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1、第1页/共92页Learninggoals1.Knowwhatthesubjunctivemoodrefersto2.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Masterthestructureofthesubjunctivemoodabout“if”4.Dosomeexercisesaboutthe3thaim第2页/共92页语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。第3页/共92页虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事
2、实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念第4页/共92页虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况第5页/共92页a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表
3、示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。第6页/共92页If we have chances,we can have further cooperation.第7页/共92页If I have another chance,I will visit China again.第8页/共92页if if真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况假设的情况很有可能发生很有可能发生,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if条件从句条件从句一般现在时一般现在时 主句主句willshall+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形第
4、9页/共92页What will you do if it rains tomorrow?I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.第10页/共92页if虚拟条件句表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。第11页/共92页 if 引导的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实可能相反第12页/共92页If I had a great deal of money,I would buy a villa(别墅)for my parents.与现在事实相反第13页/共92页If I were the schoolmaster of Gaoch
5、eng No.1 Middle school,I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.与现在事实相反第14页/共92页 if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were)主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形1.IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(别墅)formyparents.2.IfIweretheschoolmasterofGaochen
6、gNo.1Middleschool,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were)第15页/共92页If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.与过去事实相反第16页/共92页If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four
7、 years.与过去事实相反第17页/共92页Ifhehadgotupearlier,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.与过去事实相反第18页/共92页 if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语+had+动词的过去分词1.If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully,he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapp
8、ed on that island for four years.3.3.If If hehe had got up earlier earlier ,hehe could have caught the the train.train.即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)havedone第19页/共92页IfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,与将来事实相反第20页/共92页 if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件
9、句虚拟条件句主句主句与与将来将来事实事实相相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形 If I met/were to meet/should meet Obama some day,I would shake hands with him.第21页/共92页 总结：if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语+动词过去
10、式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were)主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were)If+主语+had+动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)havedone主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形（4+1）第22页/共92页注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句第23页/共92页1.错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句
11、主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were)主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形即：If+一般过去时态（be动词一般用were)If+主语+had+动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)havedone主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形错综时间条件句错
12、综时间条件句（4+1）第24页/共92页1.错综时间虚拟条件句即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1).Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）第25页/共92页3).Ifyouhadntlentmesomemoney,Icouldnthaveboughtthenewhousea
13、ndmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）第26页/共92页2.在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were,had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。第27页/共92页1).Had I seen him then,I would have been very hap
14、py.=If I had seen him then,I would have been very happy.2).Should I have time,I would go with you.=If I should have time,I would go with you.3).Were I not so busy,I would go with you.=If I were not so busy,I would go with you.第28页/共92页2.2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句补充例句：要不是 (固定句式)If it had not been for your help,
15、we couldnt have finished the work yesterday.=Had it not been for ,If it were not for lacking money,I would go travelling right now.=Were it not for lacking money,与过去事实相反与现在事实相反Butfor要不是第29页/共92页(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,o
16、r/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气直陈语气虚拟语气3.含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。第30页/共92页含蓄条件句(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakeninto(了解即可)consideration,(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy
17、.（连词）直陈语气虚拟语气第31页/共92页(5)用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadntgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadnthelpedus,=Ifithadntbeenforther
18、ain,虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气第32页/共92页1.If my father _ here now,he _ tell me what to do.A.were;wouldB.was;willC.had been;wouldD.is;willExerciseA第33页/共92页2.If he _my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would followExerciseC第34页/共92页3.If I _ in the 22nd century,I _ my va
19、cation in a very different way.A.should live;would spendB.will live;should spend C.are living;should have spentD.will be living;would have spentA第35页/共92页4._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.WillExercisetomorrowB第36页/共92页5.But for the
20、 help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A.would not win B.would not have wonC.would win D.would have wonExerciseB第37页/共92页6.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious
21、.A.wouldnt be B.will not have beenC.wouldnt have been D.would have not beenExercisenowin 1955A第38页/共92页7T he weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables _.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have diedExerciseDhad r
22、ainednow第39页/共92页8.They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A.had got B.got C.have got D.getExerciseBotherwise第40页/共92页9.Why didnt you buy the flat?I_，but I didnt have the money.A.would have B.bought C.would like to D.had boughtExerciseAbut第41页/共92页第42页/
23、共92页Learninggoals1.Knowthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood2.Masterthestructuresofthedifferentformsofthesubjunctivemood3.Dosomeexercisesaboutthegrammar第43页/共92页虚拟语气的常考形式：1.if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.名词性从句名词性从句 3.固定句式固定句式 4.情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况第44页/共92页a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真
24、的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。第45页/共92页 总结：if虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词一般用were)主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形即：If+一般
25、过去时态（be动词一般用were)If+主语+had+动词的过去分词即：If+过去完成时态主语+would(should/might/could)havedone主语+would(should/might/could)动词原形（4+1）第46页/共92页注意以下问题：1.错综时间虚拟条件句2.(if省略)倒装虚拟条件句3.含蓄条件句第47页/共92页 insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!二二.名词性从句中
26、的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气第48页/共92页二二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一一“坚持坚持”(insist),二二“命令命令”(order,command),四四“建议建议”(advise,suggest,propose,recommend),五五“要求要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)+(that)sb(should)do.或是或是(that)sb/sth(should)be done 宾语从句宾语从句第49页/共92页我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要
27、求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _.He insisted _.They requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom have a rest(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished in time第50页/共92页2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should doItissuggestedthatwe(should)p
28、ractisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestionthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.第51页/共92页2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should doItisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demandedthat(should)doThe/O
29、nesinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desireis/wasthat(should)doa/thesuggestion/request(等)that(should)do 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句第52页/共92页Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(sho
30、uld)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.第53页/共92页3.wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 should第54页/共92页IwishI_(be)astallasYaoMing.were第55页/共92页I wish/w
31、ished I _(have not)eaten so much watermelon.hadnt第56页/共92页Iwishit_(will)raintomorrow.Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.would第57页/共92页Hewisheshe_(become)ascientistsomeday.could/wouldbecome第58页/共92页三三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1.would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反
32、与过去情况相反I would rather you returned me my money now.I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.第59页/共92页2.as if/as though思考：as if/as though 后面的句子是主句还是从句？第60页/共92页He behaves as if he_(own)the house.owned1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反)He beh
33、aves as if he _(be)the owner of the house.were第61页/共92页She talked about Rome as though she _(be)there herself.had been2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以可以理解成与过去事实相反理解成与过去事实相反)第62页/共92页He coughed(咳嗽)twice as if someone would come.他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以可以理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反)
34、第63页/共92页总结总结as if/as though与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 (了解了解)should与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似第64页/共92页3.Itis(high/about)time(that)“是时候是时候.(做某事做某事)”注意注意:should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do第65页/共92页是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。Itis(high/abou
35、t)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.你该走了。你该走了。Its(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.第66页/共92页4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary/strange/natural(自然的自然的,理应如此的理应如此的)/important +that sb(should)do第67页/共92页1).Itisimportantthatwe_(maste
36、r)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。Its_thatshe_tocometotheparty.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。Itis_thatabird_intrees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest第68页/共92页5.If only !要是要是就好了就好了If only与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时If only it s
37、topped raining now!If only we had followed your advice!第69页/共92页总结wish,wouldrather,asif/asthough,ifonly表虚拟时的共同点是：时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句第70页/共92页四.情态动词表示虚拟 1.本想/打算做某事却没做 2.本应该做某事却没做 3.本不该做某事却做了 4.本能够做某事却没做 5.宁愿过去做了某事却没做 6.最好过去做了某事却没做 7.本不必做某事却做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to
38、 have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done must have done might have donecant/couldnt have done过去肯定发生了过去可能发生了过去不可能发生第71页/共92页1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.if五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况第72页/共92页insist/suggest各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist:“坚决/持要求”用虚拟语气,即shoulddo;insist:“坚持认为,坚持说
39、”用陈述语气suggest:“建议”用虚拟语气，即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示”用陈述语气第73页/共92页1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe_(practise)moreafterclass.2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_(be)illtoday.3.Heinsistedthatallofus_(get)thereontimebyanymeans.4.Heinsistedthathe_(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。(should)
40、practiseis(should)gethadnt stolen第74页/共92页asif/asthoughWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.第75页/共92页a.if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。第76页/共
41、92页Exercise 第77页/共92页1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间第78页/共92页1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible.A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised.A should B would C must D could第79页/共92页3.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;
42、thedoctorsuggestedthathe_there.A.notwentB.wontgoC.notgoD.nottogo第80页/共92页4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished第81页/共92页5.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill.A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _right.A.wer
43、e B.was C.be D.is第82页/共92页考题点击考题点击1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try第83页/共92页2.She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq.A.leave B.leaving C.left D.to be left第84页/共92页3.Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting_.A.shouldputoffB.
44、wasputoffC.beputoffD.istoputoff第85页/共92页4.Itishightimethechild_tothehospital.A.issentB.wouldbesentC.mustbesentD.weresent第86页/共92页5.If only I _ driving before.A.had learned B.learned C.learn D.would learn 第87页/共92页6.I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are7.How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future.A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 第88页/共92页8.Idratheryou_methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didnttellD.hadnttold第89页/共92页1.背语法规则背语法规则2.课时作业课时作业 P36 单选单选Homework第90页/共92页第91页/共92页感谢您的观看！第92页/共92页