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1、第二讲冠 词典型例题冠词是英语中使用频率最高的一类词。纵观历届高考题，冠词的考查有如下特点：（1） 考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法；（2）考查a和an的不同用法；（3）考查定冠词和不定冠 词的特殊用法，如抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前使用冠词的几种情况；（4） 考查零冠词的运用。近年来高考对冠词的考查更强调在具体语言环境中的使用，将冠词的一 般规律与特殊现象结合起来，请考生一定要特别注意。1 .冠词的惯用法是主要考查点之一，如：in use, in the 1990s, in . the south of, of a（different） kind, be wounded in th
2、e leg, On the telephone 等。2 .重点考查冠词的一些最基本用法，不用偏题、，隆题故意为难学生。如the thirteenthcentury（序数词前用the）, forthemostpart（最高级前用the）,可数名词的复 数表泛指（animals, lellers）, the+单数可数名词表类指（出esweater）, a（n）+单数可数 名词表泛指（an ailplane）,不可数名词前有不用出e表泛指（news）。4 .试题的情景较为复杂，一般都是复合句，词数都在15个左右，这些因素对句意的 理解造成了一定的困难。.5.试题都设有两处信息沟，尽可能地增加了对冠词
3、考查的深度和广度。6 .相对于上海试题和春招试题而言，全国高考试题对于冠词的考查更着重考生灵活运 用冠词的能力，试题的难度也偏高。应试高分瓶颈考生在平时的学习中要注意把握：1 .备考过程中，应充分重视对最基本的冠词知识的掌握和理解，切不可好高鹫远，不 假思索地一头扎进题海中去。2 .冠词的用法庞杂，学习时要把握其要害，可数名词和不可数名词、具体名词和抽象 名词、泛指和特指、类指和专指这四组概念是领悟和掌握冠词用法的关键所在。冠词的使用比较灵活。做题时，首先搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意 复数名词、不可数名词表泛指不用任何冠词，单数名词前别忘了加冠词。另外要注意高考中 所考查的冠词
4、用法往往要放在语境中考虑，复习时要注意冠词的特殊用法，如序数词前用a / an 表示“又一”“再一：a / an 用在 most 前，most 等于 very； This is a house where LuXun once lived.（这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子之一。） 本类考题解答锦囊冠词有两种形式，即定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）.不定冠词a, an一般有any或one的意思，但有强调数目概念，只用来指事物，说明 其名称或种类，回答what的问题。Is this a horse?一 NO, it isnt. It is a donkey.（只说明这是 donkey 而不是 ho
5、rse）（1）泛指人、事、物的类别A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种飞行器。He had been a docto.他曾经是一位医生。（2）泛指某人、某物Lily was saved bya PLA man in the fire.莉莉在那场大火中被一位解放军战士救了。There is a book on the table.桌子上有本书。（3）表示one, every或per的意义I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears.我有一张嘴、一个鼻子、两只眼睛和两个耳朵。Is tudy Engish two
6、 hours a day.我每天学习英语。两个小时。.例：TherewastimeIhatedtOSOtO 3ch0 典型例题 A. thalB.whenC. the； that D. the； when【解 析】 这是一个there+be句型并由when引导的定语从句，意思是“我曾经有 一段不想上学的时间”。根据语境，time应该是泛指。there was a time有一段时间。【答案】B本类考题解答锦囊(1)表示特指和第二次提到的人或物；the worker(那个工人)、the same(相同的)(2)用于指代世界上独一无二的事物的名词之前；the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮
7、)、the earth(地球)(3)用于序数词、形容词最高级前面；36任5(:(笫-)、the secondC第二)(4)用于江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠及表方位的名词前面；the Yellow River(黄河)、the east(东部)(5)与某些形容词连用表示一类(人或物)；the rich(富人)、the wounded(伤员)(6)用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”：the Smiths(史密斯夫妇；史密斯一家)(7)用于表示发明物的单数名词前面：The telephone was invented in 1876.电话发明于 1876 年。(8)用于表示乐器的名词前
8、面；Lucy likes to play the violin / piano / guitar.露茜喜欢弹小提琴/钢琴/吉他。(9)用于表示国家和民族的形容词前，泛指该国的人民：theChinese(English, Japanese, French )中国人(英国人、日本人、法国人)(10)用于表示时间的词组和习惯语中。inthemorning(ahernoon, evening)在上午(下午、傍晚)in the 1980 s / 1980s 在 20 世纪 80 年代例：The most important thing about cotton in history is part th
9、at itplayed in Industrial Revolution.A. / ； / B.the： / C. the； the D.a;the【解析】part意指“作用”。特指工业革命时期所起的作用应加the,由普通名词构 成的专有名词前用the.【答案】C本类考题解答锦囊有些名词前面可以不用冠词，它们是：(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等名词前面；China haS a large population. Air iS matter.(2)名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限制修饰时；She is my teacher.JaCkt S father iSadoctor
10、.(3)季节、节日、星期、月份、早/中/晚餐等名词前；spring, TeachersDay, Sunday, January, breakfast, dinner： supper(4)球类、棋类、游戏、学科名称前面；Do you like to play football / basketball?! like English.(5)表示唯一的职务、头衔以及身份意义的名词前面不用冠词；表示称呼的名词前不用 冠词，且要用大写形式；Wang Ming is elected monitor of our class.(6)街道、广场、公园、部分旅馆和大学前；West Changan Street(
11、西长安街)Eeihai park(北海公园)(7)表示疾病、颜色等类的名词前：The old man died of cancer last vear.(8)用在介词at/by后面表示时间及“by+交通工具/通迅工具”结构中。at noon / night / dawn / dusk / day,by bus / ship / bike例：Whenheleft collegezhe got a job as reporter in anewspaper office.A. / ： a B. / ； the C.a； the Q.the； the【解析】这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句。根据
12、语境，他大学毕、lk时就得到 了一份报社记者的工作，a job as a reporter;reporter前面的不定冠词a表示数量，而大学毕业是表示 一种抽象的时间概念，不用冠词。【答案】AI高考最新热门题1 .(典型例题青海卷)一John, there is Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.Im in bath.A. a;theB. the;aC. a; xD. the; x【解析】不定冠词修饰人名时，表示初次提到一个人，或者说话者认为没有必要或不 想具体说明是哪一个。根据谈话的内容。所说的bath(澡堂，浴室)显然是说话双方都知道 的，故前面须加定冠词，因
13、此答案选A.【答案】A.(典型例题 The most important thing about cotton in history is partthat it played in IndustrialRevolution.A. x； xB. the; xC. the;theD. a;the答案：C指导：part意指作用。指工业革命时期所起的作用应加the,由普通名词构.成的 专有名词前用the因此C为正确答案。2 .(典型例题 While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, .Newton made discover wh
14、ich completely changed mansunderstanding of colour.A. a; xB. a; theC. X ;theD. the;a答案：A指导：根据句子的意思，牛顿的一次发现，是泛指，应用定冠词；而人类的观念， 不是某一个人，故在inBn前不能用冠词，答案选A.3 .（典型例题 It is world of wonders,world where anything canhappen.A. a;theB. a;aC.the;aD. x ； x答案：B指导：世界上独一无二的事物前一般用定冠词，但当此名词带有定语修饰时，前 面应用不定冠词，故答案选B.II题点
15、经典类型题.（典型例题）recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U. S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by year .A. A;the B. A;不填 C. The;不填 D. The;a【解析】句意为：最近的一份报告指出，到美国讲西班牙语的人数将超过讲英语的人 数。本句中的a recent report表示最的的几次报告中的某一次。by the year为表示年 份的固定表达方式，坯可改为by .所以答案为A.1 .（典型例题
16、）They say thatJ a pa n ese language is particularly difficultfo r Eu ropean.A. the;anB. a;aC. the;aD. a;the答案：C 指导：the Japanese language=Japanese（日语）；a European 欧洲人，表 泛指。2 .（典型例题考卷）-Would you lend me paper to write paper?Sorry. I havent any.A. any; someB. any; aC. a; someD. some; a答案：D指导：第一个paper是“纸
17、（不可数），第二个是“论文”（可数）。3 .（典型例题断）At noon we reached small village east of thetown.A. the;theB. a;theC. a；,不填D. a;an答案：C 指导：第一空为泛指；eastofthetown=to the east of the town.题干句中 的east是副词，之前当然不可用冠词，east为名词时，之前往往加定冠词the.5.（典型例题考）The building of that school was completed in August of20典型例题in Septemberz20典型例题不填;
18、theB. the;theC.不填;不填D.the;不填答案：D 指导：注意这两种表达方式：in the August of 20典型例题ugust 20典型 例题典型例题卷）Mr Smith has great interest in history, especially in history of the Ming Dynasty.A. a;theB. a;不填C.不填；theD.不填;a答案：A指导：interest既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，其前有形容词时，通常加 as第二空必须加the,表特指。1 . Historically, main material for makin
19、g tables has been wood,but metal and stone have also been used.A the;theB. the;不填C.不填；theD.不填;不填答案：B指导：第一空是特指“某种材料”；第二空后的metal和stone都是物质名词， 即不可数名词，表泛指，不加任何冠词。2 .What did you think of president? I didnt carefor him at first, but after time I got to like him.A. the;aB.不填;theC. the;theD.不填；a答案：A指导：职位名词
20、作宾语须有冠词：afteratime 一段时间以后。3. He had decided to give it up, but on secondthoughts he decided to try third time.A. the;ab.不填;不填C.a;aD.不填;a答案：D 指导：。nsecond thoushts是习语、意为.“在慎重考虑以后”。另外：upon / withathought 立亥ij,马上；atthethought of 想至ij in thought 左思右想。4. It is great pl easure to go to cinema after a weeks
21、 hard work.A. a;the B. the;a C. a;a D. the;the答案：A 指导：agreat pleasure 和 So to the cinema 为惯用法。5. Granny took the little girl by hand and thanked her for her help.A. a B. her C. his D. the答案：D 指导：take sb. by the hand为固定搭配。考场热身Having received training of the MS. Company, he was offered important posit
22、ion in management.A. the;anB.不填;anC. the;不填D. ara答案：A指导：第一空特指MS.公司的培训，因此用the；第二空表示某一个重要的职 位，用an.2 .For many Beijingers, dreams of living in green area are becomingreality.A. a;aB. the;theC.不填;不填D. a;the答案：a指导：第一空表示某一个绿化区，故用a,第二空表示梦想成为一种现实，用a.3 . Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?-Yes. As you saw,part
23、y went on in most pleasant atmosphere.A. the;aB. the;theC. a;theD. a;a答案：A指导：第一空表示说话人和听话人都知道的事，故用the；第二空表示在一种非 常和谐的氛围中,amost上当于a very.4.1 often have conversations with John over telephone,while I keep intouch with Tom hy letter.A.不填；theB.不填;aC. the;不填D. the;a答案：C 指导：overthetelephone 和 byletter 都是习语。
24、5. Many scientist wants to be second Newton.A a;theB. a;aC.不填;aD.不填；the答案：B指导：第一空：“manya+单数名词”是一个搭配，表示“许多”。第二空：a+ 序数词表示another（另一个）”，a+专有名词表示：一个与此相类似的人/物。6. Charley Oakley, NBA star; hasnt lost game in the pastthree years.A. an;aB. a;theC. the;aD. an;the答案：A指导：NBA读作enbi:ei,以元音音素开头，故用“an；第二空表示：在最 近三年
25、中没有输过一场比赛，故用“a”.7 Were you educated in good school?Yes,very good one in my hometown.A. the; the13. a; aC. the;aD. a;不填答案：B指导：这两个空都表示：一所好学校”因此都用“a”.8. USA Today, in front page story, also reported on Friday that the USspecial forces have moved into Afghanistan with orders to catch orkill Bin Laden.A.
26、 the;theB. the;不填C. a;theD. a;不填D指导：头版登载的故事很多，此处为其中之一，所以用不定冠词；orde表命令时，不 与冠词连用。本类考题解答锦囊；1 . a, an, the在单数可数名词前的用法。如在以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词 时用“an”，即使单词拼写以，辅音字母开头，但该词的读音是元音开头，加不定冠词时，也 要用“an” eg： an hour,反之，拼写以元音字母开头，但读音是辅音，加不定冠词时用 “a”. eg： a university 等。2 .熟记用或不用冠词的一些特殊情况。如学科名称、球类、棋类前不加冠词。eg： play football
27、：演奏乐器，乐器前常加定冠词。eg： play the .piano；某些固定词组的区别。 eg： in front of 与 in the front of 等。 .I高考最新热门题.（典型例题 his is my first visit to a English family.【答案】aan English以元音开头。1 .（典型例题 en minutes later, the firemen came andput out fire.答案：在fire前加the. fire是特指。2 .（典型例题 eacher advised me to keep my diary.答案：my-*a. k
28、eep a diary,固定用法，记日记。II题点经典类型题.（典型例题诊断）One day Li Ping was niding in the street when the old man came across the street withsnt noticing her.【答案】the-an.名词第一次出现，用不定冠词，表示泛指。1 .（典型例题）Bungee jumping is considered a good example of such a activity 答案：a-*an.activity以元音音素开头。2 .（典型例题拟）Last week, about 1000
29、parents came to school to have classes. 答案：school前加the.普通名词前加定冠词表特指。3 .（典型例题检测）Tom told the doctor he had got headache an d bad coughO 答案：headache 前加1 a. have a head ache 固定用法。1. What a good news weve heard!答案：去掉a. news为不可数名词，其前不用awhy is she in such such great hurry?答案：such后加a.in .a hurry为固定搭配，意为“匆忙
30、地”。2. The policeman caught me by my arm.答案：my 改为 the.固定句式：hit / beat / strike / take / catch. sb.+in / on / by+the+身体的某个部位。3. The man is the only animal that can speak.答案：The man改为Man. man用单数，前在不加冠词指人类。4. This dictionary is a same as the one I lost.答案：a改为the. the same as.为固搭配。5. He found a job paid
31、by an hour.答案：an改为the. by the hour,按小时。6. The sun gives us light during day.答案：day 前加 the.在白天，during the day.1. It is a great fun to collect coins.答案：去押a, fun用作不可数名词，其前不加a.一些抽象名词如surprise, pleasure, success等可以指具体的人或事，前面可以加a,而fun不能。9. They had a party after a meal that day.答案：第二个a改为the.表示特指那一顿饭用the.1
32、0. Finally she chose a bigger one of the two.答案：a改为the.两者中较的那个，用the+比较级+of. . .11. Move this chair away. They are in this way.答案：in this way改为in the way,意为“挡道”。12. Did you have wonderful time at the party?答案：have后加a. have atime,度过一段时光。13. He is a honest young man. He never tells lies.答案：a改为an.honest
33、读音以元音开头。14. Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.答案：telephone前加the.发明物前加定冠词。15. Professor Wang was elected the president of the college.答案：去掉第个the.表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，前面往往不带冠词。16. what surprised us most was that the blind girl played piano so well.答案：piano前力口 the.乐器前加定冠词。17. China has ch
34、anged so greatly since eighties of the twentieth century.答案：since后加the.某世纪的几十年代前加定冠词。18. Many people dream of walking in the space like astronauts one day.答案：去掉the. space表示太空时，其前不带冠词。19. Lets do the experiment the third time. Maybe, well succeed this time.答案，：.the改为乙再一次，又一次a third time.20.In spring of 1992, he paida visit to the south of china.答案：spring前加the. 一年四季前往往不带冠词，如果特指某一年的某个季节，需加定 冠词。