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1、句子成分定状补语01宾语补足语在复合宾语结构中,因为只有宾语，句子的意思不完整，因此宾语补足语对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。这样宾语补足语的位置一般就在宾语后面。常见结构：主语+谓语十宾语十宾语补足语They elected John Monitor.他们选举 John 为班长。（选举的对象是John,选举的结果是Monitor.那么Monitor就是宾语补足语。）We call him Iron Ox.我们称呼他为“铁牛”。（称呼的对象是him,称呼的结果是“铁牛”。那么J铁牛”就是宾语补足语。）一.主语十谓语十宾语+动词不定式1 .带to的不定式The teacher asks us to
2、work hard.老师要求我们努力学习。He wants me to help him.他想让我帮助他。The doctor warned him not to smoke.医生告诫他不 要吸烟。【拓展】带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词及短语有：ask, tell, like, want, invite, order, warn, wish, advise, beg, get, allow, want, encourage; wait for, call on, depend on, care for, long for.不带to的不定式I often hear him sing in hi
3、s room.我经常听见他在房间里唱歌。He often makes us laugh.他经常令我们大笑。【拓展】5.such an expensive/so expensive a.The man upstairs6 .(who is) playing the piano8.something interesting03状语状语是说明修饰动词的，如：动作在什么时间发生，什么地点发生，什么条件下 发生,为什么目的发生等；另外状语也可以修饰形容词或副词。状语的位置比较 灵活，可以放在句首.句中或者句末。一.状语的基本语法英语中的状语用来修饰动词.形容词或副词，主要由副词.词短语.动词不定式.分词
4、充当，或由连词引 导状语从句，.副词作状语We often help him.我们经常帮助他。I really dont like the food. =1 dont like the food 侬Uy.我真的不喜欢那个食物。He did his homework carefully at home.他在家认真地做着作业。1 .介词短语作状语Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在三楼.2 .动词不定式作状语Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Surnday,她母亲星期天出去买点东西。 （to do
5、some shopping 目的状语）He left so early as to catch the train他早早地离去,（结果）因此赶上了火车。（as to catch the train 是结 果状语）3 .现在分词作状语Being ill, he didn*t go to school.由于病了，他没有去上学。（Being ill现在分词作原因状语）4 .过去分词作状语The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师进至U教室里来，后面总艮着群 学生（followed by a g
6、roup of his students 作伴随状语）5 .状语从句When I grow up J am going to be a teacher.当我长大后，我想当一名教师。（when从句是时间状语；to be.是目的状语。）二.状语的分类.时间状语I often get up at 5： 30 in the morning.我常常在早上 5： 30 起床。1 .地点状语Pandas only live in China.熊猫仅生活在中国。2 .程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do.我有相当多的工作要做。3 .目的状语Well go to the be
7、ach for a picnic this Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。4 .方式状语We usually go to school on foot,我们通常步行去上5 .让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。6 .条件状语If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others.假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。7 .比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine.你的手表与我的不一样。8 .原因状语We didn
8、t go to the park because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。9 .结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风是如此地猛烈,以致于我们寸步难行。10 .伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。随堂练习一 .指出下列句子中的状语，并指出由什么来充当以及状语的类型1.1 wont go unless invited.2.She is ver
9、y beautiful.1.1 will go there tomorrow.4 .He works in this factory.5 .The boy is working hard to get a good mark.6 .Being ill, Tom didnt come to school today.7 .He had overslept so that he was late for work.8 . He spoke as if he had been there before.9 .Although the TV set is very dear, I still want
10、 to buy it.10 . Tm 10 years older than he.答案：1. unless invited过去分词作条件状语very副词作程度状语2. there副词作地点状语；tomorrow副词作时间状语in this factory介词短语作地点状语3. hard副词作方式状语；to get a good mark动词不定式短语作目的状语Being ill现在分词短语作原因状语4. so that he was late for work结果状语从句as if he had been there before方式状语从句5. Although the TV set is
11、 very dear让步状语从句than he比较状语从句二.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1 . （为了 过上幸福的日子），he had to work day and night.2 .Fve not got enough money （买个新手机）.3 . （从山顶上看），the city looks more beautiful.4 . （我一到达那儿）write an e-mail to you.5 .The book is so interesting （我已看了两遍）.6 .He is used to sleeping （开着灯）.7 . （尽管他很瘦），he is quite in
12、 good health.8 . （由当地导游领路），we found the place easily.9 .We must camp （我们能很容易得到水的地方）.10 .Youd better sell your car (趁着它没坏).答案：1.1 n order to lead a happy life.to buy a new cellphone2 .Seen from the top of the mountain.As soon as I arrive there/On arriving there4 .that I have read it twice.with the li
13、ght on5 .Although he is very thin.With the local guide leading the way6 .where we can get water easily.before it breaks down三.指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分.CDClass begins at eight.()().Thestory happened in London.() ().These apples taste sweet.() ().Lisht travels most quickly()()().He handed me the newspaper.().
14、He lives in a comfortable house.1 .The sun keeps us warm.()dont know what has told us.().This is the place where my mother was bom.().Come to visit me when youre free.()答案：1.主语谓语2.主语谓语3.主语表语4.主语谓语状语5.宾语6.定语7.补语8.宾语9定语10.状语带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：make, let, have; feel, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch,
15、 notice3.可带to也可不带to的不定式She often helps her mother (to) do some housework.她经常帮她妈妈做家务。二.主语+谓语+宾语十现在分词1.1 found the old man lying dead on the road.我发现 那位老头躺在路上死了。2.When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by a kind old woman.他醒来时，发现一位慈祥的老妇 人在照顾着他。三.主语+谓语+宾语十过去分词.We saw the road covered with s
16、now.我们看见路上覆盖着雪。1 .Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.因为没有电,所以许 多城镇和村庄都断了水。四.主语+谓语+宾语十形容词1.1 found the boy very clever.我发现那男孩很聪明。2.He pushed the door open.他把门推开。五.主语十谓语十宾语十名词.We called it Mimi.我们叫它咪咪。1 .They named the baby Beibei.他们给这个婴儿起名为“贝贝”。六.主
17、语+谓语十宾语十介词短语l.She always keeps everything in good order.她总是 把一切东西都放得整整齐齐。2.This left them without a ray of hope.这使他们失 去了 一切希望。七.主语十谓语+宾语+副词LHe found his teacher out when he called on him.他去拜访他的老师时，发现老师不在家。2.1 wonf t let you in.我是不会让你进去的。【提醒】有时候宾语补足语可以放在宾语前面。The two thieves forced open Room 102,那两个贼撞
18、开了 102 房间的门。(其中 Room 102 是宾语,open 是 宾语补足语)He let fly his arrow.他射出了箭。(其中his arrow是宾语,fly是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语)随堂练习一 .指出下列句子中的宾语补足语.We made Tom monitor.1 .We will make our country more beautiful.2 .You should keep your dog in.1.1 found him in Room 201.5 .He makes us work ten hours a day.6 .we heard her s
19、inging in the room.答案：1.monitor 2.more beautiful 3.in 4.in Room 201 5.work ten hours a day 6.singing in the room二用所给动词的正确形式填空1 .The teacher had her(recite) the text again.2 .He wants to have his eyes(examine)tomorrow.3 . Be careful, or youll have your hands(hurt).4 .He had the girl(stand) in the cla
20、ssroom the whole morning.5 .He had the walls(paint) this morning.6,We will have you(know) that the machinehas been made(work) at full speed.7 .Fve never heard the song(sing).8 .Do you smell something(burn)?9 .Tom saw his parents(get) into the car and(drive) off.10 .He was seen(drive)the car at high
21、speed on the highway yesterday.答案：1 .recite 2.examined 3.hurt 4.standing 5.painted6.know;to work 7.sung 8.burning 9.get;drive lO.to drive三.选择填空LFve had my radio so soon because my father had me it.A. repair; doneB. repaired; doC. repairing; doD. repaired; done2 .You can*t have the horse all the way.
22、 Its too hot.A. runB. to runC. runningD. to be running3 .The managers would like to see the plan next year.D. to carry outA. carry outB. carrying outC. carried out.-Did you hear her this pop song this time the other day?-Yes, and I heard this song in English.A. sing; singingB. sung: sungC. sung; sin
23、gingD. singing: sungsaw her when I cameA. cryB. to cryC. cryingD. cries答案:LB 2.C 3.C 4.D 5,C四.指出下列句子中的宾语补足语分别由什么充当1 .His father named him Dongming.2 .They painted their boat white.3 .Let the fresh air in.4 . You mustn*t force him to lend his money to you.5 .We saw her entering the room.6 .We found e
24、verything in the lab in good order.7 .We will soon make our city what your city is now.答案：1.名词2.形容词3.副词4.不定式短语5.现在分词6,介词短语7.从句02定语定语用来限定.修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰.限定作用的词.短语或句子,翻译时常用“的”表示。定语位置,如果是单个词组成的定语,般放在名词前面；而对于是介词.分词.不定式等或者是从句这样比较长的定语，则放在名词的后面。一 .定语的基本用法.代词作定语His father is a doctor.他父亲是一名医生。1 .数词作定
25、语Mr. Green has two sons.格林先生有两个儿子。2 .介词短语作定语The girl under the tree is Kate.在树底下的那个女孩是凯特，3 .副词作定语The man downstairs couldnt sleep well.楼下的那个人不能睡好觉，4 .形容词作定语I bought a new dictionary.我买 了 本新字典，5 .不定式作定语Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的东西吗？6 .现在分词作定语A barking dog seldom bites.吠狗很少咬人7 .过去分词作定语Th
26、e suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.送住委员会的建议被采纳了。8 .定语从句Do you know the man who is standing next to Ms. Green?你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗?二.后置定语L短语作定语一般后置(1)普通短语He gave me a basket full of eggs .他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。(full of eggs是定语)The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。(hardest to te
27、ach 是定语)(2)介词短语The boy under the tree is Tom.树下的那个男孩是汤姆。The tallest boy in our class is John.我们班最高的 那个男孩是约翰。（3）动词不定式.现在分词短语.过去分词短语I have something to say.我有要说的话。The boy crying over there is my classmate,在那边哭的那个男孩是我同学。The house built last year is impressive.去年建的那座 房子令人印象深刻。2 .修饰some, any, no. every等词
28、构成的不定代词的定语都后置Let s go somewhere gy辿,咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。There is nothing important in today7 s newspaper.今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。Do you have anything more to say?你还有什么话要说码？3 .副词作定语The people here are very friendly.这里的人很友好。They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。He went up to a policeman downstairs.他走到楼下的警察眼前。4 .动词.
29、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible结尾的形容词作定语He is a person dependable.他是一个可以依靠的人。This is the only transportation means available.这是唯一可行的交通工具。5 .起强调用的单个分词Everybody involved should stay here.有关人员应该留下来。the college mentioned 提及的大学People there are very friendly,那儿的人们很友好。6 .enough修饰名词可前置或后置,enough修饰形容词.副词时，必须后置。nearby可作形
30、容词.副词，因此修饰名词时也可前置或后置。I haven t got enough money. I can t afford it.（形容词作定语）We have time enough to do the work.（形容词短语作定语）You can t be careful enough.（副词作状语）随堂练习一 .指出下列句子中的定语,并指出由什么来充当.The old lady needs a walking stick.1 .China is a developing country, while America is a developed country.2 .The boy
31、in the classroom needs a pen of yours.3 .The boy sitting under the tree is Tom.4 .The people there are friendly to my parents.1.1 have a lot of things to deal with.7 .Would you please tell me something interesting?8 .There are five women teachers and three men teachers in the office.9.1ll never forg
32、et the days when we worked together.10.As is well known, the earth moves around the sun.答案：1. （old）形容词；（walking）动名词(developing)现在分词；(developed)过去分词2. (in the classroom)介词短语；(of yours)介词短语(sitting under the tree)现在分词短语3. (there)副词；(my)代词(a lot of)形容词短语；(to deal with)动词不定式短语4. (interesting)形容词(five)数词
33、；(women)名词；(three)数词；(men)名词5. (when we worked together) 定语从句(As is well known)定语从句二.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1 .Thank you for giving me some advice (有关如何学好一门外语).2.Our monitor is always the first student (进教室)and the last (离开教 室).3 .The car (她昨天买的)is made in Germany.4 .The woman (怀里抱着小孩的)is my aunt.5 . Ifs a pi
34、ty that I can*t afford (这么贵的)building.6 . (楼上的那个人)comes from France.7 .The boy (正在弹钢琴)is my cousin.8.1 want to tell you (一些趣事).答案：1 . on/about how to learn a foreign language well. to enter the classroom; to leave the classroom2 .(that/which) she bought yesterday.with a baby in her arms/who has a baby in her arms