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1、2022-2023学年上学期期末高二英语第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Discover the Canadian Rockies by rail and car. Enjoy two days aboard the scenic Rocky Mountaineer, combined with the freedom to discover fantastic Banff National Park in your spare time by rental car.About
2、 the TourYour tour starts in Vancouver, where you can explore the scenic city on your own and visit Vancouver Lookout for the whole views. After a relaxing evening, youll start your second day with travel aboard the Rocky Mountaineer, from Vancouver to Kamloops, the heart of British Columbia.Get you
3、r cameras ready for dramatic scenery, from the rushing waters of Hells Gate to mountain peaks. Continue east to Albena, across ranchlands, lakeshores, mountain passes and tunnels, arriving in the town of Banff. You can have your supper by tasting the local food, but the cost falls on you.Spend the n
4、ext day enjoying Banff on your own, and then drive to Lake Louise and Yoho National Park. Travel through Kananaskis Country and （he wide-open ranches of Alberta before arriving in Calgary, where youll spend an evening touring the city before your trip comes to an end.Highlights2 days of scenic rail
5、travel onboard the Rocky MountaineerFree Hotel accommodations （住宿）for all the 5 nights4 free meals3-day full-size car rental with GPS and unlimited mileageVancouver Lookout 第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，下周将参加一场主题为“A Her。in My Heart”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写 一篇演讲稿，内容包括1 .人物简介；.主要事迹；2 .所受启发。注意：1 .词数80左右；.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节（
6、满分25分）读后续写47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。A man came home from work late, tired and unhappy, to find his 5year-old son wailing for him at the door. How the boy wished to have fun with his father at home even for a short time.“Daddy, may I ask you a question?“Yeah sure, what is it?M replied t
7、he man.“Daddy, how much do you make an hour?”“Thats none of your business. Why do you ask such a thing? the man said angrily.T just want to know. Please tell me. How much do you make an hour? pleaded the little boy.“If you must know, I make $20 an hour.“Oh, the little boy replied with the head down.
8、Looking up, he said. Daddy, may I please borrow $10?The father was angry. If the only reason you asked that is that you can borrow some money (o buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed. Think about why you are being so selfish. I work hard
9、every day fbr such childish behavior.The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door. The man sat down and started to get even angrier about the little boys questions. 4tHow dare he ask such questions only to get some money? he thought to himself.After about an hour or so, the man calmed d
10、own, and started to think: Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that S10 and he really didnt ask fbr money very often. The man went to the door of the little boys room and opened the door, Are you asleep, son?” he asked.“No, daddy, Tm awake.” replied the boy.Ive been thinking, mayb
11、e I was too hard on you earlier,n said the man. It has been a long day and I took out my anger on you. Heres the $1() you asked fbr.”The little boy sat straight up, smiling. 4tOh. Thank you, daddy!” he shouted. Then, reaching under his pillow he pulled out some crumpled(皱巴巴的)bills.注意：1 .所续写短文的词数不少于1
12、00词；.续写部分开头语已为你写好；The man, seeing that the hoy already had money, started to get angry again.Not knowing what his son meant, the father just stood there, waiting for his boys explanation.参考答案1. B 2. A 3. C本文是应用文。这是一则乘火车和汽车探索加拿大落基山脉的旅游广告。在美丽的洛基登山 队上享受两天的时间，并在空闲时间乘坐租车自由地探索美丽的班夫国家公园。广告介绍了 与旅游有关的一些信息。1
13、.细节理解题。根据 About the Tour 中的“Travel through Kananaskis Country and the wide-open ranches of Alberta before arriving in Calgary, where youll spend an evening touring the city before your trip comes to an end.”（在到达卡尔加里之前，你将穿过卡那纳斯基斯的乡村和阿 尔伯塔省开阔的牧场，在你的旅程结束之前，你将在卡尔加里度过一个夜晚。）由此可知， 旅行在卡尔加里结束。故选B。2 .细节理解题。根据
14、 Highlights 中“Free Hotel accommodations （住宿）fbr all the 5 nights” （5晚免费住宿），由此可知，“住宿”对游客是免费的。故选A。3 .推理判断题。根据 Additional Information 中的“It is your duty to check and fulfill the passport, visa, and health requirements applicable （合适的）to your joumey.（你有责任检查和履行与你 的旅行有关的护照、签证和健康要求。）由此可知，在“附加信息”中，作者想告诉我们旅行
15、 者需要承担的责任。故选C。4 . D 5. A 6. B 7. A这是一篇说明文。主要讲述卷积神经网络在图像处理领域的兴起和应用。5 .细节理解题。由文章第二段The research relied on a convolutional neural network, a type of dccp-lcarning algorithm that is transforming how biologists analyse images. Googles approach is part of a wave of new deep-learning applications that are
16、making image processing easier and could even identify overlooked biological phenomena.M （这项研究依赖于卷积神经网络，这是 一种深度学习算法，正在改变生物学家分析图像的方式。谷歌的方法是新一轮深度学习应用 程序的一部分，这些应用程序使图像处理变得更容易，甚至可以识别被忽视的生物现象。） 和“Others are most excited by the idea that analysing images with convolutional neural networks could unknowingl
17、y reveal unnoticcablc biological phenomena, encouraging biologists to ask questions they might not have considered befbre.（其他人最兴奋的是，使用卷积神经网络分 析图像可能会在不知不觉中揭示不明显的生物现象，从而鼓励生物学家提出他们以前可能没 有考虑过的问题。）可知，a convolutional neural network是一种深度学习算法，帮助处理图 像，生物学家通过图像可能会发现没有考虑过的生物现象。故选D。6 .推理判断题。由文章第三段“The approach
18、took off in the tech sector around 2012, but scientists struggled to apply the networks to biology, in part because of cultural differences between fields.（这种方法在2012年左右在科技领域开始流行，但科学家们难以将这种网 络应用于生物学，部分原因是不同领域之间的文化差异。）可推知，后文Daphne Koller举例 的那一段话就是为了说明论证前面cultural differences between fields,说明在不同领域会存 在
19、的文化不同，形成交流障碍。故选A项。7 .推理判断题o 由文章第四段“Others arc most excited by the idea that analysing images with convolutional neural networks could unknowingly reveal unnoticeable biological phenomena, encouraging biologists to ask questions they might not have considered bcfbrc.X 另一些人则最为 兴奋的是，使用卷积神经网络分析图像可能会在不知不
20、觉中揭示不可见的生物现象，从而鼓 励生物学家提出他们以前可能没有考虑过的问题。）可推知，卷积神经网络分析图像可能会 让生物学家更深入广泛地探索他们的领域。故选B项。8 .推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Imaging is important, but so is chemistry and molecular data,“ says Alex Wola computational biologist. Wolf hopes to improve neural networks so that they can analyse gene expression. think there will b
21、e a very big breakthrough in the next few years, he says.（“成像很重要，但化学和分子数据也很重要，计算生物学家亚历克斯沃尔 夫说。沃尔夫希望改进神经网络，使其能够分析基因表达。“我认为未来儿年将会有一个非 常大的突破，“他说。）可推知，神经网络将有一个很有前途的将来。故选A项。9 . C 9. A 10. B 11. D这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通过电刺激技术，Bernini可以再次通过思想来控制自己 的行动。10 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Afler Beniini broke his neck and lost all mo
22、vements below his shoulders when he was 18, his brain still told his hands how to move 18 岁时，Bernini 摔断 了脖子，肩膀以下的部位失去了活动能力，但他的大脑仍然告诉他的手如何移动。由此可知, 他的大脑可以控制他手的运动。故选C。11 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In the past years, researchers have used several approaches to guide patients like Bemini to move their hands.在过去的几年里，
23、研究人员已经使用了几种方 法来指导像Bernini这样的病人移动他们的手。由此可知，过去研究人员想通过大脑植入来 控制病人的手。故选A。12 .细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“He could also move each finger on his own just by thinking about it, which previous systems had never achieved. And it was absolutely an amazing moment.” 他还可以通过思考来移动自己的手指，这是以前的系统无法做到的。这绝对是一个神奇的时 刻。由此可知，Bemini可以独立地
24、移动每一个手指。故选B。13 .主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Now, thanks to recent advances in electrical stimulation (刺 激)technology. Bernini can once again grasp, pour, and even play Guitar Hero. To do so. he uses a micro-electrode array (MEA) that reads his brains signals and sends them through wires to something like a sleev
25、e on his arm that electronically stimulates his musclcs, 现在， 多亏 了 最近 电刺激技术的进步。Bernini可以再次抓，倒，甚至弹吉他。为了做到这一点，他使用微电 极阵列(MEA)来读取他的大脑信号，并通过电线将它们发送到他手臂上的袖子之类的东西 上，从而通过电子方式刺激他的肌肉。由此可知，文章主要讲述了通过电刺激技术，Bernini 可以再次通过思想来控制自己的行动。故D项(Linking thoughts to Movements)把思想和 动作起来，为短文最佳标题。故选D。14 . C 13. C 14. A 15. D本文是
26、一篇议论文。文章介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR,它在治 疗疾病方面的优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。12 .主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR,其优 点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。故选C。13 .细节埋解题。根据倒数第二段的 gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: Deaf parents may prefer their childre
27、n to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”可知由于基因被 改变，会导致父母不能正确对孩子做出决定，故选C。14 .推理判断题。根据第三段的 The uses of CRISPR could mean (hat cures are developed for everything from Alzheimers to cancer to HIV.可知CRISPR技术使得所有疾病的治愈成为可 能。故选Ao.推理判断题。文章中作者详细介绍了 CRISPR技术，它
28、在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用，以 及在使用中人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍，所以他对此技术的观点是客观的, 故选D。15 . G 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. E这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了保持桌面整洁的重要性和整理桌面的四个步骤。16 .上文“Just imagine that your desk is messy or disorganized.（试想一下你的办公桌杂乱无 章。）”可知下文应说明办公桌杂乱无章的结果。G项“Il can be difficult to fbcus or to keep track of your important projects.（集中精
29、力或跟踪重要项目进展可能很困难）”表述了办公桌杂乱 无章的结果。故选G项。17 .上文“Sort through your pile.（把文件排序）“可知本段介绍文件排序的方法。C项“Begin going through the pile from the top down.（开始从最上面的文件排序到最F边的文件）“中 “going through the pile”与上文一致。故选 C 项。18 .下文“Leave that container in a basement, a closet, or somewhere else.（将该容器放在地下 室，壁橱或其他地方）”可知本段主要讲述如
30、何处理不确定的东西。B项“Store objects youre unsure about.（把不确定的东西储存起来）中Store objects”与上文“container”形成呼应关系。 故选B项。19 . JLXuTake each object from the first pile and place it on your desk or on a shelf.（从第 一堆 中拿出每个物体并将其放在你的桌子或架子上。）”可知下文应讲述把东西放置在桌子上的方 法。D each item back on the desk, one thing at a time.（每次拿一件物品放回桌上
31、）”中 “Put each item back on the desk与“place it on your desk”意思一致。故选 D 项。20 . 下文“This way, it is certain that youll come into a clean and usable workplace the next day. （这样可以确定第二天你会进入一个干净且可用的工作场所。）“E项At the end of each day, look at your desk and tidy it up.（每天结束时看看办公桌并整理一下。）“可知其中“At the end of each da
32、y”与下文“the next day”形成呼应结构，符合时间顺序。故选E项。21 . B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了动物权利，提到活着有意识的生物都不应该被当作一种资 源或商品使用，动物权利就是让动物按照自己的方式生活，指出了动物权利的必要性和人类 对动物进行的一系列恶行，建议人类学会带着尊重、善良和爱，负责任地生活。21 .考查名词词义辨析句意：任何意识到自己活着的人都不应该被贬低，被支配，被当作 一种资源或商品使用。A. c
33、ompanies公司；B. goods商品；C. insects昆虫；D. providers供应 商o 根据上文“be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or”可知，or 表示选 择，因此推断此处指被当作一种资源或商品使用，应用goods。故选B。22 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个被称为“动物权利”的观点的关键点是一场将道德考虑 扩展到所有有意识的生物的运动。A. active活跃的；B. conscious有意识的；C. intelligent 明的；D. strange 奇怪的。对应第一句中“Every
34、conscious being has interests that should be respected”可知，指的是有意识的生物。故选B。23 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：确实，其他动物需要从我们这里得到的是免除对我们的义务。 A. Indeed 确实;B. Moreover 此外;C. Nevertheless 然而;D. Othenvise 否则。根据上文“No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting duties”（没有任何一种存在必须对 人类有用或能够接受责任以及后文what other
35、animals need from us is being free from duties to us.（其他动物需要从我们这里得到的是免除对我们的义务）”可知，后文是在赞同上文 的观点，表示“确实”应用indeed。故选A。24 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：它始于我们承诺不像别人的主人那样行事。A. followers 随者;B. friends 朋友;C. masters 主人;D. tutors 导师。根据后文“Animal rights is about justice treating animals fairly.”可知，动物权利在于公平地对待动物，而不是像自己是它们的主人 那样行
36、事。故选C。25 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么动物权利是必要的？ A. necessary必要的；B. neglected 疏忽；忽视；C. respected受尊重的；D. revolutionary革命的。对应后文中“Why should humans cause 8 to other beings when ifs not necessary?”指动物权利是否必要。故选 A。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类利用动物的方式有很多种。A. distinguish区别；B. eliminate 排除；消除；C. exploit 利用；D. raise 提高。结合后文“We domes
37、ticate them and use them fbr fbod和“Although other materials are available, we use aninials skin and other body parts fbr clothing, furs, hats, boots, jewellery and even pet toys.“可知，是指人类利用动物的方式。故选C。 27.考杳形容词词义辨析。句意：我们驯养它们并把它们当作食物，尽管我们的营养需求完 全可以通过不含动物的饮食来满足。A. animal-free不含动物成分的；B. eco-friendly环保的； C
38、. low-salt 低盐的；D. well-balanced 匀称的。结合上文“We domesticate them and use them fbr food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by”可知，就算人类的营养需 求完全可以通过不含动物的饮食来满足，人类还是驯养动物当作食物。故选A。28 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么人类要在不必要的情况下给其他物种造成痛苦？ A. conflict 冲突；B. confusion 混乱；C. isolation 隔离；D. misery 痛苦。根据后文
39、“Animals also experience pain”可知，人类在不必要的情况下给动物造成了痛苦。故选Do.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可能在某些方面不同于其他动物，但这并没有给我们权 利去追捕它们，占用它们的土地，污染它们的水域，或利用它们为我们提供便利。A. calm 使平静；B. chase追捕：C. pull拉；D. tear撕扯。根据卜.文的“take their lands”可知，此处是 指把动物赶走或杀害，然后占用它们的生存地，故用“追捕”符合语境。故选B。29 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物也会经历疼痛，而且通过对有意识的生物对疼痛的反应 来观察疼痛的迹象并不难。A. s
40、igns迹象，标志；B. symbols符号；C. symptoms症状；D. performances 表现。根据后文“in the way a conscious being reacts to it”可知，观察动物疼痛的 迹象发现他们能够体会到疼痛。故选Ao.考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们利用动物来娱乐时，我们会利用它们，造成痛苦，做 出不公平的行为。A. differently 不同地:B. enthusiastically 热心地;C. gently 温柔地;D. unfairly 不公平地。根据后文“use animals for amusement”可知，此处是指人类利用动物娱乐
41、的行为是 不公平的。故选D。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多宠物被遗弃在街上，因为它们的主人发现养宠物或照顾 它们不再方便或负担得起。A. abandoned抛弃，遗弃；B. chosen选择；C. oppressed压迫； D. spoiled ）弱爱。结合后文“on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care fbr them.”可知，宠物的主人将宠物抛弃在街上，因为发现照顾它们 带来了不便，或无法承担。故选A。31 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管我们
42、承认与否，认为自己比动物优越是一种偏见，认 为控制动物是我们的权利，这只会让人们表现得卑鄙、可恨或漠不关心。A. accessible可接 近的;B. appealing吸引人的;C. reasonable合理的;D. superior出众的,优越的。根据后文 “it is our right to control them”可知，认为我们比动物更加优越，我们有权利控制它们是一种 偏见。故选D。32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们每个人都有改变的力量。A. change改变：B. dominate 控制;C. persist 坚持;D. proceed 开始。结合后文“We can ad
43、opt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny.”可知，每个人有改变这种情况的力量。故选A。33 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：这将对地球上的其他群落产生奇妙的影响，因为生命不仅仅 是避免受苦。A. contrary to与相反；B. more than不仅仅，超过；C. owing to由于；D. rather than而不是。结合后文“It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy.可知,生命不仅仅只是避免受苦。故选Bo34 . that 37. items 38. to show 39. rece
44、iving 40. the 41. expression 42. isserved 43. cultural 44. used 45. to这是一篇说明文。茶不仅是世界上很多文化的重要部分，而且也具有医药价值，文章介绍了 世界不同国家的茶文化。35 .考查主语从句。句意：同样，在中国，据说柴米油盐酱醋茶是开始一天的七件必需品。 It is said that是固定句型,意为“据说”，it在句中是形式主语，that引导的主语从句作 真正的主语，故填that。36 .考查名词复数。分析句子可知，item是可数名词，根据空前的“seven”可知此处需使用 名词复数形式items。故填items。37
45、 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，人们在接待重要客人时用上等茶来表示尊敬。分析句 子结构可知，此处是对谓语动词use发生的目的进行说明，需用动词不定式to show作目的 状语。故填to show。38 .考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知，此处是状语从句的省略，完整形式是when people are receiving important guests,从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，可将 从句中的主语和be动词省略。故填receivingo.考查定冠词。句意：同时，英国的下午茶传统也是英国身份的重要组成部分。此处特指 “英国的下午茶传统”，故在British tradit
46、ion前加定冠词thco故填the。39 .考查名词。句意：作为摩洛哥人好客和传统的表达，薄荷茶绿茶、绿薄荷叶和糖的 混合在聚会和谈判时用来招待。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应用名词形式，故 填 expression o.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。这里在说一个客观事实，主语mint tea和谓语动词serve之 间是被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语mint tea是单数第三人称，故填is served。40 .考查形容词。句意：除了它的文化意义，茶也是一种药，从古代到现代都被使用。空后 significance是名词，所以此处应填一个形容词作定语，故填cullural。41 .
47、考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以空处应使用非谓语形式，且 主语tea和动词use之间是动宾关系，应使用过去分词作状语，故填used。42 .考查介词。句意：时至今日，人们仍在不断发现茶对健康的益处：预防心脏病、肥胖和 癌症都与饮用绿茶有关。link to是固定搭配，意为“把和联系起来”，故填too. Ladies and gentlemen.It is a great privilege for me to deliver a speech here. When it comes to my hero, the first name popping into my head
48、 is Yuan Longping, Father of Hybrid Rice.What inspires me most is his perseverance. Dr. Yuan initially found it hard to study the new rice under the tough condition in 1950s, but he still devoted his youth to it. And even at the age of 90, he strove to extend his research to sea rice. Such spirit co
49、nstantly stimulates me to keep moving, regardless of how many exams I failed.Thanks for your attention!本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生以A Her。in My Heart为主题，写一篇演讲稿，简 要介绍人物及其主要事迹，并谈谈所受启发。1 .词汇积累荣幸：privilegehonor激励：inspireencourage毅力：perseverancewillpower 困难的：hard-difficult2 .句式拓展简单句变复合句原右J： Dr. Yuan initially found it hard to study the new r