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1、名校版高考英语语法专题非谓语 动词朗读下面短文，体会.领悟加黑部分是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作 什么成分。Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce this English speech contest. As we all know, to master a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part in an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn Eng
2、lish. Everyone wants to show their best. When we have been preparing for itz we can improve our listening and speaking ability, developing a good habit of learning English.In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made by us. First, you should make your voice heard cle
3、arly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.动名词作定语通常表示被修饰的名词的用途、性能或目的。在意义 上相当于名词+ for + doing。a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖a sleeping car = a car for
4、sleeping 卧铺车5.动名词的时态和语态形式意义主动语态 被动语态一般与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发doingbeing done式生完成先于谓语动词的动作完成having having been式donedone（三）分词的用法及构成 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语是逻辑 上的主谓关系，目含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语为 逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成的意义。1 .作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原 因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。分词作用法状语作时间 相当于when, while, before等引导的时间状语
5、从句。 状语作原因 相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。状语作条件 相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。状语作结果常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果。状语作方式表示一个与谓语动作同时发生的次要的（或者伴随的）动作，常用逗号或伴与句子主体部分隔开。随状语作让步相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。状语2 .作表语表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人或物的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please descri
6、be a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。3 .作定语Q)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing ;当被修饰的名词 与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done ; 当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用 done。I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影了。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师
7、的。The broken glass is Toms.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示 正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water 正沸腾的水boiled water 开水4 .作宾语补足语（1）感官动词或短语 see, watch, observe, look at, listen to, notice 及keep, find等词可跟分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语时， 宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时, 宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。I saw him ente
8、ring the bank. （him 与 enter 之间为逻辑上的主谓 关系）我看见他正进入银行。I saw him operated on. （him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关 系）我看见（有人）给他做了手术。（2）have, get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。They had the fire burning all night, （burn 动作一直在进行）他们让火整夜烧着。I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.（让另!人去修）明天我要让人修一下我的自行车。5 .现在分词的时态和语态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般与谓语动词的动作
9、同时或稍后发doingbeingdone式生完成先于谓语动词的动作完成havinghavingbeen式donedone（四）独立主格结构/With复合结构独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。在句中 一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，也可以作定语。1 .名词/代词（主格）+非谓语动词Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.（permit的逻辑主语是weather而非we）如果天气允许，我们明天就进行比赛。2 .名词/代词（主格）+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语The students were havi
10、ng a discussion, their faces （being） red with excitement.学生们正在进行讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。The boy came in, book in his hand.男孩走进来，手里拿着书。名师指津为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也 常省略。（五）with/without +名词/代词+宾补形容词/副词/名词/介词短语（动词不定式（表将来）集训中明晰考点（1）动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等；动词ing形式作状语，常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主 语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系；（3）动词不定式作结果状语时，
11、常表示意想不到的结果；而动词ing形 式作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果；（4）过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。但有 些形容词化的过去分词或短语既不表被动，也不表完成，而是表示一种 状态,如lost （迷路的）,seated （坐着的），hidden （隐瞒的）， lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）等；独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有 considering .（鉴于；考虑到）；generally speaking（一般来说）; judging by/from .（从来看;根据来判断）；supposing that .（假定 ）;providi
12、ng that （如果 ）;to tell the truth（说实 话）;to be honest（老实说）等。考点1非谓语动词作状语.Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over （plant） flowers in the front yard.解析：to plant分析句子结构可知，came over为谓语动词,本空应 该填非谓语形式，根据语境可知此处应该用不定式形式作目的状语。1 .Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time
13、and, in dry areas,（make） use of annual floods to irrigate （灌溉）their fields.解析：making根据句中的and可知，此空与planting并列，在本 句中作伴随状语，与句子主语they之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填 making。2 .The first is declining birth rates , which means old generations are large（compare） to younger generations , and so , on average , the population
14、becomes older than before.解析:compared分析句子结构可知 此处为非谓语动词M compare 与逻辑主语01d generations之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填 comparedo compared to是固定结构，意为与相比。3 .The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.解析：clapping句意：这位舞蹈演员的演出精彩绝伦，使观众在演出 结束时站起来鼓掌达10分钟之久。句中的the
15、 audience与cl叩之间 为主动关系，故用现在分词 构成have sb.doing sth.结构。实际上clap 伴随on its feet同时发生，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。故填 clappingo考点2非谓语动词作定语(1)不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作；(2)分词作定语,单个的词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，分词短语 放在所修饰的名词后。现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生, 过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性；在逻辑上被修饰的名词与 现在分词是主谓关系，与过去分词是动宾关系；动名词作定语只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途不表动作,
16、 被修饰的名词与动词ing形式在逻辑上没有主谓关系；(4)to be done, being done, done均可用作定语，且都表示被动意义, 其区别在于:to be done表示将来,being done表示目前正在发生, done表示过去已经发生。1 .This may be due to some disadvantages for people(live) in the countryside .解析：living分析句子结构可知，空处应填live的非谓语动词形式, 此处作people的后置定语；而people与live之间为主谓关系,故填livingo2 .Agriculture
17、 gave people their first experience of the power of technology(change) lives.解析：to change句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力 量。此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology ,故填to changeo. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly(design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.解析：designed分析句子结构可知
18、，teeth和design为逻辑上的动 宾关系，故应用过去分词designed。考点3非谓语动词作宾语 当like, love, hate, prefer与would, should连用时，其后只能接不定式；当begin, start本身为进行时态或后接know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式；表示需要的need, want和require后接动词ing形式的主动形 式或不定式的被动式都可以；(4)介词后不能直接用动词原形作宾语，通常要用动名词，但表示除 外的介词but和except后接动词作宾语要用不定式。若前面有行为 动词do的某种形式，其后
19、的不定式不带to ;若前面没有行为动词do 的某种形式，则其后的不定式通常带too.After(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!解析：spending分析句子结构可知，此处作介词after的宾语且主语 we与spend之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填spending。1 .Minimize the impact of
20、(visit) the place.解析visiting此处作介词of的宾语，要用动名词形式故填visiting。2 .Their answers also show that they dislike(talk) to others.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied with our performance. Thank you!用法体悟to introduce this English speech contest 是不定
21、式短语作真正 的主语，儿是形式主语。to master a foreign language是不定式短语作主语。Taking partspeech contest是动名词短语作主语。to learn English是不定式短语作定i巷，修饰wayoto show their best是不定式短语作宾语。listening and speaking是动名词作定道，修饰ability ,表示类 别。developing . learning English是现在分词短语作忧语。learning English是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。heard .
22、 everyone是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。解析：talking dislike后常跟动名词作宾语,表示习惯性、一般性的 动作。考点4非谓语动词作宾语补足语(1)分词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的关系。动宾关系用过去分词 作补语，主谓关系用现在分词作补语；(2)动词不定式作宾语补足语时需注意：一感、二听、三使、五看，这些 词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。l.But thats how nature is always leaving us (astonish).解析:astonished分析句式结构可知，leave后的us为其宾语成分， 此空应该为leave的宾语补足语形式，修饰u
23、s ,故用astonished 感 到惊讶的。2 .They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of goodfortune.解析：decorated see sth. done 看到某物被做”，此处表示“你 会很多次看到它们被红包和蕴含好运的留言装点着。them与 decorate是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。3 .And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clo
24、uds(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.解析：surrounding the soft clouds 与 surround 之间是主动关系， 且表示正在发生的情景，故用现在分词形式。考点5非谓语动词作主语和表语(1)非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语表 示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作；it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。(2)非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。 形容词化的分词作表语，动词ing形式表示“令人感到的，动
25、词- ed形式表示感到的。l.It is possible(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.解析：t。walk分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，空处为不定式形 式作真正的主语，表示步行或骑自行车走全程14公里这件具体的事2.1t is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become(educate) about the areas .解析：educated分析句子成分可知，become是系动词，此处应用 形容词作表语educated受过教育的 有
26、教养的。become educated about意为开始接受关于的教育。故填educated。3.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and(disappoint).解析：disappointed looked后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来 很焦急、很失望。故填disappointed。4.1ts no use(regret) what you have done.解析:regretting its no use/good doing 和 theres n
27、o use/good doing中都用动名词作真正的主语。考点6独立主格结构和with复合结构（1）独立主格结构：名词/代词主格（作逻辑主语）+不定式/分词/形容词/ 副词/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）；with复合结构：with +名词/代词（作逻辑 主语）+不定式/分词/形容词/副词/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）；(2)这两种结构中，动词不定式表示动作未发生；现在分词表示动作正在 进行且与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系；过去分词表示动作已完成且与逻辑 主语之间是动宾关系。l.AII of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with my mom (film)
28、 the annual event解析：filming此处是with复合结构作伴随状语,my mom和film 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系且表示正在进行，故用film的现在分词形式 filming02.1 had no choice but to keep still with my eyes tightly (close), listening to the knife moving on the pumpkin.解析：closed此处是with复合结构作伴随状语，my eyes的状态为 闭着的，故用closed表示闭着眼睛的。3.No agreement(reach), the represe
29、ntatives wanted another round of talks.解析：reached分析句子结构可知，逗号前后两部分之间没有连词, 且前后主语不一致，the representatives .talks为完整的句子， 故逗号前的部分为独立主格结构；且reach与其逻辑主语agreement 之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词reached0自测中查漏补缺I .单句语法填空l.With the pumpkin resting (rest) on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the
30、opening.2,To_help (help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.3.Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.4.When we
31、got a call saying (say)she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.5.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.6,Being_offered (offer) the opportunity to speak at the gr
32、aduation ceremony made me overjoyed.7 . He was reported to_have_received (receive) 80,000 yuan for offering a fourChinesecharacter answer on a payforknowledge platform.8 . Much work to_do (do)z I really feel at sea about what to begin with.口.完成句子. My wish is to travel around the world. J我的愿望就是周游世界。1
33、 . Dont pretend to_be_working_hard.Just do what you should do.不要假装在努力工作。做你该做的事情。2 . I still remember having been taken to the sea for the first time.我依然记得第一次被带到海边的情景。3 . Everything_considered/Everything_taken_into_consideration, _his plan seems better.从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎更好一些。4 . Have you read any short st
34、ories translated_by_Lu_Xun?你读过鲁迅翻译的短篇小说吗？m.语法填空The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (行政区)_1_ (bring) great resources to the local tourism industry in the past decade.The Torch (火把)Festival is one of the greatest traditional _2_ (festival) of Yi
35、people.lt _3_ (celebrate) from the 24th to 27th of the sixth lunar (阴历)month every year.In the eyes of the Yi people, fire is the symbol of light, _4_ is believed to have the ability to drive away insects and pests and protect the _5_ (grow) of crops.On the first day, Yi people sacrifice animals to
36、greet _6_ god of fire.The next day they hold many kinds of traditional activities, including wrestling, bullfighting _7_ horse racing.The atmosphere of the festival reaches the top on the last day.Dry pine sticks are used _8_ (make) the main torch at the center of the v川age.Meanwhile, people hold sm
37、all torches and gather around the main torch._9_ (accompany) by the unique singing of the Yi people, they dance around the fire.This festival has offered _1Q_ (many) chances to the development of this area than previous years.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了彝族最重要的传统节日 之火把节，介绍了其庆祝时间、背后的寓意以及一些节日活动等。1 .have broug
38、ht考查动词的时态。根据后文in the past decade 可知应用现在完成时,主语为The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs ,助动词用 haveo 故填 have broughto. festivals考查名词复数。festival为可数名词，此处为one of +形容词最高级+复数名词结构，由此可知应用复数。故填festivalso2 . is celebrated考查动词的时态和语态。根据后文every year可知 应用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词之间构成被动关系，故用一般现在时 的被动语态,主语为It,谓语动词用
39、单数。故填is celebratedo. which考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 fire，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。3 . growth考查名词。空处作宾语,表示“生长应用名词growth , 表抽象概念，不可数。故填growth。4 . the考查冠词。god在此处表特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。5 . and考查连词。摔跤斗牛和赛马为并列关系，应用 连词and。故填and。6 . to make考查非谓语动词。句意：干松枝被用来做村子中心的主 火炬。此处表示被用来做某事应用be
40、 used to do sth.。故填to makeo.Accompanied考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,accompany 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语they之间构成被动关系，故 应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Accompanied。7 . more考查比较级。根据后文than previous years可知表示 更多的应用比较级more。故填more。reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。to express yourself in English fluently 是不定式短语作息的状 SoSatisfied是形容词，作表语,意为“感到满意的。系
41、统中整合规则非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词与过去分词）。（一）动词不定式地用法及构成不定式由气。+动词原开夕构成，其否定形式是not to +动词原 形。不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变 化，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表 语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1 .作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，常用句式：It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.oTo see is to believe.眼见为实。It is important for us to live a low car
42、bon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。2 .作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;设法愿假装refuse, manage, care, pretend主动答应选计戈同意 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/begz help请求帮一帮(2)在某些动词如 find, think, consider, feel, make, believe 后,常 用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的
43、宾语。We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。3 .作表语不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。主 语是 aim, purpose, idea, intention, plan, wish, goal, dream, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。My dream is to enter Peking University.我的梦想是进入北京大学。4 .作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, fo
44、rce, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach 等。Father will not allow us to play in the street.父亲将不会允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词(短语)接省略t。的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen to),三使(let, have, make),五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at),半帮助(help),但在变为被 动语态时
45、需加tooNobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。5 .作定语序数词、最高级或no, all, any等修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last toleave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(2)某些抽象名词后,如 ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, p
46、romise, attempt, way等常用动词不定式作定语。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。名师指津Q)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。(2)如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或 代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。6 .作状语Q)作目的状语。表示为了，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as ,但so as to不能 置于句首。To increase levels of
47、 community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者计划。(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时前面加only ,以加强语气。常用于下列结构中：only to do . 结果却enough to do .足够做too . to do .太而不能做.so/such . as to .如止匕以至于(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时，后可接 不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因，常用于 这类结构的形容词有 sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish 等。Maggie was glad to be home in her own bed.玛吉很高兴回到家躺在自己的床上。7 .动词不定式的时态和语态完成式在谓语动词的动作之前发生to have done to have形式意义主动语态被动语 态一般式与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语 动词的动作之后发生to doto be don