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1、 Page 1 of 4 考点归纳十八：定语从句 一、定语从句（一）:1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.位置:从关系词或横线后起到第二个谓语动词或 be 动词止.2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.（代词惯指人称代词与不定代词)位置:紧靠关系词或横线前的名词或代词部分。3。关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词(分为关系代词与关系副词）。关系代词有五个：that、which、who、whom、whose 关系副词有三个：where、when 等。4.关系代词的用法 1)that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物.在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略,作
2、宾语可省略.例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语)2）which 用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film(which）we saw last night
3、was wonderful。我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看.（作宾语）3）who,whom 用于指人,who 用作主语,whom 用作宾语(可省略）。例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人.（作主语）Who is the teacher(whom）Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？(作宾语）4）whose 在定语从句中作定语，既可用于人也可用于物时,即人物通指。用法：当先行词是名词,定语从句中的主语也是名词，而且两名词间存在所属关系时
4、，不论先行词是人还是物，都用关系代词 whose。(n。）_（n.）此名词所属于先行词（n.）时，用关系代词 whose.例如:The woman whose hair is long is my mother.The book whose cover is green is mine.定语从句解题思路与关系词确定步骤：Page 2 of 4 定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证。“三找”:找先行词找定语从句找定语从句的谓语动词或 be 动词；“两定”:以谓语动词与be动词为基准,看定语从句是否缺主语(谓语动词或be 动词的左边）还是缺宾语（谓语动词的右边）;1）如果定语从句从句缺
5、主语或宾语，则判定用关系代词，再根据先行词指人或物确定正确的关系代词（that,which，who，whom）。2）如果定语从句的谓语动词或 be 动词两边都不缺成分，则判定用关系副词，再根据先行词是时间，地点或原因确定正确的关系副词(when,where，why)。注意：3）虽然有时定语从句的谓语动词或 be 动词两边都不缺成分，但当先行词是名词,定语从句中的主语也是名词，而且两名词间存在所属关系时，不论先行词是人还是物,都判定用关系代词 whose.“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子,验证其句子结构的完整性。表格总结：关系代词的用法。关系代词 指代 在定语从句中的作用 that 既指人也
6、指物 作主语、宾语 which 指物 作主语、宾语 who 指人 作主语 whom 指人 作宾语 whose 既指人也指物 作定语 5。关系副词的用法 (1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语.例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works。这是他工作的地点。(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用.例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late f
7、or school。没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用 that 也可用 which。但下列情况下,只能用 that 不用 which。1)。当先行词为指物的不定代词,如 all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one 等时，只能用 that.There is nothing _ I can do for you。2)。当先行词被 the only、the very、the last、all、no、little 等词修饰时，只能用 that。This is the very book _
8、Im looking for.3)。先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用 that.This is the first textbook _ I studied in the middle school.4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。This is the most beautiful mountain _ I have ever seen。=I have _ seen _ a beautiful mountain。5)。先行词既有人也有物时，只能 that.He told us many interesting things and persons _ we had。Pag
9、e 3 of 4 2.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用 that 也可用 which.但下列情况下,只能用 which 不用 that。1）.关系代词前有介词时,关系词只能用 which。This is the building in _ he lives。2）。先行词本身是 that 时，关系词只能用 which。The clock is that _ tells the time。3）。引导非限定性的定语从句(先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用 which。His book，_ was lost last week,has been found now.3。先行词是人时,一般情况
10、下既可用 who 也可用 that。但以下情况下，只能用 who。1)。当先行词为 those、one、ones、anyone 且作主语时,一般用 who。Those _ are singing are all my classmates.2)。在 there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用 who。指物时用 that.There is a girl _ expects to see you。3）.当先行词是 I、you、he、they 等时,只能用 who。He _ plays with fire gets burned。三、定语从句（三).由关系副词 when、where、why 引导
11、的定语从句。where=in/at+which when=in/on/at+which why=for+which 1。由 where 引导的定语从句.1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语 Is this the house _ you lived？=Is this the house _ _ you lived？=Is this the house _ you lived in？2.由 when 引导的定语从句.1）。先行词是表示时间的名词 2）.在定语从句中作时间状语 I will never forget the days _ I met him.=I will n
12、ever forget the days _ _ I met him.注:先行词是 the last time 时，when 可省略.When was the last time you saw the parrot？3.由 why 引导的定语从句。1）先行词为 reason 时，一般用 why 2)why 在句中作原因状语。We dont know the reason _ they didnt come。四、注意事项：1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略。The story _ he told was very popular。A。who B。whom C.whose D./2.tha
13、t、who、which 在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I loves singers who _（write)their own songs.She is one of the girls who _（study）hard。3。在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。Will you please show me the book _ yesterday？A。which you bought B.that you bought it C。you bought D。you bought it 4。定语从句中 whose 的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定
14、语用 whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jims 等），若没有，则用 whose。The girl _ parents work in Beijing is Kate.A。who B。whose C。which D。that Page 4 of 4 I know the boy。His handwriting is very good。=I know the boy _ handwriting is very good。五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语.1.She received a box which was full of presents。She received a box _ _ presents.2。He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.He likes reading booking _ _ Luxun。3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it。I like Chinese tea _ _ in it.4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress.Do you know the girl _ a red dress。