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1、名词性从句在英语句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句在复合句中可以充当主语，表语，宾语和同位语，因此根据句子在复合句中的语法功能，名词性从句可以分为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词包括从属连词，连接代词和连接副词。从属连词that, if, whether, because它们在句子中不充当句子成分，只起引导从句的作用(它们是从句的引导词)that没有实际意义，单纯作引导词。if和whether意思均为“是否”because因为，通常引导表语从句(常用句型Thats because)引导名词性从句时whether不能被if替代的情况引导介词后的宾语从句He
2、 is thinking about whether he should buy her a birthday gift. 他在考虑他是否应该给她买一份生日礼物。紧跟or not(if引导的从句中可用or not置于句尾)I dont know whether or not I can make it to the top. 我不知道我是否能够成功登顶。Im not sure if they can get to the top on time or not. 我不确定他们是否能按时到达山顶。引导主语从句置于句首(if引导的主语从句置于句末，句首由it作形式主语，)Whether or not
3、 you can do this well depends on how hard you will work on it. 你是否能做好此事取决于你在这件事上的努力程度。Whether you will join the club is up to you. 你是否参加俱乐部由你决定。Its impolite if you drop by without calling first. 如果你不先打电话就来访是没有礼貌的。引导表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether he can get there in time.(引导表语从句) 问题是他是否能及时到达那里。I h
4、ave no idea whether he would like to help us out.(引导同位语从句) 我不知道他是否愿意帮助我们摆脱困境。连接代词能够引导从句的代词，常用的有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。它们在其引导的从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。连接副词能够引导从句的副词，常用的有when, where, why, how, wherever等。它们在其引导的从句中充当句子成分，不能省略。主语从句在句子中起主语作用的从句that引导的主语从句that只起引导作用，不充当句子成分，没有实
5、际意义，通常不能省略。that引导的从句置于句首That he failed in the exam was unusual. 他考试不及格是不寻常的事情。it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语置于句末。Its+形容词+thatIts impolite that you didnt shake hands with him. 你没有和他握手是没有礼貌的。Its+名词(短语)+thatIts a pity that you were absent from the important meeting. 你缺席了那次重要的会议真是遗憾。It+be+动词过去分词+that(said, rep
6、orted, expected, believed,considered)Its said that the famous scientist will come to give a speech this weekend. 据说那位著名的科学家本周末会来作演讲。Its expected that the weather will get colder and colder in the near future. 据预计在不远的将来天气将变得越来越冷。It+特殊动词+thatIt seems that they have heard of the news. 他们好像已经听说了那个消息。It
7、happened that we were not in then. 碰巧的是那时我们不在家。whether引导的主语从句通常置于句首，有时由it作形式主语代替。(if引导的主语从句置于句末，it作形式主语用于句首)Whether or not you can get good grades this time depends on your hard work and good luck. 这次你是否能够取得好成绩取决于你的努力和好运气。It seems meaningless whether he will be able to get there on time or not. 他是否能
8、按时达到哪里似乎没有意义。Its uncertain if he will quit the job. 他是否辞职还不确定。连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句What you want is always better than what you have already got. 你想要的总是比你已拥有的好。Whoever drinks it will live forever. 喝掉它的人将永生。How we can deal with the situation is a big challenge. 我们如何应对这个情况是一个大的挑战。When he will leave for Par
9、is is not sure. 他何时前往巴黎还不确定。Where we can look up the writers address is still a problem. 我们在哪里可以查到作者的地址仍然是一个难题。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句。表语从句的引导词包括that，whether, because, 连接代词和连接副词等。that引导的表语从句The only problem is that theres nothing to do in the evening but read.Another example is that you are not supposed to
10、 eat anything with your hands except bread. 另一个例子就是除了面包，你不应该用手拿着吃任何东西。whether引导的表语从句The question is whether my parents agree with me. 问题是我的父母是否同意我的观点。because引导的表语从句Thats because he is more talented than any other student in our class. 那是因为他比我们班里其他任何学生都有才。连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句This is what we are intereste
11、d in. 这就是我感兴趣的东西。That is where we camped last weekend. 那就是我们上周末露营的地方。同位语从句它是解释说明某个名词内容的句子，总是跟在名词的后面。常用的一些表示抽象意义的名词: problem, question, idea, report, hope, order, news，fact, suggestion等。同位语从句的引导词主要有that, whether, 连接代词和连接副词等。Give me your promise that youll come to my birthday party this weekend. 答应我，本
12、周末你会来参加我的生日聚会。I have some doubt whether they can finish the task on time. 我怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。None of them are/is surprised at the news that he failed the exam. 对于他考试不及格的消息，他们中没有人感到惊讶。I have no idea how they can find out the answer to the question. 我不知道他们怎样才能找出问题的答案。He never gives up the hope that they c
13、an win the final game. 他从未放弃他们能够赢得决赛的希望。宾语从句在句子中作宾语的从句，宾语从句可以分为三类:动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词主要有三类:从属连词that(引导陈述句作宾语，可以省略), if, whether(引导一般疑问句作宾语，不能省略)连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what,whoever, whichever等。(引导特殊疑问句作宾语)连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever等。(引导特殊疑问句作宾语)动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以
14、接宾语从句I hope you can join us in the game.(引导词that略) 我希望你能和我们一起才加比赛。I asked him why he turned down her invitation.(引导词在宾语从句中作原因状语，不能省略) 我问他为什么拒绝了她的邀请。You should tell the visitors where they can get the cheapest gifts. (引导词在从句中作地点状语，不能省略) 你应该告诉游客他们在哪里能买到最便宜的礼物。一些短语动词或习语可以接宾语从句Could you point out where
15、the spelling mistakes are? 您能指出拼写错误在哪里吗？You should find out when the manager will leave for London tomorrow.你应该查明经理明天何时前往伦敦。Make sure there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in.(引导词that略) 在交卷前要确保你的卷子上没有错误。find, think, believe, feel等动词后有宾补时，用it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语置于句末(此用法引导词that不能省
16、略)。I think it necessary that we get some exercise every day. 我认为我们每天做一些运动是有必要的。He finds it quite difficult that he would avoid using products made in China. 他发现他想要避免使用中国制造的产品很难。介词的宾语从句一般都是由wh-类引导词引导的从句(引导词不能省略)He is interested in what she is talking about. 他对她谈论的事情感兴趣。They are talking about where an
17、d when they will go on vacation. 他们正在谈论何时去哪里度假。形容词的宾语从句表示态度或情感的形容词sure, glad, happy, afraid, surprised等后面可以接宾语从句。I am sure that you can achieve your dreams by working hard. 我确信你们通过努力工作能够实现你们的梦想。Im very glad that all of you can have great fun at the party. 聚会上你们大家都玩得非常开心，我很高兴。Shes surprised that a fr
18、iend of hers refused to join the swimming club. 她的一个朋友拒绝加入游泳社团让她感到惊讶。宾语从句的注意事项宾语从句用陈述语序，引导词置于句首。宾语从句的时态要遵循下列原则主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何适当的时态。She says that she has been to Mount Tai twice. 她说她去过泰山两次。She says that her family are going to France for summer vacation. 她说她的家人要去法国度暑假。主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。He said
19、that he was taking a shower then.(从句用了过去进行时) 他说那时他在洗淋浴。The teacher expected that all his students would pass the entrance examination.(从句用了过去将来时) 那位老师预计他所有的学生都会通过这次入学考试。从句是表达客观事实，普遍真理和规律时，用一般现在时，不管主句用什么时态。The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound in the air. 老师告诉我们，在空气中光比声音传播快得多。
20、She said that her father is thirty-one years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大31岁。He said that he usually gets up at 5:30 am and goes to bed at 9 pm. 他说他通常早上五点三十分起床，晚上九点上床睡觉。宾语从句中的否定转移(从句的否定形式转移到主句，翻译时否定意义在从句。)句子中使用“否定转移”的三个要素如下:主句时态是一般现在时主语是I或we主句的谓语动词通常为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, consider等。I dont believe that she is telling a lie.(反义疑问句is she?) 我相信她没有在撒谎。I dont think that she will be able to finish the task in such a short time.(反义疑问句will she?) 我认为她在那么短的时间里将不能完成任务。She didnt expect that her parents would appear at the party.(反义疑问句did she?) 她没有料想到她的父母会出现在聚会上。(本句中不存在否定转移) 5