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1、Unit 1句子成分主语subject(S)谓语verb(V)宾语object(O)直接宾语direct object(DO)间接宾语indirect object(IO)表语predicative(P)补语complement(C)状语adverbial(A)How can webecomegoodlearners?简单句主谓表（SVP）主we人称代词(第一人称主格复数)谓can become(情态动词+连系动词/主动词)动词短语(复合谓语)表good learners 名词短语(形容词/定语+复数名词)方状how 疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句。Section A-2dAnnie, Iama l
2、ittle nervous. Annie专有名词作呼语(独立成分)简单句主系表(SVP)主I 人称代词系am系动词be的第一人称单数形式表a little + nervous 形容词短语(副词短语/程度状语+形容词)a little副词短语作程度状语Ihave to finishreading a book and givea reportnext Monday.简单句主谓1宾1 and谓2宾2(时状2)主I谓1have to finish(情态动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾1reading + a book动名词短语(及物动词的动名词+名词短语)and并列连词(连接两个并列的谓
3、语部分)谓2( have to)give动词短语作复合谓语宾2a report名词短语(不定冠词+单数名词)时间状语2next Monday名词短语作状语(形容词+单数名词)Thatdoesnt soundtoo bad.简单句主谓表主that 指示代词谓doesnt sound 动词短语(助动词否定形式+系动词/主动词)作复合谓语表too bad形容词短语(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)But Iamavery slowreader.but(并列连词)连接一个分句(简单句)主系表(but加强语气)表a + very slow + reader名词短语(不定冠词+形容词短语/定语+单数名词)ve
4、ry slow(程度副词/程度状语+形容词)形容词短语作前置定语Just readquicklyto get themainideas at first. 简单句(祈使句)(主略)谓(方状)(目状)just副词作状语(起强调作用)quickly副词作方式状语to+ get+ the main ideas+ at first不定式短语作目的状语(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语+介词短语/时状)the main ideas(定冠词+形容词/定语+复数名词)名词短语作get(及物动词)宾语at first介词短语作时间状语Dont readword by word.(祈使句)谓(方状)谓dont r
5、ead(助动词否定形式+不及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语方状word by word名词短语Readwordgroups.(祈使句)谓宾谓read及物动词宾word groups名词短语(单数名词/定语+复数名词)word名词作定语(常用单数形式)But Idont understandmanyof the words. but连接一个分句(简单句)主谓宾主I人称代词(第一人称主格单数)谓dont understand(助动词否定形式+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾many of the words代词(及其定语)of the words介词短语作后置定语Ihave to use
6、a dictionary.简单句主谓宾(SVO)主I谓have to use(情态动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾a dictionary名词短语(不定冠词+单数名词)Tryto guessa wordsmeaning by reading the sentencesbefore and after it . 简单句(祈使句)(主略)谓宾谓try及物动词宾to+ guess+ a words meaning+byafter it不定式短语(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语+介词短语/方式状语)by连接的介词短语作方式状语修饰guessreading + the sentencesbe
7、fore and after it(及物动词的动名词+名词短语/宾语)动名词短语作介词by的宾语a words名词所有格作定语before (it)and after it(介词短语)并列结构作后置定语Youprobably understandmore than you think.主句主(程状1)谓(程状2)主you谓understand不及物动词程状1probably副词(形容词probable)程状2more + than you think副词短语(副词+比较状语/从句)比较状语从句than(引导词/从属连词)主谓Thatsoundsdifficult!(主系表)Well, be p
8、atient. well感叹词，独立成分祈使句(主略)系表Ittakestime.简单句主谓宾主it人称代词谓take及物动词宾time不可数名词Youcan becomebetterby reading somethingyou enjoy every day. 主句主谓表(方状)(SVPA)主you人称代词谓can become(情态动词+连系动词)动词短语作复合谓语表better形容词比较级方式状语(byday)介词短语定语从句(something/先行词)(that关系代词/宾语略)主谓主you人称代词谓enjoy及物动词every day名词短语(在动名词短语中)作时间状语The m
9、ore youread, the faster youwill be.从句(原因) the more(引导词/状语)主谓主句(结果)the faster(表语)主谓 will be(助动词+系动词)动词短语作复合谓语Section A-3aHow ILearnedto Learn English简单句主谓宾主I谓learned及物动词宾to learn English不定式短语(to+及物动词+专有名词/宾语)方状how疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句Lastyear, Idid not likemy / Englishclass. 简单句(时状)主谓宾主I谓did not like动词短语(复合谓语
10、)宾my + English + class名词短语(形容词性物主代词/定语1+形容词/定语2+单数名词)last year(形容词/定语+单数名词)名词短语作时间状语Everyclasswaslike a baddream. 简单句主系表主every class名词短语(形容词/定语+单数名词)系was系动词(is的过去式)表like+ a bad dream介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)a bad dream(不定冠词+形容词/定语+单数名词)名词短语作介词宾语The teacherspokeso quickly that Idid not understandher most of t
11、he time. 主句主谓(方状)主the teacher名词短语(定冠词+单数名词)谓spoke不及物动词(speak的过去式)so quickly(程度副词/程度状语+方式副词)副词短语作方式状语结果状语从句sothat(引导词/从属连词)主谓宾(时状)主I人称代词（第一人称单数主格)谓did not understand动词短语作复合谓语宾her人称代词宾格时状most of the time代词(及其定语)Iwasafraid to ask questions because ofmy / poorpronunciation . 简单句主系表(因状)主I系was表afraid + to
12、 ask questions形容词短语(形容词+不定式短语/原因状语)to ask questions(to+及物动词+复数名词/宾语)不定式短语作原因状语修饰afraid原因状语because of my / poorpronunciation介词短语（短语介词名词短语/宾语)本句也可以理解为“主谓宾(因状)”be afraid to do当作复合谓语 be+ adj./prep./过去分词(半助动词)+ to do结构当作复合谓语，有利于更清晰地理解句子结构，常用半助动词+to do作复合谓语: be able to do / be ready to do / be about to do
13、 /be going to do /be sure to do /be supposed to do Ijust hidbehindmytextbook and never saidanything.简单句主谓1(地状1) and (频状2)谓2宾2主I谓1hid不及物动词(hide的过去式)just副词作状语，起强调(谓1)作用。地状1behind my textbook介词短语(介词+名词短语)and连接两个并列的谓语部分谓2said及物动词(say的过去式)宾2anything不定代词 never副词作频度状语(修饰谓2 said)ThenonedayIwatchedanEnglishm
14、oviecalled Toy Story. then连接一个简单句(时状)主谓宾主I谓watched及物动词宾anEnglishmoviecalled Toy Story名词短语(不定冠词+形容词/前置定语+单数名词+过去分词短语/后置定语)called Toy Story过去分词短语作后置定语then(连接副词)作连接状语one day(基数词/定语+单数名词)名词短语作时间状语Ifell in love withthis / exciting and funnymovie!简单句主谓宾主I谓fell in love with短语动词宾this+exciting and funny+ mov
15、ie名词短语（指示代词/定语1并列结构/定语2单数名词）exciting and funny(形容词)并列结构作定语(and连接两个并列的形容词作定语)So Ibeganto watchother / Englishmovies， too. so连接一个分句(简单句)主谓宾连状主I谓began及物动词(begin的过去式) 宾to + watch + other English movies不定式短语(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语)other English movies名词短语作动宾(形容词/定语1+形容词/定语2+复数名词)too副词作连接状语(起强调作用)Although Icould
16、 not understandeverythingthe characters said,their body language and the expressionson their faces helped me to get the meaning.主句结构主谓宾宾补(SVOC)主theirfaces并列结构作主语and连接两个并列名词短语作主语(主1 and 主2)主1their body language名词短语(形容词性物主代词/定语+名词短语)body单数名词短语作定语主2the expressionson their faces名词短语(定冠词+复数名词+介词短语/后置定语)谓
17、helped及物动词宾me人称代词宾格宾补to get the meaning不定式短语(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语)ontheirfaces介词短语做后置定语(介词+名词短语/介宾)让步状语从句(复合句)although(引导词/从属连词)主句主谓宾主I谓could not understand(情态动词否定形式+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾everythingthe character said不定代词(及其定语)定语从句( everything/先行词)(that关系代词/宾语略)主谓Ialso realized【Icould getthe meaningby listen
18、ing for just thekeywords】. 主句主谓宾(从句充当宾语)主I谓realized及物动词also副词作状语(强调谓语)宾从句充当【宾语从句】(that引导词/从属连词略)主谓宾(方状)主I谓could get(情态动词+及物动词/主动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾the meaning名词短语(定冠词+单数名词)方式状语(bywords)介词短语(介词+动名词短语/宾语)just副词作状语，起强调作用(置于被强调成分前)Mypronunciationimproved as wellby listening to the interestingconversationsin En
19、glish movies.简单句主谓连状(方状)主my pronunciation名词短语(形容词性物主代词/定语+不可数名词)谓improved不及物动词as well副词短语作连接状语(强调)方式状语(bymovies)介词短语(介词+动名词短语)theinterestingconversationsin English movies名词短语作宾语(定冠词+形容词/前置定语+复数名词+介词短语/后置定语)inEnglishmovies介词短语做后置定语(介词+名词短语/宾语)Idiscovered【that listening to somethinginteresting is the
20、secretto language learning】. 主句主谓宾(从句充当宾语)主I人称代词谓discovered及物动词宾从句充当【宾语从句】that(引导词/从属连词)主系表主listeninginteresting动名词短语系is表the secret to language learning名词短语(定冠词+单数名词+介词短语/后置定语)to language learning(介词+复合名词/宾语)介词短语作后置定语interesting形容词作后置定语修饰不定代词(不定代词/不定副词的定语后置)Ialso learnedusefulsentences like “Its a p
21、iece of cake” or“ It serves you right”. 简单句主谓宾主I谓learned及物动词宾名词短语(形容词/前置定语+复数名词+介词短语/后置定语)Idid not understandthesesentencesat first. 简单句主谓宾(时状)宾thesesentences名词短语(指示代词/定语+复数名词)时状at first介词短语But because Iwantedto understand the story, Ilookedthem upin a dictionary.but连接一个分句(复合句)原因状语从句because(引导词/从属连词
22、)主谓宾主I谓wanted及物动词 宾to understand the story不定式短语(to+及物动词+名词短语/宾语)参考另类分析谓wanted to understand(谓语借助不定式延伸)宾the story主句主谓宾(地状)主I谓look up(动副)短语动词宾them人称代词宾格地状in a dictionary介词短语(介词+名词短语)NowIreally enjoymy / Englishclass.简单句(时状)主谓宾really副词作状语，起强调谓语作用。Iwantto learnnewwords andmoregrammar so that Ican haveab
23、etterunderstandingof English movies.主句主谓宾(不定式短语作宾语)newwords andmoregrammar并列结构作动词learn的宾语(名词短语1 and 名词短语2)目的状语从句so that(引导词/从属连词)主谓宾(名词短语)abetterunderstandingof English movies名词短语作动词have宾语(不定冠词+形容词/前置定语+单数名词+介词短语/后置定语)Section B-2bHow Can YouBecomea SuccessfulLearner?简单句主谓表主you人称代词主格谓can become动词短语(情
24、态动词+系动词)作复合谓语表asuccessfullearner名词短语(不定冠词+形容词/定语+单数名词)方状how疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句Everyoneis bornwith the abilityto learn. 简单句主谓(方式状语)主everyone不定代词谓is born（助动词过去分词/主动词）被动语态方式状语with the abilityto learn介词短语(介词+名词短语/宾语)to learn不定式作后置定语be born with可以用作短语动词作谓语(天生带有)But【whether or not youcan dothiswell】depends onyou
25、r / learninghabits. but连接一个分句(复合句)主句主谓宾主从句充当谓depends on(动介)短语动词宾your learning habits名词短语(形容词性物主代词/定语1+动名词/定语2+复数名词)【主语从句】whether or not(引导词)主谓宾(方状)主you人称代词谓can do复合谓语(情态动词+及物动词/主动词)宾this指示代词方状well副词Researchshows【that successfullearnershavesome / goodhabitsin common】.主句主谓宾(从句充当宾语)主research不可数名词谓shows
26、及物动词宾从句充当【宾语从句】that(引导词/从属连词)主谓宾宾补主successful learners名词短语(形容词+复数名词)谓have及物动词宾some + good + habits名词短语(形容词/定语1+形容词/定语2+复数名词)宾补in common介词短语Creating an interest in what they learnStudiesshow【that if youareinterested in something, your brainismore active and itis alsoeasierfor you to pay attention to
27、it for a long time】. 主句主谓宾主Studies复数名词谓show及物动词宾从句充当【宾语从句】(复合句)that(从属连词)条件状语从句if(引导词/从属连词)主系表(主谓宾)主you系are表interested in something形容词短语(形容词+介词短语/方面状语)另类分析谓are interested in(be形介)短语动词作谓语宾something主句(并列句)and连接两个并列分句分句1主系表分句2形主系(连状)表实主(不定式复合结构)形式主语it人称代词系is表easier形容词比较级真正主语(不定式复合结构)foryoutopay attenti
28、on toitfor a long time(介词+逻辑主语+to+短语动词+人称代词/宾语+介词短语/时间状语)Goodlearnersoften connect【what theyneedto learn】with somethinginteresting. 主句主(频状)谓宾(状)主Good learners名词短语(形容词/定语+复数名词)谓connect及物动词宾从句充当(比较）状语with something interesting介词短语(介词+代词)【宾语从句】what(连接代词/动宾)主谓宾For example, if theyneedto learn English an
29、d theylikemusic or sports, theycan listen toEnglishsongs or watchsportsprogramsin English. for example插入语(举例说明)/连接状语连接一个复合句and连接两个并列的条件状语从句从句1if(从属连词)主谓宾从句2if(略)主谓宾主句结构主谓1宾1 or谓2宾2or连接两个并列的谓语部分主they人称代词谓1can listen to复合谓语(情态动词+短语动词/主动词)宾1English songs名词短语(形容词/定语+复数名词) 谓2( can略) watch复合谓语(情态动词+及物动词/主
30、动词)宾2sports+programs+in English名词短语(复数名词/前置定语+复数名词+介词短语/后置定语)This way theywill not get bored.简单句(方状)主谓表主they人称代词(第三人称复数)谓will not get复合谓语(助动词否定形式+连系动词/主动词)表bored形容词方状this way名词短语(指示代词/定语+单数名词)Practicing and learning from mistakesGood learnersthink about【what theyaregood at 】and 【what theyneedto prac
31、tice more】.主句主谓宾主good learners名词短语谓think about(动介)短语动词宾and连接的两个并列的宾语从句充当宾语【宾语从句1】what(连接代词/介宾)主系表(或主谓宾)【宾语从句2】what(连接代词/动宾)主谓宾to practice what more不定式短语作need宾语more副词作程度状语(饰 practice) Remember, use it or lose it! Even if youlearnsomethingwell, youwill forgetit unless youuseit.主句主谓宾让步状语从句even if(引导词/从
32、属连词)主谓宾(方状)条件状语从句unless(引导词/从属连词)主谓宾Practice makes perfect. Good learnerswill keeppracticing【what theyhave learned】, and theyare notafraid of making mistakes. and连接两个并列的分句(全句是并列复合句由并列连词连接一个简单句和一个复合句或者连接多个复合句)分句1复合句主句主谓宾(动名词短语作宾语)主good learners名词短语谓will keep复合谓语(助动词+及物动词/主动词)宾practicing what they hav
33、e learned动名词短语(及物动词的动名词+宾语从句/宾语)【宾语从句】what(引导词/连接代词/宾语)主谓谓have learned复合谓语(助动词+及物动词/主动词)分句2(简单句)主系表(主谓宾)主they系are not表afraid of making mistakes形容词短语(形容词+介词短语/原因状语)另类分析谓are not afraid of短语动词作谓语宾making mistakes动名词短语Alexander Graham Belldid not inventthe telephoneovernight.简单句主谓宾(时状)主Alexander Graham B
34、ell专有名词谓did not invent复合谓语(助动词否定形式+及物动词/主动词)宾语the telephone名词短语时间状语overnight副词(时间+方式)Hesucceededby trying manytimes and learning fromhismistakes.简单句主谓(方状)方式状语(bymistakes)介词短语(方状1 and 方状2)方状1by tryingmanytimes(介词短语)介词+动名词短语(不及物动词的动名词+名词短语/频度状语)方状2(by略)learning fromhismistakes(介词短语)(介词略)+动名词短语(短语动词的动名
35、词+名词短语/宾语)Developing their / studyskillsItis notenoughto just study hard.简单句形主系表实主(不定式短语)形主it系is not表enough形容词实主to just study hard不定式短语just副词作状语，表示强调hard副词作方式状语Good learnersknowsthe best waystheycan study. 主句主谓宾主goodlearners名词短语谓knows及物动词宾the best ways they can study名词短语(定冠词+形容词/前置定语+复数名词+定语从句/后置定语)
36、定语从句(ways/先行词)(that或 in which/关系副词/状语略)主谓主they人称代词谓can study复合谓语状in which/ that略(方式状语)For example, theymay take notesby writing downkey words or by drawing mind maps. for example(插入语/连接状语)连接一个简单句主谓(方状1) or (方状2)may take notes复合谓语(情态动词+短语动词/主动词)方状1by writing downkey words(介词短语)介词+动名词短语(短语动词的动名词+名词短语/
37、宾语)方状2by drawing mind maps(介词短语)介词+动名词短语(及物动词的动名词+名词短语/宾语)Theyalso look forwaysto review【what theyhave learned】.主句主连状谓宾主they谓look for(动介)短语动词宾ways tolearned名词短语to review what they have learned不定式短语作后置定语修饰复数名词ways。【宾语从句】what(连接代词/宾语)主谓Theymay dothisby readingtheirnoteseveryday or by explaining the in
38、formation toanotherstudent.简单句主谓宾(方状)/(方状1) or (方状2)主they人称代词谓may do(情态动词+及物动词)动词短语作复合谓语宾this指示代词or连接两个并列的方式状语方状1by reading+theirnotes+everyday(介词短语)介词+动名词短语(及物动词的动名词+名词短语/宾语+名词短语/时状)方状2by explaining the information toanotherstudent(介词短语)介词+动名词短语(及物动词的动名词+名词短语/宾语+介词短语/地状)Asking questionsGood learner
39、soften ask questionsduring or after class.简单句主(频状)谓宾(时状)/(时状1) or (时状2)during or after class(介词短语)并列结构作时间状语Theyeven askeach other and tryto find out the answers.简单句主谓1宾1 and谓2宾2宾1each other相互代词(同one another)and连接两个并列的谓语部分宾2to find out the answers不定式短语(to+短语动词+名词短语/宾语)even副词作状语，起强调谓语作用。Knowledgecomes
40、 fromquestioning. 简单句主谓宾主knowledge不可数名词(U)谓comes from(动介)短语动词宾questioning动名词Learningisalife-longjourney because every daybrings somethingnew. 主句主系表原因状语从句because(引导词/从属连词)主谓宾learning动名词作主语a life-long journey名词短语作表语(不定冠词+形容词/定语+单数名词)every day名词短语作主语new形容词作后置定语修饰不定代词Everythingthat youlearnbecomesa part
41、 of you and changesyou, so learnwisely and learnwell.so连接两个并列分句(全句是并列复合句)分句1复合句主句主系1表1 and 谓2宾2主Everything that you learn 不定代词(及其定语)(不定代词+定语从句/后置定语)谓1becomes连系动词表1a part of you名词短语(不定冠词+单数名词+介词短语/后置定语)and连接两个并列的谓语部分谓2changes及物动词宾2you人称代词宾格定语从句(everything/先行词)that(关系代词/宾语)主谓分句2(祈使句)谓1(方状1)and谓2(方状2)(
42、 and连接两个并列的谓语部分)wisely和well均是副词作方式状语Self CheckAreyou stressed out each time youhave a test? 主句主系表主you 系are表stressed out复合形容词时间状语从句each time(从属连词)主谓have a test短语动词作谓语(同take a test)Youdont have to be if you developsmart / studyskills.主句主谓(表略)主you谓dont have to be复合谓语(助动词否定形式+情态动词+系动词/主动词)表stressed out(
43、略)条件状语从句if(从属连词)主谓宾Rememberto take notes in class and review them on your own or with friends after class.简单句(祈使句)(主略)谓宾1 and 宾2宾1to+ take notes +in class不定式短语(to+短语动词+介词短语/地状)宾2review +them +on your own or with friends +after class不定式短语(to略)(及物动词+人称代词宾格/宾语+并列结构/方状+介词短语/时状)on your own+ or +with friends(介词短语/方状1+or+介词短语/方状2)or连接两个并列的方式状语Then practice【what you learned】 by doing exercises. then(连接副词)连接一个复合句主句谓宾(方状)宾语从句what(连接代词/宾语)主谓Tryto study and remember information bit by bit instead of waitinguntil thelastminute to study everything at once. 祈使句(