmyD.establish an Irish Free State in Northern Ireland45.Henry was the first king to bring all under Englishcontrol.A.Wales B.EuropeC.Ireland D.Scotland46.Most of Australia lies between 20 and 35 which is aarea in the world.A.hot and wet
33、 B.hot and dryC.dry and windy D.dry and sunny47.In Australia,traffic drives on the of the road.A.single line B.middleC.right side D.left side48.In Australia,as people with different traditions and customsinteract with each other,a peculiar blend of differentwill be emerging.A.politics B.societiesC.c
34、ultures D.philosophies49.The Lake of Taupo was formed by a(n).A.big tsunami B.horrible floodC.terrible earthquake D.enormous volcanic eruption50.Since ,earthquakes in New Zealand do not usually causemany deaths.A.the land is hillyB.there are many mountain lakesC.many areas of the country are not hea
35、vily populatedD.the central plateau in North Island is dominated by 3 volcanicmountains第二部分第二部分 非选择题非选择题.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following Give a one-sentence answer to each of the followingquestions.Write your answer in the correspondi
36、ng space on thequestions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on theAnswer Sheet.(30 Points,3 points each)Answer Sheet.(30 Points,3 points each)51.What was one of the most far-reaching consequences of theSecond World War to Britain52.Who is the current heir to the British throne according to
37、 lawand convention53.What kind of service does the National HealthService(NHS)provide in the U.K.54.What does Oxbridge stand for55.What is the major difference between the Puritans and thePilgrims in American colonial times56.What important proclamation did Predident Lincoln issue tomake the Civil W
38、ar a just one57.What is the basic instrument of American government and thesupreme law of the land58.What is Americas most important patriotic holiday59.What is the name of the radio educational system through whichchildren learn their lessons in Australia60.Politically how many states and territori
39、es does Anstraliahave.TERM EXPLANATION.TERM EXPLANATIONExplainExplain eacheach ofof thethe followingfollowing termsterms inin English.WriteEnglish.Write youryour answeranswerin the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40words.(20 points,5 points each)61.Black Death62.Civil List64.The Cuban Missile Crisis