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1、第六讲时态和语态 典型例题1 .高考考查的八种动词时态是：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时， 过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。2 .考生要学会在具体语言环境下使用具体时态的能力，从NMET对动词时态的考查来 看，这几年试题的灵活性正逐步加强。题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐蔽的”，情 景中可能不出现明显的时间信息。3 .预计动词时态的考核有如下趋势：经常考查时态的基本知识点，考查时注重在实际 场合中的交际应用。试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”（如状语从句、宾语从句等）转向 了 “情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景（对话形式占有一定比例）多是发生在学生
2、学习或日常生活中的真实情况。4 .时态和语态是紧密相连的，高考题中经常把时态和语态一起考查。应试高分瓶颈1 .学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用的语言，一味死记硬背语法规律的 条条框框。了解了时态的一些常用规则之后，要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中是如何使 用各种时态和语态的。2 .答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中 的时间信息。发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。3 .解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题千句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？U这个动作处于什么状态，是进行中，.还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作状
3、态信 息有哪些？这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石山？ 时态本类考题解答锦囊高考对时态的考查除了常用的八种时态外，还需注意以下几点：1 . if,unless, even it 引导的条件状语从句中,在 when, before, until（till）, assoon as, the moment, once 弓I导的时间状语从句中，在 no matter what / who / which / when / where, / how 或 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wher
4、ever, however引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时（往往出现will/ shall / can / must） 或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：r II not go unless I m invited.Tell him the news as soon as he comes.2 . “used t。/would+动词原形”可以表示过去经常或习惯性的动作。如：Ohen at night she would hear a long low whistle and the soundof a metallic noise.3 . “be+to do”表示拟定或
5、计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情； beabout to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。如： All the questions are to be answeredat once. 。NO one is to leave the room without permission.They are about to leave this aternoon.（误）TheyareabouttOleave.（正）他们即将动身。4 .语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样:如：Idldntknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。Ineve
6、rthoughthewoulddOthat.我从没想到他会做出这样的事。5 .表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如：I had hoped to see more of Shanghai我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）I had meant to help you, blit 工 was too busy at themoment.我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。I had thought you would come to morrow.我
7、原以为你明天才来呢。6 .某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的。This / his the first / second. time+that 从句。that 从句一般用现在完成时, 如果把前边的is改为was,则that从句用过去完成时。如：This is the first time I have come here.c It was the third time（that）he had made the same mistake.his / has been + 一段时间+sinx从句。since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is改为was,则since 从句中用过去完成时。
8、如：It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.be about to do. when.意为“即将（这时）突然。如：I was about to gO out when the telephone rang.I高考最新热门题.（典型例题）All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness.A.has grown B. is growmgC. grew D. had grown【解 析】 句中as为连词，引导时间状语
9、从句，往往表示主句与从句的动作同时发 生，意为“正当”“一面一面 A、B皆为现在时，与从句动词waited不一致; D为过去完成时，表示“过去的过去，亦与as的用法相违背。【答案】 C.（典型例题）Because the shop, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed downB. closed downC. is closing down D. had closed down答案：C指导：因为商店就要倒闭，所以所有T恤都半价，用现在进行表将来。1 .（典型例题季卷）How can you possibly miss th
10、e news?It on TV all day long.A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案：C 指导：从上句的howcan及时态、下一句的时间状语all daylong可以看出本 题应用现在完成时态。2 .（典型例题季卷）-Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.Where was I?You.you didnt like your lathers job.A. had saidB. saidC. were sayingD. had been saying答案：A指导：本题的语境是两个人在谈话，其中
11、一个的话被另一个打断，然后再问自己刚才说到哪儿了（Where was I?）,因此得到的回答应为你刚才说到（You were saying.）,有一些短暂性动词的过去进行时表示“刚刚在”，如：were notnoticing（刚刚没注意到）。3 .（典型例题卷）1 arrived late; I the road to be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expectC. hadnt expected D, wasnt expecting答案：C指导：“我”之所以arrived late,是因为“我”在此之前（即过去的过去）没有 料到路上结了这么厚的冰，
12、.应用过去完成时。II题点经典类型题.（典型例题）What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work and to take a shower.A. had startedB. startedC. have startedD. was starting【解 析】原题第句问：当Tony给你打电话时，你正在做什么？根据回答句中“我刚刚完 成工作“，应该理解为刚要开始洗澡，只有D.was starting与问句一致。用过去进行表过去 将来。【答案】 D.（典型例题断）1 thought that these com
13、puters cost $ 850,but the price up $ 50.A. wentB. will goC. goesD. has gone答案：D指导：我原以为这些电脑850美元就够了，但价格上涨了 50美元。1 .（典型例题）Women prefer to think and then speak, while men like to speak as they.A. thinkB. have thoughtC. thoughtD. are thinking答案：D指导：女士喜欢想好了再说，而男士喜欢边想边说。2 .（典型例题）In my opinion,all Mr. Whit
14、e good to his students in hisclass at present. He is very strict in their study.A. does does doesB. does do doC. does does doD. did do does答案：C 指导：Mr. Whitedoes为定语“从句，修饰all.后面的does do是谓语动词 的强调形式。3 .（典型例题测）-Wang Ping is made monitor of our class.-Really?Dont you believe it? You know,now.A. I wasnft j
15、oking B. I didnt jokeC. Im not joking D. I havenft joked答案：C指导：我这可不是开玩笑。1 .Was Mary in1 the office when you arrived there?Yes, but she soon afterwards.A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave答案：B指导：句意：是的，她在。但不一会儿、她就离开了。2 .-Alicefs second-hand computer wrong although she used it only once.You
16、d better go to check it.A. went B. has gone C. is going D. had gone答案：A 指导.although从句中used是重要的信息。3.She a blouse by herself yesterday, but I am not sure whether it isready.A. madeB. had madeC. was makingD. would make答案：C指导：由but分句可知她昨天未完成，所以A项（有完成之意）是不当的。4 .John as well as the other children who no pa
17、rents good care of inthe village,A. have;is being taken B. have;has takenC. has;is taken D. has;have been taken答案：A 指导：who从句限定children,故谓语动词用复数，John是第二空的语。5 .The dictionary still where I it a moment ago.A. lies; laidB. Iied;layC. laid; laidD. lies; lay答案：A指导：词典（现在）还在我刚才放的地方。still是重要信息。6. This time T
18、om careful enough,otherwise he would not have passed the test.A. wasB. should beC. had beenD. were答案：A指导：注意这里陈述的是真实情况，而。therwise引出的才是假设的情况。 本类考题解答锦囊语态分为主支语太和被动语态，正常的主动被动变化很容易理解，但一些特殊用法往往 是高考的重点。需要引起特别注意。比如：一、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctorhaS beensent for.已经派
19、人请大夫去了。Timemust bemadegood useOf.时间一定要充分利用。The planwill be giyen up.那计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away With.坏习惯已经改掉了。（在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，关于这类及物性质的短语动词请看第 五训：）He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。The plan ought to be put into practice as soonas possible.计划必须尽早执行。（谓语结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词）二、get+过去
20、分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化，如：She got married last week.她上周结婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。He fell Off the car and gOt killed.他从车上摔下来，摔死了。三、主动形式表被动意义1 .表示状态牲的联系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste,prove,appear+形容词/名词构成的系表结构。The steel feels cold.His planproved(to be)practical.2 .表示开始、结束、运动的动词
21、。如 begin,finish, start, open,close,stop,end, shut, run,move 等。Work began at 7 O clock this morning.The ShOp ClOses at 6 p. m every day.3 .表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read, write, act, sell, wash, chean, wear, open, COOk, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常 有一个修饰语。如：This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。Nylon cle
22、ans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。Thedoorwont lock.这门锁不上。Food can keep fresh is a fridge,食物在冰箱里能保鲜。4 .少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如pnnt, bldld, cook, fry, hang, build, make.如：The books are printing.这本书在正在排印中。The meat is cooking,肉在煮。I高考最新热门题.(典型例题 According to the art dealer, the painting to go forat leasta million dolla
23、rs.A.is expected B. expectsC.expected D. is expecting【解 析】 the painting是物，它自己不能预期、期望，故要用被动。【答案】 A.(典型例题一The window is dirty.-I know, h for weeks.A.hasnt cleanedB.didnt cleanC.wasnt cleanedD.hasnt beencleaned答案：D指导：本题主要考查过去时与现在完成时的区别。过去时仅表过去发生过某 事，与现在无关。现在完成时表示：1 .某一动作虽发生在过去，但影响着现在；.某一动作或状态从过去持续到现在。由
24、语境可知，儿周以来，窗户一直没有被清洁。即 答案为B.2 .（典型例题卷）The pilot asked all the passengers on boad to remin asthe plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seatingC.seated D. to be seating答案：C 指导：remain可作连系动词，相当于b巳再看seat的用法：seatoneselfin / On / at. 可转化为：sb. beseated in / on / at.3 .（典型例题卷）Aftet his journey for iil abroad,
25、 Richard JohnS returned home,A.exhausting B.exhausted C. being exhausted D.having exhausted答案：B 指导：exhausting与exhausted意义区别。exhausted意思是：感到精疲力 竭的，说明主语的状态；exhausting意为：令人精疲力竭的，说明主语的性质或特征。根 据语境Richard是人，只能用选项B来表示他所处的状态。而A、C、D在此都不合题意。 II题点经典类型题1 .（典型例题中二测）My sister,as well as her classmate who latefOrc
26、lass,criticizedbyMr. Hunt.A.were； was b.was； were C.was； was D.were； were【解析】句子中主语是My sister,虽然aswellas后跟名词复数，但谓语动词要跟My sister 一致，又因为是被批评，故用was.而第一个空是跟在who后面的谓语动词， 根据意思，who应指代her classmates,故应用复数。因此答案为A.【答案】A.（典型例题师附中二测）Tough the task was, we finish it ahead oftime and therefore we were highly prais
27、ed for it.A. though; wouldalthough; had toB. as;were able tothough; must答案：C指导：根据“我们得到了赞扬，而知“我们提前完成了任务，尽管很难”，用 were / wasabletodo表示过去做成了某事。2 .（典型例题附中二测）.一Tt is said that another new car factory. -Yeah. It for nearly two months already.A. is building; has been builtis built,has builtB. is being built
28、;has been builtis being built; has been being built答案：D指导：因为主语是物，故选被动，排除A、a因为上句说isbeingbuilt“正在建”， 故只能选B.3 .（典型例题联）-you the chief editor at the airport?-No. He away before my arrival.A. Have; met; has drivenDid; meet; had been drivenB. Had;met;was drivenHave; met; was driven答案：B指导：问的是你在机场见了主编没有。具体地点
29、发生的过去某一特定行为，故用 一般过去时。“在我到之前他已被司机接走了”，用过去完成时的被动。1 .Neither of the young men who had tried to get the job in the compa ny.A. has been acceptedhad been acceptedB. was acceptedaccepted答案：C指导：题干句中的时间信息与“现在”无关，用过去时与hadtried相照应。2. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Smith, so we only had time for a
30、 few words.A. has just leftB. had just leftC. just leftD. was just leaving答案：D 指导：选项B和C都表示“已经离开”，与下文“说了几句话”相抵触，而D项 表示“正要离开时”，是符合语境的。3. Has your sister finished her composition yet?-I have no idea. She it this morning.A. wrotehas writtenB. had writtenwas writing答案：D指导：注意进行时的未完成性。表示“早上正在写”，结果不清楚。考场热身A
31、fter a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment.A. is damagedhad damagedB. damagedwas damaged答案：D指导：equipment为不可数名词。“实验室的那场大火之后，很多仪器被毁。1. Dont bother them when they off their feet.A. rushB. have rushedC. are rushedD. will be rushed答案：C 指导：berushedoffonesfeet=bebusydoingste2. We at six oclock, a
32、nd hope most of the journey by lunchtime.A. are leaving;to have doneare leaving; to doB. Ieft;to have doneIeave;to be doing答案：A指导：句意：我们将在六点钟出发，希望在午饭前走完大部分旅程。bylunchtime 是关键信息，“by+时间点”常与完成时（式）连用。3. Your daughter has two children,doesnt she?-Thats right. She in 1983.A. did marriagehad marriedB. was marriedgot married答案：D指导：getmarried强调动作，bemarried强调状态。4. You havent finished your homework yet, have you?-No, I it the whole morning.A. have been doing B. have doneC. had doneD. did答案：A 指导：由“No”可知“r没有完成作业，故使用进行时表示未完成的特点。“No” 和“thewholemorming”是关键信息。