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1、Unit 1Where did yougo on vacation?简单句(特殊疑问句)主谓(地状)(句子结构按照陈述语序排列)主you人称代词谓did go on vacation(助动词+短语动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语地状where疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句。Section A-2dHi, Helen. Long time no see.hi感叹词(int.)Helen专有名词(呼语)long time no see习语Hi, Rick. Yes, Iwason vacationlastmonth.Yes副词(独立成分)简单句主系表(时状)主I人称代词系was系动词(is的过去式)表o
2、n vacation(介词+单数名词)介词短语时状last month(形容词/定语+单数名词)名词短语(last形容词“最近的，上一个的，刚过去的”)Oh, did yougoanywhere interesting?oh感叹词(独立成分)简单句(一般疑问句)主谓(地状)主you人称代词主格谓did go(助动词+不及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语地状anywhere interesting副词短语(不定副词的“定语”后置，严格来说是形容词作状语)Yes, Iwentto Guizhouwithmyfamily.简单句主谓(地状)(方状)主I人称代词主格谓went不及物动词(go的过去式
3、)地状to Guizhou(介词+专有名词)介词短语方状with my family(介词+名词短语/宾语)介词短语(或者理解为伴随状语)my family(形容词性物主代词/定语+集体名词)名词短语作介词宾语Wow！Did youseeHuangguoshu Waterfall?wow感叹词(int.)简单句主谓宾主you人称代词主格谓did see(助动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾Huangguoshu Waterfall专有名词(注意无the)tip：由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般加定冠词the。比如the Great Wall(长城)；the Peoples Republ
4、ic of China(中华人民共和国)。当专有名词以地名开头时，比如Peking University(北京大学), Beijing International Airport(北京国际机场)不加定冠词the。但是要注意下列表达：the University of PekingYes, Idid. 简单句主语+助动词(助动词do可以代替上文的谓语动词或者是谓语部分)Itwaswonderful! 简单句主系表主it人称代词(指物)系was系动词(is的过去式)表wonderful(adj.)形容词Wetookquite a fewphotosthere.简单句主谓宾(地状)主we人称代词主格
5、谓took及物动词(take的过去式)宾quite a fewphotos(习语/形容词短语/定语+复数名词)名词短语地状there(地点)副词What about you? 省略句what about(习语)+宾语(人称代词宾格)Did youdoanythingspeciallast month?简单句主谓宾(时状)主you人称代词主格谓did do动词短语作复合谓语宾anythingspecial不定代词(及其后置定语)时状last month名词短语special形容词作后置定语(修饰不定代词)(adj.转化为n.特殊的人或物：特价商品，特色菜，特使)Not really. 省略句(r
6、eally用于否定句减弱语气)Ijust stayedat homemostof the timeto read and relax.简单句主谓(地状)(时状)(目状)主I人称代词主格谓stayed不及物动词地状at home介词短语(介词+名词)时状most of the time代词(及其定语)目状(目状1 and目状2)to read and (to略) relax(不定式)并列结构(and连接两个并列的不定式作目的状语)just副词作状语，起强调谓语作用。Section A-3aDid youdoanythingfunon your vacation?简单句主谓宾(时状)主you人称代
7、词主格谓did do(助动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾anythingfun不定代词时状onyourvacation介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)Yes, I did.简单句主谓Iwentto Sanya.简单句主谓(地状)地状to Sanya介词短语(介词+专有名词/宾语)How did youlikeit?简单句(特殊疑问句)主谓宾(程度状语)谓did like(助动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾it人称代词(特指)程度状语how疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句(同how much)Well, itwasmy/firsttimethere, so everythingw
8、asreally interesting.well感叹词(独立成分)so连接两个并列分句分句1主系表(地状)表语my / firsttime名词短语(形容词性物主代词/定语1+形容词/定语2+单数名词)地状there(地点)副词so并列连词，连接并列句，表示因果关系(分句1表示因，分句2表示果)。分句2主系表主everything不定代词表really interesting形容词短语(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)Did yougowith anyone?简单句主谓(方状)Yes,I did. 简单句主谓Iwentwithmysister.简单句主谓(方状)Did yougo shopping
9、?简单句主谓(go doing结构作谓语主动词)Of course! Iboughtsomethingformyparents, but nothingfor myself.of course介词短语作插入语(评注状语)but连接两个并列分句(but是并列连词，连接并列句表示转折关系。也可以置于句首连接一个分句)分句1主谓宾(地状)(for引出间接宾语)地状formyparents介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)(状语表明动作的受益者)分句2(I bought/主谓略)宾(地状)地状for myself介词短语(介词+反身代词/宾语)Why didnt youbuyanythingfor yo
10、urself?简单句(特殊疑问句)主谓宾(地状)(因状)Ididnt really seeanythingI liked.主句主谓宾谓didnt see(助动词否定形式+及物动词)动词短语作复合谓语(强调副词如just,really,only等和频度副词always,often等在句中强调谓语动词时，因它们和主动词关系密切，在划分句子成分时可以作为谓语动词短语的一部分)宾anythingI liked不定代词(及其后置定语)定语从句(anything/先行词)(that/关系代词/宾语略)主谓really副词(adv.)事实上，真正地(用来强调实际情况)(本句用来强调谓语)Section A-
11、3bHow wasyourvacation?简单句主系表Did youdoanythinginteresting?简单句主谓宾Did everyonein the familygowith you?简单句主谓(方状)in the family(介词+名词短语)介词短语作后置定语修饰不定代词Iwentto afriendsfarmin the countrysidewith my family.简单句主谓(地状)(方状)afriendsfarmin the countryside名词短语作介词to宾语(不定冠词+名词所有格/前置定语+单数名词+介词短语/后置定语)Everythingwasgre
12、at.简单句主系表Wefedsomehens and sawsome/babypigs.简单句主谓1宾1 and谓2宾2and并列连词，连接两个并列的谓语部分宾2some/babypigs名词短语(形容词/定语1+形容词/定语2+复数名词)Theywereso cute.简单句主系表表语so cute(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)形容词短语Theonlyproblemwas【that therewasnothing muchto doin the eveningbut read】.主句主系表(从句充当表语)主语the only problem名词短语(定冠词+形容词/定语+单数名词)【表语从句
13、】that(从属连词)there+was+主语+(时间状语)+(条件状语)主语nothing much to do习语+不定式/后置定语(nothing much“不太多的事，不重要的事”)条件状语but read介词短语but介词(prep.)“除了”(本句后接动词原形因为前面的句子中有do的存在)Still no oneseemed to bebored.still连接一个简单句主谓表(系表结构是复合谓语)still连接副词，作连接状语“尽管如此，然而”主no one不定代词谓seemed to be(半助动词+不定式)动词短语作复合谓语表bored(adj.)形容词Bye for now
14、!省略句(就此止笔)Section B-2bIarrivedin Penangin Malaysiathis morningwithmyfamily.简单句主谓(地状)(时状)(方状)主I人称代词(第一人称单数主格)谓arrived不及物动词地状in Penangin Malaysia介词短语(in Malaysia介词短语作后置定语修饰专有名词Penang)时状this morning名词短语(指示代词/定语+单数名词)方状withmyfamily介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)ltwassunny and hot, so we decidedto go to the beachnear o
15、ur hotel. so连接两个并列分句分句1主系表主it人称代词系was表语sunny and hot(形容词)并列结构(and连接两个并列的形容词作表语/表1 and 表2)分句2主谓宾主we人称代词(第一人称复数主格)谓decided及物动词宾语to+ go+ to the beachnear our hotel不定式短语(to+不及物动词+介词短语/地点状语)nearourhotel介词短语作后置定语(介词+名词短语/宾语)My sister and ltriedparagliding.简单句主谓宾主语My sister and l并列结构作主语(and连接一个名词短语和人称代词主格作
16、主语/主1 and主2)谓tried及物动词宾paragliding不可数名词(滑翔伞运动)lfelt【like lwasa bird】.主句主系表(从句充当表语)【表语从句】like(引导词/从属连词)主系表表a bird名词短语(不定冠词+单数名词)ltwasso exciting. 简单句主系表表so exciting(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)形容词短语作表语For lunch, wehadsomethingvery specialMalaysian / yellow noodles. 简单句(条件状语)主谓宾插入语条件状语for lunch介词短语(介词+不可数名词)谓had及物动
17、词(have的过去式)宾somethingvery special不定代词(及其定语)插入语Malaysian / yellow noodles名词短语(形容词/定语1+形容词/定语2+复数名词)Theyweredelicious. 简单句主系表In the afternoon, werodebicyclesto Georgetown. 简单句(时状)主谓宾(地状)Therearea lot of/newbuildingsnow, but manyof the old buildings are stillthere. but连接两个并列分句分句1(there be句型)there are+主
18、语+(时状)分句2主系(时状)表(still副词作时间状语)In Weld Quay, areally old placein Georgetown, wesawthe houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. 简单句(地状)主谓宾地状In Weld Quay介词短语(介词+专有名词)主we人称代词谓saw及物动词(see的过去式)宾the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago名词短语a really old place in Georgetown名词短语作同位语of theC
19、hinesetradersfrom 100 years ago介词短语作定语修饰houses。from 100 years ago介词短语作定语(修饰traders)100years名词短语作程度状语修饰副词ago100数词(num.)作定语修饰复数名词years。Iwonder【what lifewaslikeherein the past】. 主句主谓宾(从句充当宾语)【宾语从句】what(连接代词/介宾)主系表(地状)(时状)主life不可数名词系was表like what介词短语(介词+疑问代词/宾语)地状here(地点)副词时状in the past介词短语(介词+名词短语)Irea
20、lly enjoyedwalking around the town.简单句主谓宾宾语walking around the town(不及物动词的动名词+介词短语/地点状语)动名词短语really副词作状语，起强调作用。(真正地，真地)What a difference a daymakes! 简单句(感叹句)主谓宾宾语what a difference名词短语(what是前置限定词/感叹句的引导词)Myfather and Idecidedto go to Penang Hill today. 简单句主谓宾宾语to+ go+ to Penang Hill+ today不定式短语(to+不及物
21、动词+介词短语/地状+副词/时状)Wewantedto walk up to the top, but then itstartedraining a little so we decidedto take the train. but then和so连接的并列句(but then“不过”用法同and then作为句子连接词用)分句1主谓宾(不定式短语作宾语)宾to walk up to the top(to+不及物动词+副词/地状1+介词短语/地状2)分句2主谓宾(动名词短语作宾语)宾raining a little(不及物动词的动名词+副词短语/程度状语)分句3主谓宾(不定式短语作宾语)宾
22、to take the train(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语)Wewaitedover an hourfor the train because there weretoo manypeople .主句主谓(时状)(目状)时状over an hour介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)目状for the train介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)原因状语从句because(从属连词)there were/谓语+主语主语too manypeople 名词短语(形容词短语/定语+复数名词)When wegotto the top, itwas rainingreally hard. 主句主谓(方
23、状)主it人称代词(天气)谓was raining(助动词+不及物动词的现在分词)动词短语作复合谓语方式状语really hard(程度副词/程度状语+方式副词)副词短语时间状语从句when(从属连词)主谓(地状)Wedidnt havean umbrella so we werewet and cold. so连接两个并列分句分句1主谓宾分句2主系表(形容词并列结构作表语)Itwasterrible! 简单句主系表And because of thebadweather,we couldnt seeanythingbelow.and连接一个分句(简单句)(因状)主谓宾原因状语because
24、of thebad weather介词短语(短语介词+名词短语/宾语)主we人称代词谓couldnt see(情态动词否定形式+及物动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾anythingbelow不定代词(及其定语)Myfatherdidnt bringenoughmoney, so weonly hadone bowl ofrice andsomefish. so连接两个并列分句分句1主谓宾分句2主谓宾(并列结构作宾语)宾one bowl ofrice andsomefish(宾1 and 宾2)并列结构宾1one bowl ofrice 名词短语(形容词短语/定语+不可数名词)宾2somefish名词
25、短语(形容词/定语+不可数名词)only副词作状语，起强调谓语作用The foodtastedgreat because I wasso hungry!主句主系表原因状语从句because(从属连词)主系表(形容词短语作表语)Section B-2dCompletethe conversationabout Janes trip to Penangusing the informationin the diary entries.简单句(祈使句)谓宾(方状)宾语the conversationabout Janes trip to Penang名词短语(定冠词+单数名词+介词短语/后置定语)J
26、anes+trip+to Penang(名词所有格/前置定语+单数名词+介词短语/后置定语)名词短语作介词about宾语方式状语using+the informationin the diary entries现在分词短语(及物动词的现在分词+名词短语/宾语)Where did yougo on vacationlast week?简单句主谓(地状)(时状)(按陈述语序排列句子结构)Iwentto Penangin Malaysia.简单句主谓(地状)Who did yougowith?简单句主谓(方状)Iwentwithmyfamily.简单句主谓(方状)What did youdo?简单句
27、主谓宾The weatherwashot and sunnyon Monday, so wewent paraglidingon the beach.so连接两个并列分句分句1主系表(时状)分句2主谓(地状)Then in the afternoon, werodebicyclesto Georgetown.then连接一个简单句(时状)主谓宾(地状)Sounds great!简单句(主略)系表But thenextdaywas notas good.but连接一个简单句主系表主thenextday名词短语(定冠词+形容词/定语+单数名词)表as good形容词短语(程度副词/程度状语+形容词
28、)My father and Iwentto Penang Hill,but the weatherwasreally bad and rainy.but连接两个并列分句分句1主谓(地状)分句2主系表表really bad and rainy并列结构(表1/形容词短语 and 表2/形容词)表1really bad形容词短语(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)Wewaitedfor alongtimefor the train and wewerewet and cold because weforgotto bring an umbrella.and连接两个并列分句分句1主谓(时状)(目状)分句2
29、复合句主句主系表原因状语从句because(从属连词)主谓宾宾to bring an umbrella不定式短语(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语)And thats notall.and连接一个简单句主系表(代词all作表语)Wealso didnt bringenoughmoney, so weonly hadone bowl ofrice andsomefish.so连接两个并列分句分句1主谓宾(also副词作连接状语，起强调作用)分句2主谓宾Section B-2eImagine 【Janewentto Penang Hill again and hadagreatday】.主句(主略)
30、谓宾(从句充当宾语)【宾语从句】(that/从属连词略)主谓1(地状1)(时状1) and 谓2宾2Fill inthe blanksin her diary entrywith thecorrectforms of the verbsin brackets.简单句(主略)谓宾(方状)谓fill in(动介)短语动词Todaywasabeautifulday.简单句主系表Myfather and Iwent to Penang Hillagain, but thistimewe walkedto the top.but连接两个并列分句分句1主谓(地状)(时状)分句2(时状)主谓(地状)时状th
31、is time名词短语(指示代词/定语+单数名词)Westartedat 9:30 a.m. and sawlots of/ special/ Malaysianflowers along the way.简单句主谓1(时状1) and 谓2宾2(地状2)宾2lots of/ special/ Malaysianflowers名词短语(形容词短语/定语1+形容词/定语2+形容词/定语3+复数名词)About one hour later, westopped and drank sometea.简单句(时状)主谓1 and谓2宾2about one(大约一个)(“about+数词”是大约数表示
32、法，about是副词作程度状语修饰数词)数词作定语修饰单数名词hour。about one hour名词短语作程度状语修饰副词laterabout one hour later副词短语作时间状语Then wewalkedforanother/twohours before wegotto the top.then(连接副词)连接一个复合句主句主谓(时状)another two hours名词短语作介词for宾语(形容词/定语1+基数词/定语2+复数名词)(同two more/other hours)时间状语从句before(从属连词)主谓(地状)Iwasquite tired but the
33、city lookedwonderfulfrom the topof the hill!but连接两个并列分句分句1主系表表语quite tired(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)形容词短语分句2主系表(地状)Self Check 1Did anyonego on vacationwith you lastmonth?简单句主谓(方状)(时状)Yes,myfamilywentto the countrysidewith me.简单句主谓(地状)(方状)Did yourfamilygoto the beachwith you lastweekend?简单句主谓(地状)(方状)(时状)No onef
34、rom my familywent, but myfriendwentwith me.but连接两个并列分句分句1主谓分句2主谓(方状)Ididnt bring backanythingfrom Malaysia.简单句主谓宾(地状)谓didnt bring back(助动词否定形式+短语动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语Nothing at all? 省略句Why not?省略句Did youbuyanythingin theshoppingcenter?简单句主谓宾(地状)(动名词作定语表示用途)No, I didnt. 简单句主谓Everythingwasvery expensive.简单
35、句主系表表语very expensive(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)形容词短语How was thevolleyballgameyesterday?简单句主系表主语thevolleyballgameyesterday名词短语(定冠词+不可数名词/前置定语+单数名词+时间副词/后置定语)Great(省略句)! Everyonehadafuntime!简单句主谓宾Self Check 2LastAugust, ourclassdid somethingvery specialonour/schooltrip.简单句(时状1)主谓宾(时状2)very special(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)形
36、容词短语作后置定语Wewentto Mount Tai.简单句主谓(地状)Westartedourtripat 12:00at night.简单句主谓宾(时状)Everyonein our classtooka bagwith some food and water.简单句主谓宾Aftethreehours someonelooked atthe map and found out 【we werentanywhere near the top】.主句(时状)主谓1宾1and谓2宾2(从句充当宾语2)【宾语从句】(that/从属连词略)主系表not anywhere nearIDM(习语)一点
37、儿都不靠近一点也不(=not at all)I dont think he is anywhere near honest.(我觉得他一点儿都不诚实)Mylegswereso tired that I wantedto stop.主句主系表结果状语从句sothat(从属连词)主谓宾Myclassmatestoldmeto keep going, so Iwent on.so连接两个并列分句分句1主谓宾宾补分句2主谓Everyonejumpedup and downin excitement.简单句主谓(方状1)(方状2)Twentyminutes later, the sunstartedto
38、 come up.简单句(时状)主谓宾twenty minutes(数词/定语+复数名词)名词短语作程度状语修饰副词laterItwasso beautiful that weforgot aboutthelast/fivehours.主句主系表结果状语从句sothat(从属连词)主谓宾Learn moreIwentto the mountainswithmyfamily.简单句主谓(地状)(方状)Wewent fishing,but wedidnt getanyfish.but连接两个并列分句分句1主谓分句2主谓宾Ilovetheirhome cooking.简单句主谓宾The giftsa
39、t the shop were very expensive, but Idid buysomethingformy/bestfriend.but连接两个并列分句分句1主系表分句2主谓宾(地状)Iboughtmy/favoritefrienda hat.简单句主谓间宾直宾Did yougo outwith anyone?简单句主谓(方状)Were they friendly?简单句主系表Did you keep a diary?简单句主谓(keep a diary短语动词作谓语的主动词)Whatactivities do youfindenjoyable?简单句主谓宾宾补(含“find+宾语+
40、宾补”结构)谓do find(助动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾what activities名词短语(合成疑问词，引导特殊疑问句)宾补enjoyable形容词How was the weather?简单句主系表How did youfeelabout thistripto London?简单句主谓(结构主干)谓did feel(助动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语方式状语how疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句方面状语about this trip to London介词短语feel(vt.)以为，认为(to have an opinion)What did youdislikeb
41、est?简单句主谓宾(程状)best副词作程度状语(同most)Writeatraveldiarylike Janes on page 5.简单句(主略)谓宾on page 5介词短语作后置定语修饰Janeslike Janes on page 5介词短语作后置定语修饰名词短语a travel diarytravel名词作定语修饰diary。Youare(all)foreignerson vacation / in China.简单句主系(同)表all代词作主语的同位语在句中位置“行前系后，情助后”；作宾格人称代词的同位语时位于其后。Youmeeteach otherat the airport onyourwayhome.简单句主谓宾(地状1)(地状2)Marywentto summer camp and visited a fewmuseumsin the famous citywithher/bestfriend (Xuanyuan Zitong) last month.简单句主谓1(地状1) and谓2宾2(方状2)(时状)