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1、名校版 高考英语综合训练题含答案To the Sweden, there are few smells more attractive than surstromming （臭鳏鱼）.To most non-Sweden there are probably few smells more repulsive - the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like. In determining which smells people find pleasa
2、nt or not, surstromming suggests culture must play a size able part.New research, however, suggests that might not be the case. Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the University of Oxford, began with the expectation that cultur
3、e would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surstromming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful.To study how smell and culture re
4、late, the researchers presented ten smells. These smells varied from herb to isovaleric acid, the chemical responsible for smelly socks. More in-between smells, which the team thought might split opinions, includedoctanoic acid; and octenol, an earthy smell found in many mushrooms. The cultures doin
5、g the smelling varied widely too, including hunters, farmers and city folk.All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. The researchers found that pleasantness ran kings were remarkable consistent regardless of where people came from. Isovaleric acid was hated by the vas
6、t majority, only eight giving it a score of I to 3 (I was very pleasant and 10 was very unpleasant). On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of I to 3. Overall, the chemical composition of the smells explained 41 % of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural upbri
7、nging accounted for just 6 %Even so, while culture didnt shape perceptions (感知)of smells in the way that it shapes perceptions of faces, the researchers did find an “ eye of the beholder effect. Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside indiv
8、idual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.32. What does the underlined word repulsive“ mean in the first paragraph?A. Enjoyable.B. AwfulSpecial.C. Unusual.33. Which smell ranked first in terms of pleasantness?A. Octenol.B. Herb.C. Octanoic acid .D. Isovalericac
9、id.34. What plays a major role in the appreciation of smells?A. Personal taste.B. Cultural background.C. Life experience.D. Chemical composition.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. You Are What You SmelCulture determine SmellsB. One mans meat is another mans poisonSmells Are the Same as
10、 Beauty32. B 33. B 34. A 35. CAlmost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another.Choice , we are given to believe , is a right.But for a good many people in the world , in rich and poor countries zchoice is a luxury ,something wonderful but hard to get,
11、not a right.And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices , the whole system is merely an illusion , a false idea created by companies and advertisers , hoping to sell their products.The endless choices give birth to anxiety in people7 s lives.Buying something as basic as a
12、 coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people , ending in the shopper giving up and walking away , or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted.Recent studies in England have shownthat many electrical g
13、oods bought in almost every family are not really needed.More difficult decisionmaking is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the professionals z lifestyle instructors , or advisors.It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem , but the speed with which new types of
14、products come on the market.Advances in design and production help quicken the process.Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time.The typical example is computers , which are almost outofdate once they are bought.This indeed ma
15、kes selection a problem.Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice z no anxiety.8 . What does the author try to argue in Paragraph 1?A . The practice of choice is difficult.B . The right of choice is given but at a price.C . Choice and right exist a
16、t the same time.D . The exercise of rights is a luxury.9 . Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A . People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.B . Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.C . Companies and advertisers are often misleading a
17、bout the range of choice.D . Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.10 . By using computers as an example , the author wants to prove that.A . products of the latest design flood the marketB . competitions are fierce in hightech industryC . everyday goods need to be replaced oftenD . advanced products meet the needs of people11 . What is this passage mainly about?A . The opinions on people s right in different countries.B . The problems about the availability of everyday goods.C The helplessness in purchasing decisions.D . The variety of choices in modern society.ABAC